scholarly journals Animal Bones and Bone Artefacts from the Viking Age Site of Tornimäe in Saaremaa

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 41-58
Author(s):  
Heidi Luik ◽  
Liina Maldre
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Viking Age ◽  
Wild Game ◽  
Fish Bones ◽  
Metal Artefacts ◽  
Animal Bones

Archaeological investigations in Tornimäe in the eastern part of the island Saaremaa took place in 1963, 1968 and 2004. Artefacts found during the excavations are mainly dated to the Viking Age. Most of the finds are pottery shards, some metal artefacts were found, and also animal bones. The majority of mammal bones are bones of domestic animals. Nearly half of these are caprine bones, bones of cattle, pig and horse are less numerous. Wild game bones are few, only seals were hunted more often. Bird and fish bones are also represented. Only a few bone artefacts were among the finds, more fragments of bone items were found among the animal bones during the identification of osteological material. The bone artefacts found in Tornimäe are rather simple items which do not require special skills from the bone worker and could have been made by the users of these artefacts. The uses of bone artefacts are well suited with the location of the site at the seashore.

scholarly journals Morphology of various strains of the trypanosome causing disease in man in Nyasaland. I.–The human strain

1913 ◽  
Vol 86 (587) ◽  
pp. 285-302 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Sleeping Sickness ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
General Idea ◽  
Glossina Morsitans ◽  
African Species ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Wild Game

In order to gain a general idea of this important species of trypanosome, it will be necessary to study as many individual strains as possible. It may be thought unnecessary to describe each strain so much in detail, but without this it will be impossible to get any order out of the chaos which rules at present in the classification of the African species of trypanosomes pathogenic to man and the domestic animals. Up to the present the Commission have only had an opportunity of working with five human strains. Four of these are from natives infected in the Sleeping-Sickness Area, Nyasaland, the fifth from an European who contracted the disease in Portuguese East Africa. It is intended, in later papers, to describe five strains from wild game and the same number from the tsetse fly, Glossina morsitans .

A comparative study of radiocarbon dating on terrestrial organisms and fish from Qinghai Lake in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, China

The Holocene ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (11) ◽  
pp. 1712-1719 ◽  
Author(s):  
E ChongYi ◽  
YongJuan Sun ◽  
XiangJun Liu ◽  
Guangliang Hou ◽  
ShunChang Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Qinghai Lake ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Fish Bones ◽  
Northeastern Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Gymnocypris Przewalskii ◽  
The Difference

Qinghai Lake is the largest lake on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and in China and has been a focus of paleoenvironmental and climatic research for decades. However, limited understanding of lake 14C reservoir effects (LRE) has led to inconsistent interpretations among proxies of different sediment cores. As such, the onset of LRE variability during the Holocene is still unclear. 14C dating of archeological samples from four locations (Gangcha, Shaliuheqiaoxi, and Shinaihai sites, and Niaodao section) including naked carp ( Gymnocypris przewalskii, Kessler) fish bones, animal bones and teeth, and charcoal was employed to estimate variations in LRE over the last few thousand years. LRE offsets calculated as the difference between LRE of animal bones and fish bones are more reliable than that of charcoal and fish bones due to the ‘old wood’ effect in charcoal. LRE offsets recorded in fish bones were ~0.5, ~0.6, and ~0.7 ka during the periods of 3.0–3.4 cal ka BP, 0.58–0.60 cal ka BP, and modern lake times, respectively, which may indicate a temporal minimum LRE offset. Unlike the wide spatial variations of LRE ages obtained from surface total organic carbon (TOC) samples of the modern Qinghai Lake, LRE offsets from the three contemporaneous locations in Qinghai Lake were all ~0.5 ka, suggesting efficient carbon mixing occurred in naked carp. However, the late-Holocene (~3.1 ka BP) LRE increased slightly with increasing salinity and decreasing lake level.

The Study of Osteological Materials in the Plains

1956 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore E. White
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
American Antiquity ◽  
The People ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
Fair Degree ◽  
Game Animals

Many archaeological sites in the Missouri Valley have produced large quantities of unworked animal bones. Most of these “food” bones are mammalian, with some bird, turtle, and fish. Recent studies by Lehmer (1952; 1954) and the series of studies by the author in American Antiquity (Vols. 17, 19, and 21) indicate that this material has important cultural implications which should not be overlooked. First of all, it is desirable to review briefly some of the questions which can be answered by study of the unworked bone.1. Did the people exercise any choice in the age of the animals they killed? This question can be determined with a fair degree of probability only with the mammals. An estimate of the age can be determined from the teeth (whether they are deciduous or permanent, and by the amount of wear) and from the relation of the epiphyses to the diaphyses. Criteria for these estimates, applicable to the larger game animals, are given in standard textbooks of the anatomy of the domestic animals.

