scholarly journals Archaeological EXCAVATIONS OF THE MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENT MATLAS IN THE MOUNTAINOUS AREA OF DAGESTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 132-157
Author(s):  
Mikhail V. Krivosheev ◽  
Artur I. Taymazov ◽  
Liliya V. Yavorskaya ◽  
Abdula M. Abdulaev
Keyword(s):  
Stone Tools ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Metal Products

The article is devoted to the results of preserving archaeological research of the Matlas settlement, located on the western tip of the Khunzakh plateau, in the Khunzakh region, in the Midland Dagestan. The total area of the study was 406 square meters. As a result of the work, the foundations of the walls of stone buildings, probably residential and economic structures, were fixed. In addition, a piece of land, used for farming, was fixed. The cultural layer of the settlement contains fragments of various metal products, fragments of glass bracelets, stone products, ceramics, including fragments of glazed vessels, and numerous animal bones. An open complex of buildings dates from the XI-XII centuries, basing on chronological indicators (glazed ceramics and glass bracelets).Matlas settlement was a stationary settlement. This is indicated by the presence in the cultural layer of a large number of fragments of ceramic dishes, bones of domestic animals, individual finds related to human everyday activities (stone tools, millstone details, fragments of glass jewellery, and rare finds of metal objects). The presence of pig bones in the archeozoological material is an additional indicator of the settled life. Findings of millstone fragments indicate the cultivation of grain by its inhabitants. The prevalence of cattle bones in the layers of the settlement suggests the presence of cattle breeding, most likely distant one.Archaeological material, obtained during the excavations of the Matlas settlement, is significant for characterizing the culture, life and economic activities of the population of the mountainous area of medieval Dagestan.

scholarly journals Traceological Study of Stone Tools in the Settlement of Saka Time Abilay, Central Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (37) ◽  
pp. 182-199
Author(s):  
Arman Z. Beisenov ◽  
◽  
Igor V. Gorashchuk ◽  
Daniyar B. Duysenbay ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Metal Products ◽  
First Time ◽  
Excavation Area ◽  
Karaganda Region

According to modern data, about 60 small settlements have been discovered on the territory of Central Kazakhstan, dating back to the time of the Tasmola culture (VIII–V centuries BC). Since 2016, annual excavations have been carried out at the Abylai settlement, which is located in the Karaganda region. In the excavation area, in addition to fragments of pottery and animal bones, over 480 stone tools were found. In the fall of 2020, for the first time, traceological studies of stone tools were carried out, the results of which are reflected in this article. Of the 150 copies, 139 were identified as functions. Of these, 130 tools were used in various industries. According to quantitative data, tools for cultivating the land are in first place – 57.3%, followed by tools for processing vegetation (24.5%), leatherworking (10.2%), for straightening metal products (whetstones, 8%). It is planned to continue the ongoing research on stone tools.

A Short Survey of Yemeni Sufism from Its Inception up to the Thirteenth Century

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Short Survey ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Intellectual Activities

This paper analyzes the historical conditions of Yemen’s Sufi movement from the beginning of Islam up to the rise of the Rasulid dynasty in the thirteenth century. This is a very difficult task, given the lack of adequate sources and sufficient academic attention in both the East and theWest. Certainly, a few sentences about the subject can be found scattered in Sufi literature at large, but a respectable study of the period’s mysticism can hardly be found.1 Thus, I will focus on the major authorities who first contributed to the ascetic movement’s development, discuss why a major decline of intellectual activities occurred in many metropolises, and if the existing ascetic conditions were transformed into mystical tendencies during the ninth century due to the alleged impact ofDhu’n-Nun al-Misri (d. 860). This is followed by a brief discussion ofwhat contributed to the revival of the country’s intellectual and economic activities. After that, I will attempt to portray the status of the major ascetics and prominent mystics credited with spreading and diffusing the so-called Islamic saintly miracles (karamat). The trademark of both ascetics and mystics across the centuries, this feature became more prevalent fromthe beginning of the twelfth century onward. I will conclude with a brief note on the most three celebrated figures of Yemen’s religious and cultural history: Abu al-Ghayth ibn Jamil (d. 1253) and his rival Ahmad ibn `Alwan (d. 1266) from the mountainous area, andMuhammad ibn `Ali al-`Alawi, known as al-Faqih al-Muqaddam (d. 1256), from Hadramawt.

