scholarly journals Geotechnical Behavior of Stabilized Dunes Sand by Cement

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Mohamed B. D. Elsawy
Keyword(s):  
Water Immersion ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Foundation Soil ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Stabilized Soil

The dunes sand is wide spread with huge quantities all over the world especially in desert areas near roads. The objective of the current paper is to use dunes sand as a foundation soil under structures instead of utilizing expensive replacement with structural fills. The dunes sand samples were collected from a site outside Tabuk city in the north-west of Saudi Arabia. Several experimental tests were performed on the dunes sand samples such as sieve analysis, standard Proctor compaction, drained direct shear and CBR. The test results indicated that the sand dunes are SP according to USCS. The sand dunes have also low shear strength and CBR value. The bearing ability of the sand dunes became weaker due to water immersion. Therefore, the construction on the non-treated dunes sand is impossible. For the later reason, the dunes sand was stabilized with various ordinary Portland cement fractions ranging from 3% to 15%. Compaction and CBR tests were conducted on the stabilized dunes sand. The maximum dry density increased as the increments of the cement contents accompanying with the decrement of porosity and optimum moisture content. The stabilized dunes sand implied higher CBR values than the non-treated soil.  The CBR values of the stabilized soil increased with increasing cement fractions. The stabilized dunes sand induced very high CBR values after longer curing times for all the utilized cement contents. The stabilized dunes sand using only 3% is considered the optimum design achieving good performance under structures and best economic mix.

Effect of Lime on Compaction, Strength and Consolidation Characteristics of Pontian Marine Clay

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siaw Yah Chong ◽  
Khairul Anuar Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Construction Material ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Stabilization Phase ◽  
Compaction Curve ◽  
Stabilized Soil

Marine clay is a problematic construction material, which is often encountered in Malaysian coastal area. Previous researchers showed that lime stabilization effectively enhanced the engineering properties of clay. For soft clay, both strength and consolidation characteristics are equally important to be fully understood for design purpose. This paper presented the effect of lime on compaction, strength and consolidation characteristics of Pontian marine clay. Compaction, unconfined compression, direct shear, Oedometer and falling head permeability tests were conducted on unstabilized and lime stabilized samples at various ages. Specimens were prepared by compaction method based on 95 percent maximum dry density at the wetter side of compaction curve. It was found that lime successfully increased the strength, stiffness and workability of Pontian marine clay; however, the permeability was reduced. Unconfined compressive strength of stabilized soil was increased by 49 percent at age of 56 days whereas compressibility and permeability was reduced by 48 and 67 percent, respectively. From laboratory tests, phenomenon of inconsistency in engineering characteristics was observed for lime stabilized samples below age of 28 days. This strongly proved that lime stabilized soil underwent modification phase before stabilization phase which provided the long term improvement.

Evaluation of Suitability of Red Clay from Selected Areas of Gercus Formation, Sulaimaniyah, North Iraq, for the Construction of Embankment Dams

2021 ◽  
pp. 3417-3427
Author(s):  
Amera I. Hussain Hussain ◽  
Ibraheem I. Ibraheem
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Embankment Dams ◽  
Filling Materials ◽  
The North ◽  
Geotechnical Assessment

      In this research, a geotechnical assessment was conducted for clay of the Gercus Formation to determine its suitability for embankment dams. The selected area is located in the north of Iraq. Six samples were collected from two sites in Dokan (Sulaimaniyah) and Haibat Sultan mountain (Koysinjaq), three samples each. Various geotechnical (physical, mechanical and chemical) tests were conducted based on standard specifications.      The results of the grain size test of clay samples showed their conformity with Zone C curves and their suitability for the construction of embankment dams, according to the Iraqi standard for roads and bridges.  The results of the plasticity limits test showed that the soil is made of fine, low plasticity silt (ML), and low plasticity clay (CL), according to the unified standard soil classification. The water content and plasticity limit tests (liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index) demonstrated that these clays are conformable with the limits of the Iraqi standards. The results of the modified compaction test found a maximum dry density value of 1.962 g/cm3 with an optimum moisture content of 11.5%. The results of the permeability index (K) revealed low permeability according to the Das classification and, therefore, showed the suitability of the samples as raw filling materials in the construction of dams. Chemical tests (sulfate content, organic materials content, total dissolved salts, gypsum content, and pH value) showed compatibility with the requirements for the use in dams construction under the Iraqi standard (SoRB/ R5).

