Nutritional Quality Of Fermented Oil Palm Press Fiber By Local Microorganism

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-158
Author(s):  
Anton Wicaksono ◽  
Yunilas ◽  
T H Wahyuni
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Fermentation Time

Oil palm press fibre is a byproduct of agro-industry that has a low nutrient content. To improve the nutritional quality of oil palm press fibre, it is carried out with biological processing techniques utilizing the work of indigenous microorganisms derived from local microorganisms of it. The research was conducted experimentally using a completely  randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern with 2 factors (3 x 3), namely first factor such as dose of local microorganisms (D 1 = 1%, D 2 = 3% andD 3 = 5%) and second factor such as long of fermentation (L1 = 7 days, L2 = 14 days and L3 = 21 days), with 3 replications. The parameters of this study consisted of the nutritional content of oil palm press fibre fermented such as moisture, dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, ash, and BETN. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the combination of treatment with a dose of local microorganisms 5% and fermentation time of 14 days had a significant effect (P<0.05) in increasing crude protein content and did not have a vegetable effect (P>0.05) in increasing the dry matter content and BETN and reducing water content. , crude fat, crude fiber and ash. Giving various doses of local microorganisms and fermentation time can increase crude protein content and have not been able to increase dry matter and BETN content and reduce moisture content, crude fiber and ash.

Quality of sorghum silage in the feed-out period: evaluation of hybrids, silo layers, and mass structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Neumann ◽  
Egon Henrique Horst ◽  
João Restle ◽  
Eduardo Rodrigues de Almeida ◽  
André Martins de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Sorghum Silage

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the chemical and fermentation quality of silage from two sorghum hybrids in different layers of the silo feed-out face, as well as the interference of the aerobic exposure time of structured and/or unstructured silo face (after feed-out). The AG-2005E hybrid silage presented higher crude protein content and higher pH compared to hybrid AG-60298 (6.33% and 4.0 versus 6.06% and 3.8, respectively). Silages from stratum 0 to 20cm had the lowest dry matter content and the highest crude protein content (38% and 6.35%, respectively). The pH did not differ between layers, and the NH3 content was higher in the stratum 60 to 80cm (4.5%). During 72 hours of aerobic exposure, the unstructured silage presented a higher increase in temperature than the silage from the structured face, but this period was not enough to result in differences in dry matter, mineral matter, NH3, and pH. The chemical and fermentation quality of the silage was directly influenced by hybrid and silo stratum. After aerobic exposure, silage from the structured face seems to suffer less interference compared to the silo feed-out face.

scholarly journals Effect of harvesting time on forage yield and quality of maize

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Violeta Mandic ◽  
Zorica Bijelic ◽  
Vesna Krnjaja ◽  
Aleksandar Simic ◽  
Maja Petricevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Maize Hybrid ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Yield And Quality

Maize is the very important silage source in the world. Timely harvesting ensure high maize forage yield and quality. Therefore, the study focused on the effects of four harvesting times (starting at the 12 August every 7 days) on yield and qualitative parameters of forage green mass of maize hybrid ZP 677. The experiment was set in Vojvodina Province, Serbia, during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, ear percentage, forage yield, dry matter content and crude protein content were higher, while stem percentage was lower in 2014 with favorable climatic condition. Forage yield, crude protein content, ADF and NDF decreased, while dry matter content significantly increased with delay in harvesting. The maize hybrid should be harvested when the milk line is three-quarter of the way down the grain that is in the third decade of August.

scholarly journals THE YIELD STABILITY AND QUALITY OF LEGUMES DURING TWO CONSECUTIVE, EXTREMELY DRY YEARS

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 167-177
Author(s):  
Miriam Kizeková ◽  
Ján Tomaškin ◽  
Jozef Čunderlík ◽  
Ľubica Jančová ◽  
Janka Martincová
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Herbage Quality