A Short Survey of Yemeni Sufism from Its Inception up to the Thirteenth Century

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Muhammad Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Twelfth Century ◽  
Ninth Century ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Short Survey ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Intellectual Activities

This paper analyzes the historical conditions of Yemen’s Sufi movement from the beginning of Islam up to the rise of the Rasulid dynasty in the thirteenth century. This is a very difficult task, given the lack of adequate sources and sufficient academic attention in both the East and theWest. Certainly, a few sentences about the subject can be found scattered in Sufi literature at large, but a respectable study of the period’s mysticism can hardly be found.1 Thus, I will focus on the major authorities who first contributed to the ascetic movement’s development, discuss why a major decline of intellectual activities occurred in many metropolises, and if the existing ascetic conditions were transformed into mystical tendencies during the ninth century due to the alleged impact ofDhu’n-Nun al-Misri (d. 860). This is followed by a brief discussion ofwhat contributed to the revival of the country’s intellectual and economic activities. After that, I will attempt to portray the status of the major ascetics and prominent mystics credited with spreading and diffusing the so-called Islamic saintly miracles (karamat). The trademark of both ascetics and mystics across the centuries, this feature became more prevalent fromthe beginning of the twelfth century onward. I will conclude with a brief note on the most three celebrated figures of Yemen’s religious and cultural history: Abu al-Ghayth ibn Jamil (d. 1253) and his rival Ahmad ibn `Alwan (d. 1266) from the mountainous area, andMuhammad ibn `Ali al-`Alawi, known as al-Faqih al-Muqaddam (d. 1256), from Hadramawt.

The Study of Osteological Materials in the Plains

1956 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore E. White
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
American Antiquity ◽  
The People ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
Fair Degree ◽  
Game Animals

Many archaeological sites in the Missouri Valley have produced large quantities of unworked animal bones. Most of these “food” bones are mammalian, with some bird, turtle, and fish. Recent studies by Lehmer (1952; 1954) and the series of studies by the author in American Antiquity (Vols. 17, 19, and 21) indicate that this material has important cultural implications which should not be overlooked. First of all, it is desirable to review briefly some of the questions which can be answered by study of the unworked bone.1. Did the people exercise any choice in the age of the animals they killed? This question can be determined with a fair degree of probability only with the mammals. An estimate of the age can be determined from the teeth (whether they are deciduous or permanent, and by the amount of wear) and from the relation of the epiphyses to the diaphyses. Criteria for these estimates, applicable to the larger game animals, are given in standard textbooks of the anatomy of the domestic animals.

scholarly journals Findings on Kupchegen-1 Settlement (Central Altai)

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-33
Author(s):  
Konstantinov N. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Altai Republic ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Additional Material ◽  
Main Layer ◽  
Armor Plate ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
The Village

Abstract: The paper presents the results of the chronological attribution of a complex of objects obtained during exploration work at the Kupchegen-1 settlement, located on the outskirts of the village of the same name in the Ongudai district of the Altai Republic. The settlement is located on a small site in a closed hollow, in the place of a seasonal watercourse. Due to this location, the cultural layer of the site is destroyed by a large gully, in which the locals collected lifting material in the form of fragments of ceramic vessels, iron products, animal bones and pieces of slag. In 2020, the ravine was cleaned up and additional material was obtained, allowing the dating of the main layer of the settlement. Based on the consideration of analogies of individual finds, in particular, an iron armor plate, a ceramic complex and a blank quiver loop, the materials of the settlement were tentatively dated to the 9th-13th centuries AD. It is possible that the materials received also contain a few items related to other periods. The studied complex can become a reference for the study of the settlements of the Turkic and pre-Mongol times of Altai. Keywords: settlement; Middle Ages; Turkic time; pre-Mongol time; ceramics; quiver; armor plate Acknowledgements: The research was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 20–78–00035).

scholarly journals Animal Bones and Bone Artefacts from the Viking Age Site of Tornimäe in Saaremaa