IV.—Wind Denudation.—Eolites

1875 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 587-588
Author(s):  
T. Mellard Reade
Keyword(s):  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
North West ◽  
Sandy Shore ◽  
The North

I am not aware that any geological notice has been taken of the effect of the wind on a flat sandy shore, further than the simple removal of the sand therefrom, and its collection on the sea-margin in the shape of sand dunes.At the present moment a walk on the shore at Blundellsands has vividly impressed me with the efficacy of this agent—wind—as a denuder.Though I have frequently observed the phenomenon I am about to describe, after continued gales from the North-West, I never saw it displayed in so uniform a manner as now.

Compressive Strength Analysis of Ionic Soil Stabilizer Improving Soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 667 ◽  
pp. 341-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jue Qiang Tao ◽  
Wen Yan Lin ◽  
Xiao Hua Luo ◽  
Xin Qiu ◽  
Jin Hong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Soil Stabilizer ◽  
Limit Test ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Compaction Degree ◽  
Curing Age

To explore the ionic liquid soil stabilizer improved soil mechanical properties, this experiment conducted liquid-plastic limit test and compaction test. On the basis of determining the optimal dosage of ionic soil stabilizer and mastering different mixture optimum moisture content and maximum dry density, the standard sample which consists of the Zhejiang red-brown clay and curing material including ionic soil stabilizer, cement and lime carried out the unconfined compressive strength test in different curing age and compaction degree. This paper analyzed the change reason of compaction and curing age about the stabilized soil. The results show that the ionic soil stabilizer has a significant effect on the compressive strength improvement of stabilized soil. Compared stabilized soil with traditional treatment soil, the compressive strength of stabilized soil has improved obviously with the increase of curing age and compaction degree. Research findings provide useful technical support and practice basis for promoting and applying ionic soil stabilizer in infrastructure construction.

scholarly journals Improvement of cement stabilized structural lateritic with pulverized snail shell

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Oluwaseun Adetayo ◽  
Olugbenga Amu ◽  
Sunday Alabi
Keyword(s):  
Cement Content ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Snail Shell ◽  
Foundation Construction ◽  
Stabilized Soil

AbstractThis study investigated the suitability of pulverized snail shell (PSS) as partial replacement of cement stabilized soil in foundation constructions. Preliminary and engineering tests were carried out on the soil samples. The optimum cement content fixed at 11% in correlation to Unified Soil Classification System, the PSS was introduced at varying percentages of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10%. Results revealed that, addition of PSS and 11% cement to lateritic soil caused a reduction in both liquid limits and plasticity index and an increased in plastic limits for all samples. Engineering tests showed the maximum dry density at optimum cement increased from 1493.34 ± 103.58 kg.m−3 to 1632 ± 435.81 kg.m−3 for sample A; 1476.77 ± 367.51 kg.m−3 to 1668 ± 202.58 kg.m−3 for sample B; 1460.77 ± 623.58 kg.m−3 to 1651 ± 135.45 kg.m−3 for sample C. The CBR recorded highest value at 4%PSS optimum cement for all samples. The addition of pulverized snail shell increased the strength of cement stabilized lateritic soil for structural foundation construction.

scholarly journals Geoelectrical and Geotechnical Characterization of Different Types of Soil in Ede, Osun State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfred N. Igboama ◽  
Olaide S. Hammed ◽  
Maruf T. Aroyehun ◽  
Nicholas U. Ugwu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Soil ◽  
Electrode Spacing ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Geotechnical Investigations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Geoelectrical Resistivity ◽  
Wenner Array

