The Perception of Automation Reliability and Acceptance of Automated Advice

Objective Examine (1) the extent to which humans can accurately estimate automation reliability and calibrate to changes in reliability, and how this is impacted by the recent accuracy of automation; and (2) factors that impact the acceptance of automated advice, including true automation reliability, reliability perception, and the difference between an operator’s perception of automation reliability and perception of their own reliability. Background Existing evidence suggests humans can adapt to changes in automation reliability but generally underestimate reliability. Cognitive science indicates that humans heavily weight evidence from more recent experiences. Method Participants monitored the behavior of maritime vessels (contacts) in order to classify them, and then received advice from automation regarding classification. Participants were assigned to either an initially high (90%) or low (60%) automation reliability condition. After some time, reliability switched to 75% in both conditions. Results Participants initially underestimated automation reliability. After the change in true reliability, estimates in both conditions moved towards the common true reliability, but did not reach it. There were recency effects, with lower future reliability estimates immediately following incorrect automation advice. With lower initial reliability, automation acceptance rates tracked true reliability more closely than perceived reliability. A positive difference between participant assessments of the reliability of automation and their own reliability predicted greater automation acceptance. Conclusion Humans underestimate the reliability of automation, and we have demonstrated several critical factors that impact the perception of automation reliability and automation use. Application The findings have potential implications for training and adaptive human-automation teaming.

PENGARUH PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DAN SAINS TEKNOLOGI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR

This study aims to reveal : (1) the effect of PBL on the motivation to learn; (2) the effect of STM on the motivation to learn; (3) differences on the motivation to learn between the group taught using PBL model and that taught using STM. This study was a quasi experiment with the nonequivalent comparison-group design. The data analysis used T-test and Univariate Analysis of Variance at the significance level of 5%. The results are as follows: (1) PBL improved positively and significantly on the motivation to learn; (2) STM improved positively and significantly on the motivation to learn; (3) there is a significant and positive difference on the motivation to learn between the group taught using PBL model and that taught using STM model

You’ve improved the process, but do you know how much you’ve saved the NHS?

The NHS is a rich tapestry of professionals from all walks of life, dedicating their working lives to serving the UK population’s health needs. Everyday there are individuals seeking to make a positive difference, for their patients, for their teams and for their students. Throw in Brexit or even a pandemic, and the cogs just keep turning

Productivity of wheat grown in conditions of unconventional agriculture

The production of clean, healthy and high quality agricultural products is becoming increasingly important. In modern wheat agriculture, research with biological and biodynamic preparations is increasingly presented. With the common variety of winter wheat Venka 1, a study was conducted in the period 2019 - 2020 on carbonate, chernozem soil type, in the experimental field of Agricultural Institute Shumen. The experiment is based on the block method, in four replications with the size of the experimental plot 10 m2. Sowing was carried out in October with a sowing rate of 500 sprouts / m2 after the predecessor sugar flower. In the appropriate periods, treatments were made in 4 variants: 1) Control – untreated variant; 2) Treatment with biodynamic preparations: Preparation 500 + Fladen preparation + preparation 501; 3) Treatment with biological preparations: Heliosulfur + Free N; 4) Combined treatment with the same biodynamic and biological preparations. After the readings of the biometric indicators and the statistical analysis for the first year of the study, a proven positive difference was found in the variant treated with biological preparations on the length of the spike, number and weight of grains per spike. In the second year, a proven positive difference was obtained in the variants treated with biological and biodynamic preparations and in their combination on the length of the spike, number and weight of grains per spike. A difference in the number of spikelets per spike was substantially demonstrated only in the variant treated with biological preparations in the second year of the study. For a proven positive effect in the variant treated with biodynamic preparations, technological time is needed in order to show the real effect of their action on the yield in wheat.

Winning in winter with marginal gains: enhancing welfare on the frontline

Winter pressures on the NHS challenge every one of us. Patients may experience delays waiting for emergency ambulances and face extended waiting times at hospital emergency departments (ED). During this season, GPs, hospitals, NHS organisations and staff will face increased demand for services; yet are still required to deliver on agreed performance targets with only a finite availability of resources. Add Brexit and the second wave of COVID-19 wave into the mix and it might appear difficult to make improvements in any of these areas. During the winter of 2019–2020, a large ambulance service in England introduced a ‘welfare van’ to support busy emergency ambulance crews in one of its busy urban areas. It was tasked to see if it could make a positive difference to staff welfare and uphold or improve on ambulance service performance during a period of expected increased demand.

