scholarly journals Leaf surface index as an indicator of moisture responsiveness and drought resistance of winter bread wheat samples

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-14
Author(s):  
V. L. Gaze ◽  
V. A. Golubova ◽  
I. A. Lobunskaya
Keyword(s):  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Index Change ◽  
Winter Bread Wheat ◽  
Chlorophyll Pigment ◽  
Moisture Supply ◽  
Growing Conditions

The growth and productivity of drought-prone varieties are strongly influenced by the chlorophyll pigment content and the development of plants’ foliage. The current climate changing, characterized by long no-rain periods followed by short intense rainfalls, is forcing plants to adopt different strategies to cope with drought. The purpose of the current study is to estimate the effect of growing conditions on the indicators of the total leaf area, leaf surface index (LSI) of sowing, the concentration of chlorophylls (Chl) in the leaves and the yield of winter wheat, depending on the value of their moisture supply. There have been established that the leaf surface index change and the preservation of chlorophyll pigment in foliage during the vegetation period is closely related to plants’ drought resistance, soil moisture reserve and a genotype. Under conditions of insufficient moisture supply, the maximum values of the leaf surface index in the heading phase were formed by the varieties ‘Krasa Dona’ (5.99 r.u) and ‘Etyud’ (2.49 r.u.). The highest content of chlorophyll pigment, both in the heading phase and in the flowering phase, was identified in the varieties ‘Krasa Dona’ (3.7; 3.0 mg/100 g of raw material), ‘Etyud’ (3.4; 3.2 mg/100 g of raw material) and ‘Volny Don’ (3.2; 3.0 mg/100 g of raw material), respectively. Acording to the value of productivity, the reliably standard variety ‘Don 107’ has exceeded the varieties ‘Etyud’, ‘Krasa Dona’, ‘Asket’, ‘Volny Don’.

scholarly journals The effect of arid conditions on productivity and elements of photosynthetic activity of winter soft wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
I. A. Lobunskaya ◽  
E. V. Ionova ◽  
V. A. Likhovidova
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Chlorophyll Pigment ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Moisture Supply

The current paper has presented the estimating results of the effect of vegetation conditions on a leaf area index, preservation of chlorophyll pigment and productivity of the winter common wheat samples developed by the ARC “Donskoy”. The study was conducted in the laboratory of plant physiology in 2017-2020. There has been used the following methodology: the leaf areas were determined by the Nichiporovich's method (1955), the leaf area index during the periods of ear formation and flowering was estimated according to S.A. Tarasenko (2015). The chlorophyll content in the leaves of winter wheat varieties was assessed by the Shmatko's method (1976). The study results have identified that the leaf area indices and the chlorophyll content in leaves during the vegetation period changed according to the drought resistance degree of plants and depended mainly on the root moisture supply and on the studied genotype. In the conditions of insufficient moisture supply the varieties Krasa Dona, Asket, Etyud and Volny Don formed the maximum values of a leaf area index and preservation of chlorophyll pigment.

FEATURES OF THE PRODUCTION PROCESS OF ANCIENT AND MODERN VARIETIES OF WINTER RYE

1970 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
A. A. Torop ◽  
V. V. Chaykin ◽  
E. A. Torop ◽  
I. S. Brailova ◽  
S. A. Kuzmenko
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Potential Productivity ◽  
Productivity Potential