Diet and Chronology of Neolithic-Eneolithic Cultures (from 6500 to 4700 cal BC) in the Lower Volga Basin

Radiocarbon ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 1597-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Vybornov ◽  
M Kulkova ◽  
P Kosintsev ◽  
V Platonov ◽  
S Platonova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Lipid Analysis ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Ancient People ◽  
Cooked Food

ABSTRACTDuring the last several years, new multi- and single-layered archaeological sites, in which the most ancient Neolithic pottery in the Eastern Europe had been found, were excavated in the region of Lower Volga. Animal bones and organic materials were sampled from these sites for radiocarbon (14C) dating and diet investigations. The evidence from these studies suggests that the first domestic animals in the Lower Volga region appeared in the Cis-Caspian culture of the Early Eneolithic. Lipid analysis of food crusts from pottery allowed the cooked food to be characterized. The detailed chronology from Neolithic (6500–5400 cal BC) to Eneolithic (5300–4700 cal BC) cultures, as well as the diet of these ancient people, were reconstructed.

scholarly journals Cutaneous fibroma in the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 243-249
Author(s):  
Branislav Kureljusic ◽  
Bozidar Savic ◽  
Radisa Prodanovic ◽  
Dusko Cirovic
Keyword(s):  
Direct Contact ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Skin Neoplasms ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Viral Etiology ◽  
Game Meat ◽  
Wild Game ◽  
The Family ◽  
Histological Characteristics

Fibromas present very frequent skin neoplasms in different species of wild game of the family Cervidae. Viral etiology of skin neoplasms was proven in certain species of wild game from this family, with the most frequent diagnoses being: fibromas, ossifying fibromas, fibrosarcomas, multiple neurofibromatosis, fibropapillomas, and papillomas. The diagnozed tumor in the roe deer had the histological characteristics of a polimorphous fibroblast, which is not the case with domestic animals. This finding can be considered as a characteristic of fibromas in animals of the family Cervidae. Solitary fibroma or multiple fibroma (fibromatosis) does not present a significant cause of deer deaths, but they cause concern among hunters who are in direct contact with them. Although fibromas do not lead to spoilage of game meat, they are esthetically repellent and people are reluctant to consume meat of such game.

scholarly journals Veitstu hvé blóta skal? The Old Norse blót in the Light of Osteological Remains from Frösö Church, Jämtland, Sweden

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 223-250
Author(s):  
Ola Magnell ◽  
Elisabeth Iregren
Keyword(s):  
Brown Bear ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Old Norse ◽  
Viking Age ◽  
Summer Solstice ◽  
Late Autumn ◽  
Human Bones ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Seasonal Analysis ◽  
Written Sources

The osteological remains from Frösö Church, Jämtland, have been re-analysed in order to understand the Viking Age rituals at the site and to study the blót, the Old Norse sacrifice and feast. Radiocarbon analyses of ani- mal and human bones date the rituals to the late Viking Age. A taphonomic study shows that especially brown bear and pig were of importance in the rituals. Butcher- ing marks reveal the processing of the carcasses as well as feasting. Further, bones and not whole carcasses seem to have been deposited on the ground. Human remains have been treated differently from the animal bones and may represent disturbed burials rather than sacrifices. Seasonal analysis indicates that the rituals took place in late autumn, early spring, and possibly around the summer solstice. The results of the osteological analy- ses are also discussed in relation to the written sources about the Old Norse blót.

scholarly journals Trypanosome diseases of domestic animals in Nyasaland. III.—Trypanosoma pecorum

1913 ◽  
Vol 87 (592) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Central Africa ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Tsetse Fly ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Wild Game

This trypanosome has been found in the neighbourhood of the camp at Kasu, in cattle, wild game and wild tsetse flies. In a herd of cattle belonging to the Mvera Mission, which lies about two miles to the east, 32 per cent. were found to be infected by this disease. The mission station is built near the edge of the “fly-country,” and there is little doubt that the cattle were at times exposed to the bite of the “fly.” After the disease had been discovered to be present in the herd the animals were prevented from grazing in the direction of the danger, and since then no new cases have occurred. It is also the species of trypanosome most commonly found in the blood of the wild game in this district, and consequently the tsetse fly is found infected with it more frequently than with any other. It is one of the most important trypanosome diseases of domestic animals in Central Africa, as it affects them all—horses, cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, and dogs. Morphology of Trypanosoma pecorum. The description already given of this species of trypanosome as regards its movements and appearance when alive, its shape, contents of cell, etc., when stained, are applicable to the species as it occurs in Nyasaland and need not be repeated.

