Wolves, Archaeologists, and the Origin of Dogs

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Pierotti ◽  
Brandy R. Fogg
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Social Bonding ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Phenotypic Change ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Early Evidence ◽  
Alternate Possibility ◽  
Physical Changes

This chapter focuses on archaeological research and its role in explaining the transformation from wolf to dog, addressing why this topic is controversial: the tendency to identify wolf remains found in archaeological sites as evidence of either interlopers or human killing overshadows the alternate possibility of social bonding between humans and wolves. This probably has prevented appreciation of considerable early evidence of relationships between humans and wolves before the latter became sufficiently phenotypically distinct (“doglike”) to be recognized as domestic animals shaped by humans. Some archaeologists do not acknowledge the possibility that humans interacted with and coevolved with wolves for thousands of years without generating significant phenotypic change in either species, and thus early wolves living with or cooperatively hunting with humans probably go unrecognized by scholars looking only at obvious physical changes.

scholarly journals The southern Jê and adaptation to the wetland areas on the southern of the Araucarias plateau/Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-747
Author(s):  
Jones Fiegenbaum ◽  
Marina Schmidt Dalzochio ◽  
Eduardo Périco ◽  
Neli Teresinha Galarce Machado
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Right

The Jê archeology has witnessed in the last decades a significant increase in information on the pattern of settlement, subsistence, mobility and ceremonial practices as a result of major projects developed in the South Brazilian Plateau. With the beginning of a systemic and procedural view in archeology, interdisciplinary studies in archaeological research are directed to the study on the understanding of human relations with the environment. Between the basins of the Forqueta and Guaporé Rivers, both tributaries of the right bank of the Taquari/Antas River, twenty-one archaeological sites were found with the presence of pit houses associated with Jê groups. Of the twenty-one areas of identified pit houses, nineteen are in areas close to wetlands. In an interdisciplinary perspective, we seek to understand the reasons why Jê groups established settlements close to wetlands. Six criteria were analyzed regarding the installation of pit houses and the proximity to wetlands, namely hydrography, distance from rivers with running water, clinography, terrain slope, hypsometry, altitude in relation to sea level, soils, soil quality, distance from wetlands, and phytoecological region (vegetation cover). The patterns of occupation of Jê groups were analyzed using the Principal Component Analysis technique on the variables presented.

scholarly journals Kreatywność za drutem kolczastym: archeologia i sztuka okopowa z pierwszowojennego obozu jenieckiego w Czersku (woj. pomorskie)

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 105-136
Author(s):  
Dawid Kobiałka
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Prisoner Of War ◽  
The Third ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
Special Category

This article discusses the results of archaeological and anthropological research concerning material remains of a prisoner of war camp in Czersk (Pomeranian province, Poland) (Kriegsgefangenenlager Czersk). In the first part, I sketch a broader historical context related to building and functioning of the camp in forests around Czersk between 1914–1919. After that, the role and meaning of  archaeological research on such type of archaeological sites are presented. In the third part, I focus on a very special category of the camp heritage which is called trench art. The last part of this paper is a case study where an assemblage of objects classified as trench art that was found at the camp is described and interpreted. This text aims at highlighting the value of such prisoners and camp’s heritage. Such material culture is a material memory of extraordinary prisoners’ creativity behind barbed wire. It makes one aware of how every piece of trash, rubbish was re-cycled during day-to-day life behind barbed wire.

Situating the Sites in Chicago

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-53
Author(s):  
Rebecca S. Graff
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Gold Coast ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Anthropogenic Landscapes ◽  
World's Columbian Exposition ◽  
Columbian Exposition

This chapter introduces the two Chicago-based archaeological sites that provide the material signature of this book: Jackson Park, the former site of the 1893 World’s Columbian Exposition; and the Charnley-Persky House, today the headquarters for the Society of Architectural Historians and an operating museum. After an introduction to Chicago’s natural and anthropogenic landscapes and an overview of the Chicago Fair’s predecessor exhibitions and its planning, the chapter provides historical background on Chicago’s Gold Coast, the Charnley family, and their home designed by Adler and Sullivan. Results from archaeological research in Jackson Park (2007, 2008) and at the Charnley-Persky House (2010, 2015) are framed with attention to the elite social networks of wealthy, white, Protestant Chicagoans in whose hands these projects were entangled. The archaeological results from the sites provide a powerful testament to the lasting ties of commerce and concomitant ideology that suffused the forms of both fairscape and home.