We compared peculiarities of the production process of the older and modern(created 80 years after) sorts of winter rye. It is determined that the specific coenotic productivity of a modern sort is 60.6% higher.This increase is due to higher number of productive sprouts per unit area and higher sprout weight. The coenosis of modern sorts is highly resistant to lodging. The modern sort has a 33.5% higher leaf surface index and a 17.7% higher share of the leaves in the upper tier, differing in their erectile orientation in space. As for the content of total chlorophyll in the dry matter of leaves and vagina, the modern sort is inferior to the older by 30.2%during theearing period, and by 17.5%during the milky-wax ripeness period.As for the content of total chlorophyll in the sowing area, the compared sorts were practically the same, but the ratio between chlorophyll a and c was noticeably different. As for the chlorophyll content in stems, in dry matter and in the area of ​​sowing, the modern sort is inferior by1.5 times and more to the older in both observation terms. The sorts differed in the biomass accumulation and its distribution between the parts during the vegetation period. To establish the ear productivity, the older sort used only the current photosynthesis products.In conditions of an unfavorable growth year, the modern sort used previously accumulated by leaves and re-utilized assimilates. The actual and potential productivity of an ear in a modern sort is higher by 77.4 and 68.0%, respectively, but the degree of its vegetative mass supply is lower by 48.6%.Only due to the higher, by 77.4%, utilization of the mass of the sprout, the modern sort binds a greater number of grains in the ear with a higherseparate mass.Since the sharp increase in the ear productivity potential was not accompanied by the same growth of the sprout vegetative mass, the modern sort, in unfavorable conditions for growth, has tensions in the relation system between the sprout vegetative mass and pouring grain. This may be the reason of the unstable achievedyield level.

scholarly journals AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF LEAVES OF THREE SPECIES OF ARTEMISIA L. GROWING IN THE ELTON REGION

2021 ◽  
pp. 219-225
Author(s):  
Галина Табаленкова
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Buffer System ◽  
Amino Acid Analyzer ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
High Level

The results of studies of the qualitative composition and quantitative content of amino acids (AAs) in the leaves of three plant species of the genus Artemisia, widespread in the Elton region, were presented. Protein AAs were determined on an AAA T-339 amino acid analyzer (Czech Republic) after hydrolysis of a sample in 6N HCl at 105 °C for 24 h, free AAs – on an AAA-400 amino acid analyzer (Czech Republic) in a lithium buffer system. The protein AAs amount varied from 66 mg / g in A. lerchiana to 113 mg / g dry weight in A. santonica. 17 AAs were found in composition of these species, aspartic and glutamic acids were dominant. The content of free AAs varied from 4.4 mg / g in A. santonica to 8.3 mg / g dry weight in A. pauciflora. 14 AAs have been identified, among them proline was the predominant free AA. The share of proline was 75-81% of the total free AAs. Among the minor components, 3-4 compounds with a content above 2% dominated. The free AAs contain 3 non-proteinogenic ones (ornithine, citruline, and γ-aminobutyric acid). A. lerchiana and A. pauciflora species were similar in protein and free amino acids, probably due to the same growing conditions. A high level of free proline, together with a complex of biologically active substances in Artemisia species, which grow abundantly in the Elton region, allow to consider the possibility of their use as a medicinal raw material.

Influence of a growth stimulator on the sowing traits of wheat

2021 ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
R. A. Maksimova ◽  
E. M. Ermolova
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Growth Stimulator ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Leaf Surface Area ◽  
Wheat Seeds

Wheat is the main and most important food crop in most countries of the world. It is cultivated in more than 80 countries. The purpose of the work was to study the effect of the growth stimulator Agrostimulin on the sowing traits of wheat seeds. The growth regulator Agrostimulin promotes accelerated division of plant cells, the development of a more powerful root system, an increase in the leaf surface area and chlorophyll content, reduces the phytotoxic effect of pesticides, has an antimutagenic effect, improves the quality of grown products, increases productivity, plant resistance to diseases, stress factors, resistance to adverse environmental factors (hypothermia, overheating, lack or excess of light and moisture). Its use makes it possible to reduce the rates of application of pesticides when using the drug 3–5 times during the vegetation period. The use of the growth stimulator Agrostimulin in the cultivation of spring wheat Omskaya 36 has been reflected in the article. Studies on the sowing traits of spring wheat seeds, phenological observations have been carried out. The yield of wheat Omskaya 36 variety with the use of the growth regulator Agrostimulin was 20 c/ha, which was by 2,1 c/ha or 11,7 % higher compared to the previous year. It has been revealed that the length of the vegetation period in wheat treated with the growth regulator Agrostimulin was 89 days, which was by 7 days less compared to the control. Thus, it has been experimentally proved that the treatment of spring wheat seeds Omskaya 36 with the growth regulator Agrostimulin shortens the growing season and increases its yield.

scholarly journals Nutrient Release Pattern and Greenhouse-Grown Swiss Chard Response to Biochar Inoculated with Vermicast