scholarly journals Trypanosomes of the domestic animals Nyasaland. I. Trypanosoma simiœ, sp. nov. Part II.—The susceptibility of various animals to T. simiœ

1913 ◽  
Vol 87 (592) ◽  
pp. 48-57 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Wild Game ◽  
Low Country ◽  
Interesting Species

In a previous paper the morphology of this interesting species of trypanosome was described, and it is now proposed to give an account of its action on animals. One of the first interesting points to be noted about this species is that, as far as is known, the warthog ( Phacochœrus œtheopicus ) is the only animal among the wild game of this district which harbours it. It is probable that it will also be found in the blood of the bush-pig, but not a single specimen of this animal has as yet been obtained by the Commission. The warthog is numerous in the low country in this neighbourhood, which accounts for the large number of tsetse flies found to be infected with Trypanosoma simiœ .

Molecular and comparative morphological analysis of central European parasitic flatworms of the superfamily Brachylaimoidea Allison, 1943 (Trematoda: Plagiorchiida)

Parasitology ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 143 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETR HENEBERG ◽  
JILJÍ SITKO ◽  
JIŘÍ BIZOS
Keyword(s):  
18S Rdna ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Central European ◽  
European Species ◽  
Wild Game ◽  
Rdna Its2 ◽  
Comparative Morphological Analysis

SUMMARYThe Brachylaimoidea are digenean parasites of vertebrates, including humans, domestic animals, poultry and wild game. Numerous Brachylaimoidea, particularly adults ofBrachylaimaandLeucochloridium, are difficult to identify to species. We provide and analyse sequences of two nuclear (18S rDNA, ITS2) and two mitochondrial (CO1, ND1) DNA loci of central European species of the Brachylaimoidea, namelyLeucochloridium holostomum, Leucochloridium paradoxum, Leucochloridium perturbatum, Leucochloridium subtilis, Leucochloridium vogtianum, Urotocus rossitensis, Urogonimus macrostomus, Michajlovia migrata, Leucochloridiomorpha lutea, Brachylaima arcuatus, Brachylaima fuscataandBrachylaima mesostoma. We identified three clades in the genusLeucochloridium, which do not correspond to the previously suggested subgeneraNeoleucochloridium, PapilloleucochloridiumandLeucochloridium. We reject classification ofUrotocusandUrogonimusin Leucochloridiinae, and, instead, re-establish the subfamilies Urotocinae and Urogoniminae. We synonymize the genusRenylaimawith the genusBrachylaima. We rejectM. migrataas a member of Leucochloridiinae sensu stricto or Brachylaimidae suggested by some previous authors. We found that the previously sequencedGlaphyrostomumsp. does not cluster with any hitherto sequenced Brachylaimidae. We also provide comparative measurements of the examined central European Brachylaimoidea, address the the specificity of their localization in the host and discuss their host-specific prevalence and intensity of infections based on the extensive dataset of birds examined in 1962–2015.

scholarly journals Archaeological EXCAVATIONS OF THE MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENT MATLAS IN THE MOUNTAINOUS AREA OF DAGESTAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 132-157
Author(s):  
Mikhail V. Krivosheev ◽  
Artur I. Taymazov ◽  
Liliya V. Yavorskaya ◽  
Abdula M. Abdulaev
Keyword(s):  
Stone Tools ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Everyday Activities ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Metal Products

The article is devoted to the results of preserving archaeological research of the Matlas settlement, located on the western tip of the Khunzakh plateau, in the Khunzakh region, in the Midland Dagestan. The total area of the study was 406 square meters. As a result of the work, the foundations of the walls of stone buildings, probably residential and economic structures, were fixed. In addition, a piece of land, used for farming, was fixed. The cultural layer of the settlement contains fragments of various metal products, fragments of glass bracelets, stone products, ceramics, including fragments of glazed vessels, and numerous animal bones. An open complex of buildings dates from the XI-XII centuries, basing on chronological indicators (glazed ceramics and glass bracelets).Matlas settlement was a stationary settlement. This is indicated by the presence in the cultural layer of a large number of fragments of ceramic dishes, bones of domestic animals, individual finds related to human everyday activities (stone tools, millstone details, fragments of glass jewellery, and rare finds of metal objects). The presence of pig bones in the archeozoological material is an additional indicator of the settled life. Findings of millstone fragments indicate the cultivation of grain by its inhabitants. The prevalence of cattle bones in the layers of the settlement suggests the presence of cattle breeding, most likely distant one.Archaeological material, obtained during the excavations of the Matlas settlement, is significant for characterizing the culture, life and economic activities of the population of the mountainous area of medieval Dagestan.

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