Geoelectrical and geotechnical investigations were carried out to characterize soils from different locations in Ede, Osun State, Nigeria for engineering purposes. Wenner electrode configuration technique was deployed in carrying out the geoelectrical survey of about 40m for each profile. The data analysis was approached by plotting the apparent conductivity against electrode spacing (s) and the result was interpreted.  The geoelectrical resistivity survey revealed locations 1 and 2 with resistivity values of 25.01-419.22ohm-m (conductivity 0.002 - 0.194 (ohm-m)-1and 5.5-1246.57 ohm-m (conductivity = 0.0002 - 0.001 (ohm-m)-1) respectively could be classified as clay. Sample 3 recorded a resistivity value of 1.00- 22,787.39 ohm-m (conductivity= 0.00004- 1.00 (ohm-m)-1) thus, was classified as silt/sand respectively. Soil  from the said different locations in Ede, Nigeria, were tested in the Laboratory for certain properties like Atterberg limits, specific gravities, sieve analysis, compaction test, etc and the results showed that samples 1, 2 and 3 have specific gravity values of 2.50, 2.13 and 2.40 respectively and could therefore be referred to as organic soil. Samples 1, 2 and 3 have maximum dry density (MDD) of 1.45g/cm3­, 1.92g/cm3, 1.95g/cm3 and optimum moisture content (OMC) of 15.40%, 13.36% and 9.61% respectively. The analysis conducted in this study revealed that the soil type found in Ede, Nigeria could be classified as silt-clay, sandy clay, clay and sand.Keywords- Electrical conductivity, Characterization, Compaction, Plasticity, Wenner array.

scholarly journals SOIL STABILIZATION AND IMPROVEMENT OF MARINE CLAYS USING CEMENT AND LIME IN A MARSHLAND

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 08-14
Author(s):  
Youdeowei, P.O. ◽  
Nwankwoala, H.O. ◽  
Ayibanimiworio, G.T
Keyword(s):  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Marine Clay ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Group A ◽  
Marine Clays ◽  
By Products

This study assesses the stabilization of marine clay soil using cement and lime to improve on the subgrade material. The tests conducted include: the natural moisture content, specific gravity, sieve analysis, Atterberg limit, compaction and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). The types of stabilization used were mechanical and chemical. The results obtained were classified using AASHTO classification system and based on the results the soil corresponds to group A-6 soils. The highest CBR values of 33.24% and 424.35% were obtained at 20% cement content for unsoaked and soaked and for lime the highest CBR values were 5.07 and 10.46 for 11% lime content for both unsoaked and unsoaked. Based on the results obtained, the addition of cement and lime to clay soil in the presence of water improved the CBR values for soft clay stabilization for highway construction with low traffic volume. It is therefore concluded that the addition of cement and lime to clay soil improved the bearing capacity and the maximum dry density of the clay soil. Further research should be carried out to examine the effects of industrial by-products on effective clay soil stabilization.

scholarly journals Site characterization for engineering purposes using geophysical and geotechnical techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aderemi A. Alabi
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Atterberg Limits ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Engineering Structures ◽  
Permissible Range ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Electrical Soundings ◽  
Community Area

Abstract Geophysical and geotechnical techniques were applied to determine the suitability of the sub-surface structure of Akole community area, Abeokuta, Nigeria, for the construction of engineering structures (CES). Four vertical electrical soundings (VES) were carried out, and 10 samples from different points at 1 m depth were analysed to determine soil moisture content, specific gravity (SG), Atterberg limits and California bearing ratio (CBR). The geoelectric sections revealed a maximum of five layers with the typical sounding curves of AKH and HKH types. Sieve analysis and tests for compaction limit, Atterberg limits, SG, optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for compaction limit revealed that samples SP2, SP3, SP4, SP6, SP7, SP8, SP9 and SP10 are of low plasticity with SG values that fall within the permissible range, while SP1 and SP5 are of medium plasticity and their SG values fall below the range of standard specifications. CBR analysis showed that SP1 and SP5 have low load-bearing capacities. VES 1 and 2, linked with SP1 and SP5, are considered unstable and unsuitable to support the CES with shallow foundations; however, excavation of weak layers up to a depth of 5 m and reinforcement will enable the support. Določitev primernosti tal za gradnjo inženirskih objektov na območju skupnosti Akole v Nigeriji je bila izvedena s pomočjo uporabe geofizikalnih in geotehničnih metod. Izvedene so bile štiri navpične sondažne geo-električne meritve. Za določitev vlažnosti, specifične teže, konsistenčnih mej in kalifornijskega indeksa nosilnosti (CBR) je bilo preiskanih deset vzorcev tal iz različnih lokacij globine 1 m. Geo-električni prerezi so pokazali maksimalno pet različnih plasti s tipičnimi sondažnimi krivuljami tipa AKH in MKH. Na vzorcih tal z oznakami SP2, SP3, SP4, SP6, SP7, SP8, SP9 in SP10 so bile opravljene sejalna analiza, določitev meje zgoščevanja, določitev konsistenčnih mej, specifična teža, optimalna vlažnost in maksimalna suha gostota za mejo zgoščevanja. Vzorci imajo nizko stopnjo plastičnosti in specifično težo, ki spada v dovoljeno območje. Vzorca tal z oznakami SP1 in SP5 imata srednjo stopnjo plastičnosti in spadata pod območje standardnih zahtev. Preiskava s testom CBR je pokazala, da imata vzorca tal SP1 in SP5 nizko nosilnost na obtežbo. Preiskavi VES 1 in 2 sta prav tako pokazali, da sta vzorca SP1 in SP5 nestabilna ter neprimerna za temeljenje pri gradnji inženirskih objektov s plitvim temeljenjem, čeprav bi z odstranitvijo plasti globine do 5 m in armiranjem dosegli primerno nosilnost za temeljenje.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Lateritic Soil from Selected Locations along Ibadan – Oyo Expressway for Highway Pavement Construction