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Lord Abbey ◽  
Jinsheng Cai ◽  
Lokanadha R. Gunupuru ◽  
Mercy Ijenyo ◽  
Ebenezer O. Esan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Swiss Chard ◽  
Leaf Surface Area

A study was performed to assess nutrient release from biochar inoculated with solid vermicast (SVB), vermicast tea (VTB), deionized water (DWB), uninoculated biochar (Bioc), and Promix-BX (Pro-BX). The growth response of Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris) cv. Rhubarb chard was also assessed. Comparatively, nutrients were released slowly from treatments SVB and VTB compared to the other treatments. The rate of nutrient release determined by total dissolved solids and electric conductivity from the Pro-BX was the highest. The trend for the plant growth components, total leaf surface area and leaf fresh weight at first harvest, was Pro-BX > Bioc > DWB = SVB > VTB. The only treatment that increased total leaf area and leaf fresh weight at the second harvest by approximately 1.02- and 1.88-fold was VTB. Leaf fresh weight was significantly reduced by approximately 0.33-fold for DWB, 0.28-fold for Bioc, and 0.70-fold for Pro-BX but was not altered by SVB at the second harvest as compared to the first harvest. A 2-dimensional principal component analysis (PCA) biplot confirmed that treatment Pro-BX increased plant growth components at the first harvest only. The locations of SVB and VTB on the PCA biplot confirmed their efficacies, which led to increases in the plant growth components at the second harvest. Overall, the VTB adsorbed more nutrients onto its surface that were slowly released to enhance the Swiss chard cv. Rhubarb chard plant growth at the second harvest. Further studies should consider microbial activities.

The superhydrophilic and superoleophilic leaf surface of Ruellia devosiana (Acanthaceae): a biological model for spreading of water and oil on surfaces

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Koch ◽  
Inga Christina Blecher ◽  
Gabriele König ◽  
Stefan Kehraus ◽  
Wilhelm Barthlott
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Tween 20 ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Zero Degree ◽  
Water Soluble Extract ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Different Cell Types

Most leaves of plants are hydrophobic or even superhydrophobic. Surprisingly the leaves of the tropical herb of Ruellia devosiana Makoy ex E. Morr. Hort. (Acanthaceae) are superamphiphilic. Water droplets (10 µL) spread to a film with a contact angle of zero degree within less than 0.3 s. Such surfaces with a high affinity to water are termed superhydrophilic. Droplets of oil applied on R. devosiana leaves and replicas showed a similar spreading behaviour as water. These surfaces are superoleophilic, and in combination with their superhydrophilicity they are called superamphiphilic. Independent of the growing conditions, a reversibility of the superhydrophilicity in R. devosiana leaves was found. Additionally, on 90° tilted leaves a pressure free capillary transport of water occurs against the force of gravity. By using a low pressure environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), the water condensation and evaporation process on the leaves has been observed. The leaf surfaces are composed of five different cell types: conical cells, glands, multicellular hairs, hair-papilla cells and longitudinal expanded, flat epidermis cells, which, in combination with the surrounding papilla cells, form channel like structures. Replication of the leaf surface structure and coating of the replicas with hydrophilic Tween 20 and a water soluble extract gained from the leaf surfaces resulted in artificial surfaces with the same fast water spreading properties as described for the leaves.

scholarly journals Drought resistance of winter soft wheat samples in the primary phase of organogenesis and change of leaf area and chlorophyll content in leaves under the conditions of water stress

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
V. A. Likhovidova ◽  
Е. V. Ionova ◽  
V. L. Gaze ◽  
D. М. Machenko
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Drought Resistance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Primary Phase ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Flowering Phase ◽  
Total Leaf