On L h , k -Labeling Index of Inverse Graphs Associated with Finite Cyclic Groups

An L h , k -labeling of a graph G = V , E is a function f : V ⟶ 0 , ∞ such that the positive difference between labels of the neighbouring vertices is at least h and the positive difference between the vertices separated by a distance 2 is at least k . The difference between the highest and lowest assigned values is the index of an L h , k -labeling. The minimum number for which the graph admits an L h , k -labeling is called the required possible index of L h , k -labeling of G , and it is denoted by λ k h G . In this paper, we obtain an upper bound for the index of the L h , k -labeling for an inverse graph associated with a finite cyclic group, and we also establish the fact that the upper bound is sharp. Finally, we investigate a relation between L h , k -labeling with radio labeling of an inverse graph associated with a finite cyclic group.

Facilitating cultural change in healthcare organisations

The need for cultural change in healthcare organisations is well documented. There is a plethora of evidence to demonstrate the devastating impact of poor workplace culture on staff and patient outcomes. However, balanced against the significant financial pressures and a staffing crisis, cultural change is unlikely to be made a priority, despite the fact that many of the problems faced by organisations are compounded by poor workplace culture. The evidence demonstrates the positive difference cultural change can make, building staff confidence and encouraging innovation which, in turn, will result in greater efficiency and best use of limited funding. This article presents a simple model that may, when combined with other cultural tools, offer organisations a cost-effective and practical way to develop a positive workplace culture.

Gender Disparity in Employment and Wages in Rural Labour Market in Odisha: Some Survey Findings and Empirical Analysis

Gender disparity prevails through various attributes, including gender specificity of agricultural operations, discriminating women in terms of wages, and system of wage payments. This paper employed a t-test to investigate the degree of gender disparity in the rural labour market in Cuttack district of Odisha, covering one irrigated village, Bahalpada, and a non-irrigated village Erancha with a sample of 50 female labourers, 20 male labourers, and ten employers from each village, where irrigation was used as the indicator of agricultural development. The results indicated no significant difference in the days of work available to males and females in farm activities in the irrigated village Bahalpada; however, there was a significant positive difference in male-female labour days in agricultural work non-irrigated village Erancha. Despite non-significant differences in days of employment in farm activities, the gender-based wage differentials persisted and were more pronounced in the non-irrigated village than in irrigated villages.

#Trump #Fakenews #Notmypresident

In the 2016 general elections, a Stanford University study found that American voters shared fake news stories at extraordinary high levels about the leading candidates, adding up to over 30 million times. While the primary researchers for this study noted that this number does not necessarily mean that fake news was persuasive, it suggests its accessibility, readability, and sharing was pervasive in the last election. This chapter looks at media and politics literacy for the millennial voter of color, who scholars describe as having low-levels of information, and media literacy. The irony is this is a group most in need of news and information for making informed decisions, as they are often first-time voters, now engaging with the political process. The classroom at an HBCU is part textbook and part bringing textbook to life, contextualizing the past and the present, and engaging young minds for making a positive difference in society.

Positive Education with Disadvantaged Students

If anyone needs positive education, it is young people who struggle with adversities in their lives and for whom the school may be their only place of refuge, stability, and welcome. Students who experience challenging life events often do not learn or behave well at school, and as a consequence may be marginalised, punished, or even excluded. These pupils then learn that they are unwanted and worthless. This can have a far-reaching impact not only on these young people, but also on others at the school and our future communities. This chapter outlines major issues that young people are facing across the world, associated outcomes, protective factors, and how schools can help. We include case studies at the school, city, and community levels, describing actions to address the needs of disadvantaged students and the impact these are having, illustrating specific aspects of positive education that can make a difference and may help to break negative intergenerational cycles. What we have learned through these studies makes a positive difference; what is good practice for disadvantaged young people is invariably good practice for all students.