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (March 2018) ◽  
Author(s):  
O.M Osuolale ◽  
A.A Raheem ◽  
J.R Oluremi ◽  
A.K Adeosun
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Limit ◽  
West African ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Sieve Analysis ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Base Course ◽  
Pavement Construction ◽  
Highway Pavement

A good understanding of the engineering properties of lateritic soil is highly essential for effective use of the soil for highway pavement construction. The alarming rate of highway pavement failures within the study area has been attributed to paucity of information on the properties of the soil within the study zone. Therefore, the lateritic soils along selected locations along Ibadan – Oyo were characterised for their suitability for highway construction. Ten (10) lateritic soil samples were collected and they were labelled Trial Pit (TP) 1 to 10. The samples were subjected to the following laboratory tests: Sieve analysis, Liquid Limit (LL), Plastic Limit (PL), and Shrinkage Limit (SL), British Standard (BS), West African Standard (WAS), Modified AASHTO compaction and California bearing ratio. The samples were classified using AASHTO classification system. The results of the sieve analyses for percentage passing the 75 m ranged from 15.6 – 33.7%, LL, PL and SL ranged from 30.1 – 39.2%, 2.6 – 23.1%, and 2.1 – 9.3%, respectively. The maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture content (OMC) for British, West African and Modified AASHTO compaction ranged from (1.48 – 1.94 g/cm’ and 10.40 – 16.40%), (1.69 – 2.40 g/cm’ and 9.60-14.40%) and (1.79 – 2.60 g/cm’ and 6.60- 11.60%), respectively. The ten samples are classified as A-2-6 soil. Based on the characterisation, all the samples are only suitable for fill and subgrade except sample TP2 that is also suitable for subbase and base course construction in highway pavement.

scholarly journals Perilaku Geser Tanah yang Distabilisasi dengan Abu Ampas Tebu-Semen dan Inklusi Serat Polyester

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
John Tri Hatmoko ◽  
Hendra Suryadharma
Keyword(s):  
Compression Test ◽  
Polyester Fibre ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Unconfined Compression ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Unconfined Compression Test ◽  
Compaction Test ◽  
Curing Period ◽  
High Calcium ◽  
Stabilized Soil

Bagasse ash is a fine residue collected from the burning of bagasse in sugar factory, and it behaves as pozzolanic materials. In addition, engineering behaviour of bagasse ash can be improved by addition of cement containing high calcium. Recently, research about cement stabilized soil is continuously in progress. In this paper, a set of experiment programs were done to investigate the randomly oriented polyester fibre  inclusion in bagasse ash-cement stabilized soil.  Bagasse ash was mixed with clay in different proportions. To get the optimum curing period,  it was done light compaction test of soil with 8% cement cured with 7, 14, 21, 28 and 36 days curing period,  that was found on 28 days. The next experiment was compaction test on soil + 8% cement + 3,6,9 and 12% bagasse ash to obtain optimum bagasse ash proportion. The result indicated that optimum bagasse ash content was 9%. To ensure this result, unconfined compression test was done on the same sample. Finally, light compaction, unconfined compression and direct shear tests were done on : soil + 8% cement + 9% bagasse ash +  polyester fibre with 28 days curing period. The results showed that maximum dry density and optimum moisture content was not influenced by fibre inclusion, whereas the increase of shear strength of stabilized soil with fibre inclusion  was mainly due to improvement of internal friction angle. In unconfined compression test, the unconfined compression strength of stabilized soil was significantly improved by fibre inclusion.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document