There has been conducted laboratory assessment of drought resistance of winter soft wheat samples on an osmatic solution (sucrose 16 atm.). The maximum values of this indicator ranged from 70.0% (“Lidiya”) to 79.3% (“Asket”). According to the results of vegetation trials, it was established that in conditions of insufficient moisture supply (aridity of 30% PV) during the flowering phase, the total leaf area of winter wheat varieties and lines varied from 45.2 cm2 (“Volny Don”) to 63.4 cm2 (“Kazachka”), and in the phase of milky ripeness of grain, the total leaf area ranged from 3.5 cm2 (“260/09”) to 17.7 cm2 (“Polina”). The varieties “Krasa Dona”, “Kapitan”, “Lidiya”, “Asket” showed the best ratio of the upper leaves area to the lower ones under arid conditions (in favor of the upper ones in the flowering phase). In the phase of milky ripeness, the presence of lower green leaves was identified in the varieties “Kapitan”, “Krasa Dona”, “Izyumnka”. The amount of accumulated pigments (chlorophyll) in the leaves remains the highest during the flowering period and the milky ripeness of the grain in the varieties “Kapitan” (3.1 and 2.6 m/100g of dry matter), “Kazachka” (2.9 and 2.4 mg/100g of dry matter), “Krasa Dona” (2.8 and 2.4 mg/100g of dry matter), “Asket” (2.7 and 2.3 mg/100g of dry matter), “Lidiya” (2.6 and 2.4 mg/100g of dry matter), “Izyumnka” (2.5 and 2.1 mg/100g of dry matter).

scholarly journals Мінливість тривалості веґетаційного періоду у колекційних зразків сої

2018 ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Л. Г. Білявська ◽  
А. М. Рибальченко
Keyword(s):  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Regression Coefficient ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Maturity Group ◽  
Russian Scientific ◽  
Relative Value ◽  
Russian Scientific Research Institute ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Late Group

Наведено результати вивчення тривалості веґетаційного періоду 145 колекційних зразків сої протягом 2013–2015 рр. На основі статистичного аналізу даних встановлено, що коефіцієнт варіації (V) тривалості веґетаційного періоду за зразками колекції був менший 10 % і коливався від 0,5 % у зразка ВНИИОЗ-76 до 4 % у зразка Merlin.  Коефіцієнт регресії (bi), що характеризує ступінь екологічної пластичності, у колекційних зразківа коливався від -3,31 у сорту Merlin до 3,23 у сорту Ельдорадо. В межах кожної групи стиглості відібрано зразки, які виявилися стабільними. Згідно з екологічною оцінкою за коефіцієнтом регресії (ступенем пластичності) та екологічною стабільністю встановлено відносну цінність 28 генотипів, які були стабільними (bi від 0 до 1) за тривалістю веґетаційного періоду. В ультраскоростиглій групі виділено 6 зразків, скоростиглій – 17 та в пізньостиглій – 5. Виділені генотипи є перспективними для селекційного та практичного використання. The results of studying the duration of the vegetation period of 145 collections of soybeans during 2013–2015 are presented. Based on statistical analysis of the data, the coefficient of variation (V) of the vegetation period according to the collection samples was less than 10 % and varied from 0.5 % in the sample ARSRIHFF-76 (All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Hunting and Fur Farming) to 4 % of Merlin sample. Regression coefficient (bi), characterizing the degree of ecological plasticity in the collection of samples ranged from -3.31 to 3.23 to Merlin grade class at El Dorado. In each group of ripeness samples were selected which proved to be stable. According to the environmental assessment for the regression coefficient (degree of plasticity) and sustainability set the relative value of 28 genotypes, which were stable (bi from 0 to 1) for the duration of the growing season. 6 samples was in ultra precocious group, 17 samples was in precocious group and 5 samples was in late ripening group. The samples Zlata, Biliavka, Lada, Dione, Anastasia, OAC Vision was stable (bi from 0 to 1) in ultra precocious group. The regression coefficient ranged from 0.08 (Zlata) to the 0.61 (OAC Vision and Anastasia). Other samples responded more to changes in growing conditions. The coefficient of variation in the samples in this maturity group varied from 0.62 % to 2.69 %. 17 stable genotypes selected in the most numerous precocious group: Precarpathian 96, Silver Ruth, Roxolana, Denis, Princess, ARSRIHFF-76, Larisa, Podiaka, Adamos, Ustia, Anzhelika, Suziria, Krasa Podillia, Osoblyva, Deimos, Sylvia. The regression coefficient ranged from 0.02 (Precarpathian 96) to 0.96 (Nattawa). The coefficient of variation in the samples in this maturity group ranged from 0.5 % to 4 %. In the middle-ripening group (121–140 days), the regression coefficient (bi) in the samples was 1>bi. Galyna and Don’ka maximum approaching maturity in the group to environmentally plastic with a regression coefficient 1.38 in both varieties. In late ripening, genotypes such as Del'ta, Vilana, Sedmytsia, Black Jack 21, Hejiao 87-94-3 have been identified. The regression coefficient was 0.36 in the Delta variety to 0.89 in the Hejiao 87-94-3 sample. The coefficient of variation (V) length of the growing season in late group of samples ranged from 0.7 % to 2.45 %. Selected genotypes are promising for breeding and practical use.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Ring Road on the growth of pine stands in Zhernovsky district forestry