Frameworks for Europe’s Past

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Douglas Price
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Small Groups ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Growth And Change ◽  
Early Human ◽  
Prehistoric Time

This book is about the prehistoric archaeology of Europe—the lives and deaths of peoples and cultures—about how we became human; the rise of hunters; the birth and growth of society; the emergence of art; the beginnings of agriculture, villages, towns and cities, wars and conquest, peace and trade—the plans and ideas, achievements and failures, of our ancestors across hundreds of thousands of years. It is a story of humanity on planet Earth. It’s also about the study of the past—how archaeologists have dug into the ground, uncovered the remaining traces of these ancient peoples, and begun to make sense of that past through painstaking detective work. This book is about prehistoric societies from the Stone Age into the Iron Age. The story of European prehistory is one of spectacular growth and change. It begins more than a million years ago with the first inhabitants. The endpoint of this journey through the continent’s past is marked by the emergence of the literate societies of classical Greece and Rome. Because of a long history of archaeological research and the richness of the prehistoric remains, we know more about the past of Europe than almost anywhere else. The prehistory of Europe is, in fact, one model of the evolution of society, from small groups of early human ancestors to bands of huntergatherers, through the arrival of the first farmers to the emergence of hierarchical societies and powerful states in the Bronze and Iron Ages. The chapters of our story are the major ages of prehistoric time (Stone, Bronze, and Iron). The content involves the places, events, and changes of those ages from ancient to more recent times. The focus of the chapters is on exceptional archaeological sites that provide the background for much of this story. Before we can begin, however, it is essential to review the larger context in which these developments took place. This chapter is concerned with the time and space setting of the archaeology of Europe.

The Study of Osteological Materials in the Plains

1956 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodore E. White
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
American Antiquity ◽  
The People ◽  
Animal Bones ◽  
Cultural Implications ◽  
Fair Degree ◽  
Game Animals

Many archaeological sites in the Missouri Valley have produced large quantities of unworked animal bones. Most of these “food” bones are mammalian, with some bird, turtle, and fish. Recent studies by Lehmer (1952; 1954) and the series of studies by the author in American Antiquity (Vols. 17, 19, and 21) indicate that this material has important cultural implications which should not be overlooked. First of all, it is desirable to review briefly some of the questions which can be answered by study of the unworked bone.1. Did the people exercise any choice in the age of the animals they killed? This question can be determined with a fair degree of probability only with the mammals. An estimate of the age can be determined from the teeth (whether they are deciduous or permanent, and by the amount of wear) and from the relation of the epiphyses to the diaphyses. Criteria for these estimates, applicable to the larger game animals, are given in standard textbooks of the anatomy of the domestic animals.

Failaka Archaeological Research Project. Preliminary results after the first season of excavation at the Kharaib el-Desht site in 2013/ Appendix 1: Kharaib el-Desht 2013: pottery. Preliminary report/ Appendix 2: Survey of Kharaib el-Desht Bay on Failaka Island: preliminary report

2016 ◽  
Vol XXIV (1) ◽  
pp. 560-589
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Pieńkowska ◽  
Marta Mierzejewska ◽  
Magdalena Nowakowska
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Educational Opportunities ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Research Project ◽  
Islamic Period ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Failaka Island ◽  
First Time

The site of Kharaib el-Desht on Failaka Island, Kuwait, was explored by an archaeological Kuwaiti–Polish team for the first time in 2013. The project included a survey and underwater archaeological research. Preliminary results indicate a dating of the site to the late Islamic period. Pottery collected from the survey of the site and from the excavations has been studied in a sepearate appendix to this report. As for the underwater and waterfront archaeology project, the main objective was to locate and describe seashore archaeological sites, provide documentary evidence and manage proper preservation of the discoveries in order to further educational opportunities.

