INCREASE IN PRESTIGE OF AGRICULTURAL WORK - AN IMPORTANT CONDITION OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

Aims: This paper reviews the body of evidence on gender and agriculture and gender and enterprise (including farm enterprise) development in developing countries. Results: The resurgence of interest on the influence of gender and its subsequent mainstreaming into social and economic programmes and in particular, agricultural policy and practice, is largely a development of the 1990s and beyond. The extant body of literature on gender and agriculture is dominated by the liberal feminist construction that women are the disadvantaged group regarding resources such as time, assets (particularly land and credit) and household burden,Agricultural development would be facilitated if both men and women have equal access to resources for use in agricultural work. Conclusion: There is no unique pathway for bringing this about nor are there singular notions of success. Indeed, gender issues should be integrated into the agricultural enterprise from the beginning on the back of broad-based needs assessment schemes. Recommendation: The range of gender issues requiring intervention should include progressive identification and systematic dismantling of socio-cultural, ideological, institutional and legal barriers to equal participation of men and women in agricultural enterprise, orientating and skilling extension workers on gender issues and developing women and men cadre in extension services to cater to the specific needs of each gender and creating equal opportunities in education, employment and politics taking account of the realities of both gender.

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Gender Disparity in Employment and Wages in Rural Labour Market in Odisha: Some Survey Findings and Empirical Analysis

Indian Journal of Economics and Development ◽

10.35716/ijed/21084 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Empirical Analysis ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Gender Disparity ◽

Female Labour ◽

Agricultural Work ◽

Positive Difference ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Males And Females ◽

Gender Based

Gender disparity prevails through various attributes, including gender specificity of agricultural operations, discriminating women in terms of wages, and system of wage payments. This paper employed a t-test to investigate the degree of gender disparity in the rural labour market in Cuttack district of Odisha, covering one irrigated village, Bahalpada, and a non-irrigated village Erancha with a sample of 50 female labourers, 20 male labourers, and ten employers from each village, where irrigation was used as the indicator of agricultural development. The results indicated no significant difference in the days of work available to males and females in farm activities in the irrigated village Bahalpada; however, there was a significant positive difference in male-female labour days in agricultural work non-irrigated village Erancha. Despite non-significant differences in days of employment in farm activities, the gender-based wage differentials persisted and were more pronounced in the non-irrigated village than in irrigated villages.

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Agricultural work on the sacred lands of Attica IV B.C. according to epigraphica

RUDN Journal of World History ◽

10.22363/2312-8127-2021-13-3-277-285 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 277-285

Author(s):

Elena Vladimirovna Bulycheva

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Development ◽

Fourth Century ◽

Land Ownership ◽

Special Care ◽

Peloponnesian War ◽

Ancient Greek ◽

Agricultural Work ◽

Sacred Land ◽

Sacred Lands ◽

Analysis And Study

This article deals with the issue of carrying out agricultural work on the sacred lands of ancient Attica (Athens region) in the IV century B.C. The author relies on epigraphic sources, which are inscriptions on stone steles containing texts of lease agreements on sacred lands of the IV century B.C, and also uses information from ancient authors. The author also attracts scientific works of domestic and foreign authors devoted to the problem of agrarian relations in the ancient Greek polis. According to the author, the analysis and study of agricultural work on the territory of the sacred lands of Attica deserves a separate article, since the study of this issue makes it possible to more thoroughly consider agricultural relations in the Athenian polis of the IV century B.C, to present the meaning of sacred land ownership. In the first part of the article, the author analyzes the types and nature of agricultural work on sacred lands (temenos). The second part is devoted to the problem of responsibility of tenants and landlords for the performance of work on the territory of temenos. As a result, the author comes to certain conclusions. In the fourth century B.C, the sacred lands of Attica required special care after the end of the devastating actions of the Peloponnesian War. The temenos were at the disposal of the polis, with demes and religious unions as their landlords. The leasing of land made it possible to ensure the stable preservation of the land fund, to ensure the agricultural development of the temenos. Tenants (private individuals) were required to provide careful care for the leased land. At the same time, the author draws attention to the fact that in some cases the tenants were very well-known, wealthy citizens of the polis, for whom participation in the lease of sacred lands was a kind of liturgy. In such cases, it is difficult to determine who performed agricultural work on the leased land, most likely, it was special employees, whose work was paid by the tenant. At the same time, according to the epigraphica, there was no sublease.

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Le curé, la charrue et le monde rural

Social Sciences and Missions ◽

10.1163/18748945-02903007 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (3-4) ◽

pp. 242-272

Author(s):

Honoré Ouedraogo

Keyword(s):

Burkina Faso ◽

Catholic Church ◽

Agricultural Development ◽

Living Conditions ◽

Farming Practices ◽

Agricultural Work ◽

Agricultural Revolution ◽

Set Up ◽

The Relationship ◽

Upper Volta

This paper explores the relationship between religion and development as inspired by the implication of a missionary White Father in the agricultural development of former Upper-Volta (now Burkina Faso) between 1958 and 1983. By ‘inventing’ (so to speak) the donkey-dragged hoe or houe-manga and by the development of donkey-dragged hoe farming, Reverend Father Regis Chaix has brought in an improvement of local farming techniques and paved the way to an agricultural revolution in that disinherited corner of Africa. The farming practices introduced by this missionary have reduced the laboriousness of agricultural work and improved the living conditions of Voltaics. In the light of his experience, it appears that the double decade of development (1960–1980) set up by UNESCO has provided an opportunity to the Catholic Church to rediscover the fundamental link between evangelization and development.

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