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
В.В. Полякова ◽  
С.Г. Шурыгин
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Radial Increment ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ring Road ◽  
Pine Stands ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Surrounding Areas

В связи с увеличением территорий крупных городов все больше изымается площадей биогеоценозов под строительство линейных объектов (городская инфраструктура). Это ведет к увеличению нагрузки на биогеоценозы прилегающих к объектам территорий. Одним из наиболее значимых линейных объектов Санкт-Петербурга является кольцевая автодорога (далее – КАД). Строительство и функционирование КАД приводит к нарушению связей между компонентами биогеоценозов и к изменению самих биогеоценозов. В настоящей работе изучалось влияние кольцевой автодороги вокруг Санкт- Петербурга на компонент биогеоценоза – сосновый древостой. В качестве количественного показателя роста соснового древостоя были выбраны радиальные приросты, так как их параметры отражают качество условий произрастания. При анализе радиальных приростов сосновых древостоев, помимо положения от КАД, были учтены климатические условия. Корреляционный анализ подтвердил значимую достоверную связь между радиальными приростами древостоев участка 3 и средней температурой за вегетационный период на 25%. Также корреляционный анализ подтвердил значимую достоверную связь между радиальными приростами древостоев участка 6 и суммарным количеством осадков за вегетационный период на 30%. Дисперсионный анализ показал, что влияние КАД на приросты сосновых древостоев на подтопленных опытных участках 5 и 6 достоверно и составляет 38 и 30% соответственно от всех внешних факторов, влияющих на рост древостоев. Таким образом, полученные результаты подтверждают достоверное влияние КАД, построенное с технологическими нарушениями, так как насыпь КАД на рассматриваемых участках послужила дамбой, подпирающий поток почвенно-грунтовых вод, на рост сосновых древостоев. Наиболее изменчивы приросты древостоев на подтопляемых участках с нарушенным водно-воздушным режимом. The territory of large cities is increasing, larger areas of biogeocenoses are used for the construction of linear objects (urban infrastructure). This leads to an increase of the load on the ecosystems of surrounding areas. The most significant linear object of the city of St. Petersburg is the Ring Road. The construction and operation of the Ring Road leads to the disruption of the links between the components of biogeocenoses and to changes in biogeocenoses themselves. In this paper the influence of the Ring Road of St. Petersburg on the component of biogeocenosis – pine stands was studied. The quantitative indicator of pine stands growth is radial increment. Parameters of radial increment reflect the quality of growing conditions. The influence of position of the Ring Road and climatic conditions on the radial increments of pine stands was taken into account. The correlation analysis revealed a significant reliable relationship between the radial increments of the pine stands of site 3 and the average temperature over the vegetation period by 25%. Also, the correlation analysis revealed a significant reliable relationship between the radial increments of the stands of site 6 and the total amount of precipitation temperature over the vegetation period by 30%. Single-factor analysis of variance showed that the influence of the Ring Road on the growth of pine stands of underflooded sites 5 and 6 is reliable and is 38 and 30%, respectively, of all external factors affecting the growth of stands. The Ring Road was built with the construction technology infringement. The road embankment works as a dam on the way of soil water and groundwater. The obtained results confirm the reliable influence of the Ring Road on the growth of pine stands. The most significant deviation of the increments of stands was on underflooded sites with disturbed water and air conditions.

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