Underwater Archaeology of the World Wars

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Neyland
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
World War ◽  
Marine Archaeology ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The U.S

This article describes shipwrecks from the World Wars. For marine archaeology, there are numerous archaeological sites to dive on, research, and analyze. World War II in Europe resulted in staggering losses of shipping and lives. There were changes in naval warfare that resulted from the technological development of weapons capable of sinking ships. This article highlights archaeological research on world war shipwrecks, which focuses on identifying the locations of wrecks and the causes of sinking. The U.S. Navy's wrecks are distributed in every major body of water and represent many questions formulated in World War archaeology. Furthermore, this article highlights the fact that the shipwrecks of the World Wars pose environmental concerns. Shipwreck finds from the World Wars will undoubtedly continue until all the larger ships and notable aircraft have been found, for such is the fascination with discovery and the history of the lost ships and aircraft of those conflicts.

Sleeping with the “Enemy”

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Reeves
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Program ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Metal Detector ◽  
Survey Techniques ◽  
Hands On ◽  
History Of ◽  
Metallic Artifact ◽  
Metal Detectors ◽  
Proper Context

AbstractIn 2012, the Archaeology Department at James Madison’s Montpelier began an experimental program with Minelab Americas to encourage metal detectorists to become more involved in the scientific process of archaeological research. Specifically, the program is designed to be a week-long experience in which archaeologists and metal detectorists work together to identify and preserve archaeological sites at the 2,700-acre Montpelier property. In the process, the metal detector participants are taught the importance of site preservation through background lectures and hands-on field training in which they use their metal detectors as a remote sensing device. Participants learn how gridded metal detector surveys are conducted and the importance of proper context and curation of recovered objects. The team-based approach of our program has resulted in a co-creation process whereby metal detectorists bring to the table their skills in using their machines to identify subtle metallic artifact signals and archaeologists bring the skill of systematic survey techniques to map and record archaeological sites. In the end, teamwork encourages open and frank discussions regarding the interface between metal detecting and the archaeological communities and has gone a long way toward reconciling differences between these two groups who have a long history of strained relations.

scholarly journals The Middle Ages in Pollen-Analytical Research on the Territory of the Czech Republic

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlasta Jankovská
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Analytical Perspective ◽  
Analytical Research

Abstract An orientation survey of mostly the author’s own results of pollen analyses of medieval sediments from archaeological sites in the Czech Republic is presented. The aim of the several-year-long cooperation with archaeologists was to find out whether, and to what extent, the results of pollen analysis are able to specify more exactly the outcomes of archaeological research. Existing pollen-analytical results confirmed their potential to contribute to interdisciplinary archaeological-archaeobotanical research. From a pollen-analytical perspective it was possible to distinguish early medieval material from high medieval material, particularly in the area of larger medieval towns. Selected finds of palynomorphs (pollen grains, spores and Non-Pollen-Palynomorphs) are mentioned in more detail in the chapters “Botany and pharmacy”, “Hygiene and social situation”, “Problems of the age, function and/or disappearance of some archaeological features and situations” and “Pollen analysis and history”.

scholarly journals Regulatory and legal support in the field of providing cultural services to the population

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-138
Author(s):  
Anastasia Aksyutina
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Heritage ◽  
Cultural Services ◽  
Territorial Structure ◽  
Mechanism Of Interaction ◽  
Metal Detectors

The article considers the regulatory basis of providing the population with cultural services, considers the main legal acts in force in the field of culture and arts by legal force, considers the international documents governing the provision of cultural services to the population. The expediency of adopting in the conditions of further implementation of the Concept of reforming the system of providing the population with cultural services the State Program of Development of the National Cultural Space and Providing the Population with Cultural Services, which will provide specific steps -territorial structure of Ukraine indicators and criteria for assessing the quality of cultural services, the mechanism of interaction between executive authorities, local governments and representatives of civil society institutions, exchange of information between them in order to timely adjust public policy to provide quality and affordable cultural services, etc. The expediency of adopting the Law of Ukraine “On Archaeological Services and Circulation of Archaeological Sites” is substantiated, which will contribute to the preservation of the archaeological heritage and the creation of a unified system of its protection, combating illegal excavations and excavations; involve mandatory introduction of licensing for use of metal detectors, geo-scanners and other similar devices designed or adapted to search for metal objects that are essential of the European Convention of Protection of Archaeological Heritage and making regulatory framework of amateur archaeological research, establishing liability for violation of rules of archaeological items circulation. The peculiarities of ensuring the realization of cultural needs of citizens in certain areas, measures of strategic-planning and program-target provision

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