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 41-58
Author(s):  
Heidi Luik ◽  
Liina Maldre
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Viking Age ◽  
Wild Game ◽  
Fish Bones ◽  
Metal Artefacts ◽  
Animal Bones

Archaeological investigations in Tornimäe in the eastern part of the island Saaremaa took place in 1963, 1968 and 2004. Artefacts found during the excavations are mainly dated to the Viking Age. Most of the finds are pottery shards, some metal artefacts were found, and also animal bones. The majority of mammal bones are bones of domestic animals. Nearly half of these are caprine bones, bones of cattle, pig and horse are less numerous. Wild game bones are few, only seals were hunted more often. Bird and fish bones are also represented. Only a few bone artefacts were among the finds, more fragments of bone items were found among the animal bones during the identification of osteological material. The bone artefacts found in Tornimäe are rather simple items which do not require special skills from the bone worker and could have been made by the users of these artefacts. The uses of bone artefacts are well suited with the location of the site at the seashore.

Bone ice skates in the medieval Novgorod (based on archaeological research of the Institute of Archaeology RAS in 2018–2019)

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-118
Author(s):  
Oleg Oleynikov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Instrumental Study ◽  
Working Surface ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Small Bone ◽  
Tubular Bones

The article summarizes available information on bone ice skates and presents the results of research and classification of the collection of skates of the 11th–15th centuries found by the Novgorod Expedition of the Institute of Archaeology RAS. Medieval ice skates are small bone runners made from the tubular bones of large domestic animals. All objects show traces of the specific processing of original bones: cut off epiphyses and a flattened plantar side (sliding surface). The amount of accumulated archaeological material, instrumental study of wear pattern on the working surface, experiments in the use and manufacture of skates, numerous ethnographic parallels in the use of bone skates in a number of countries almost up to the present day, as well as the fact of skating on bone shoes recorded in a 12th century source, make it safe to say that, in functional terms, ice skating was one of the forms of winter pastime and was a part of the Novgorod dwellers’ everyday life.

The Middens at Tora Nju and Their Adjacent Stone Enclosure

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin N Wilmsen ◽  
James R Denbow
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Stone Tools ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Radiocarbon Dates ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grain Bins

Abstract Tora Nju is the local name for a collapsed stone walled enclosure situated approximately 20km from Sowa Spit, 200 m south of the Mosetse River, and 7 km east of the present strandline of Sowa Pan. The site that takes its name from this ruin includes several midden areas containing pottery, stone tools, and faunal remains along with house structures and grain bins. Excavations were carried out in parts of all these site components. The middens contained a moderately rich suite of materials including sherds, glass and shell beads, metal, and animal bones. The enclosure, however, yielded very little. Consequently, we concentrate here first on the middens before turning to the enclosure. Typical Khami vessel forms predominate throughout the midden stratigraphy; a few midden sherds are comparable with Lose wares in part contemporary with Khami ceramics. A possible earlier Leopard’s Kopje presence is also indicated. Glass beads characteristic of Khami Indo-Pacific series were also recovered from all midden levels. Three charcoal samples yielded contradictory radiocarbon dates for the middens, and we have no direct means for dating the enclosure. We evaluate evidence for a takeover of Sowa salt production by the Khami state sometime in the early 15th century. Finally, we examine historical records and incorporate current linguistic and dna studies of Khoisan and Bantu speakers to illuminate the social history of the Tora Nju region.

Wolves, Archaeologists, and the Origin of Dogs

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Pierotti ◽  
Brandy R. Fogg
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Social Bonding ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Early Evidence ◽  
Alternate Possibility ◽  
Physical Changes

This chapter focuses on archaeological research and its role in explaining the transformation from wolf to dog, addressing why this topic is controversial: the tendency to identify wolf remains found in archaeological sites as evidence of either interlopers or human killing overshadows the alternate possibility of social bonding between humans and wolves. This probably has prevented appreciation of considerable early evidence of relationships between humans and wolves before the latter became sufficiently phenotypically distinct (“doglike”) to be recognized as domestic animals shaped by humans. Some archaeologists do not acknowledge the possibility that humans interacted with and coevolved with wolves for thousands of years without generating significant phenotypic change in either species, and thus early wolves living with or cooperatively hunting with humans probably go unrecognized by scholars looking only at obvious physical changes.

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