Abstract This study highlights the effect of drought and ambient temperature on performance and herbage quality of legume monocultures and grass-legume mixtures. In a field experiment, the total dry matter yield, seasonal pattern of dry matter yield distribution, content of crude protein and crude fibre of monocultures of red clover and alfalfa and grass-legume mixtures were investigated during two consecutive dry years (2011-2012). Alfalfa cultivars Kamila and Tereza grown as monocultures or as mixtures with Festulolium braunii (cultivar Achilles) outperformed the red clover cultivars Fresko and Veles and provided a well-balanced total and seasonal dry matter yield during both years. Across all experimental years, crude protein content was significantly higher at alfalfa monocultures and mixture when compared with clover monocultures (P < 0.05). However, considerable lower content of crude fibre at clover monocultures in comparison with alfalfa ones was found. Responses of nutritive parameters of both legume species to weather variables were different. Crude protein content in red clover was independent of rainfall and temperature. In contrast, the crude fibre content correlated with temperature whereby the alfalfa monocultures showed stronger correlations (P < 0.05) than red clover monocultures.

YIELD AND QUALITY OF SOME KALE-CORN COMBINATIONS

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 807-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. FULKERSON
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Corn Stover ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Row Width

Midas marrowstem kale (Brassica oleracea L.) was grown in different row width associations with United 106 corn (Zea maize L.) in two studies and ensiled in different moisture blends with corn stover in another. Highest dry matter yields were obtained where a single row of kale was grown at 30 cm to the side of a corn row. This combination also provided the lowest moisture content feed and the highest in vitro digestibility and crude protein content. Changing the corn row width had no significant effect upon yield, plant height, in vitro digestibility, kale leaf or corn ear content. Blending kale with corn stover to provide a silage of about 70% moisture increased the digestibility and protein content of the feed and provided a silage that kept well in storage.

scholarly journals Quality properties of sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) silages

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-320
Author(s):  
Gülcan Demi̇roğlu Topçu ◽  
Şükrü Sezgi̇ Özkan
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Sunn Hemp

Maize is an ideal forage crop for ensilage because of its high levels of fermentable carbohydrates, although it is low in protein. Sunn hemp is a legume with a high crude protein content with potential to be used in combination with maize to provide a silage with a higher protein content. Different percentages of sunn hemp-maize mixtures of 80-20, 60-40, 40-60 and 20-80 respectively were compared to silages of sole maize and sunn hemp. In the laboratory study, DLG classifications (color, smell, structure, total score and quality class), silage loss (%), silage pH, dry matter content, flieg score, crude protein content, crude ash content, NDF, ADF, metabolic energy (MJ kg-1 DM), dry matter intake, percent digestible dry matter and relative feed value were determined at the end of 60 days ensilage. The crude protein contents of silages increased as the sunn hemp ratio in the mixtures increased. In addition, pure sunn hemp silage and mixtures, especially 80% sunn hemp mixed with 20% maize, were found suitable for silage and it was concluded that sunn hemp and sunn hemp-maize silage mixtures could be used in animal husbandry.

Nutritive values of soybean silages ensiled with maize at different rates

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emine Budakli Carpici
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Fresh Plant Material ◽  
Glycine Max L

One of the major uses of soybean crops (Glycine max (L.) Merril) is as silage. However, due to its unpleasant odour and relatively high butyric acid content, soybean silage is not readily preferred by animals. Because it does not have a regular fermentation, easily fermented forage resources are needed to obtain quality silage. To improve the quality of the silage, soybeans can be mixed with an appropriate amount of maize (Zea mays L.). In this study, we examined the quality and properties of maize (M) and soybean (S) silages of different mixtures (100 % M, 100 % S, 10 % S + 90 % M, 20 % S + 80 % M, 30 % S + 70 % M, 40 % S + 60 % M, 50 % S + 50 % M, 60 % S + 40 % M, 70 % S + 30 % M, 80 % S + 20 % M and 90 % S + 10 % M). For this purpose, each plant species was grown separately, and the maize was harvested when the plants reached the doughy stage. The harvest was performed using a single row maize harvester that chops the plants into 1.5-2 cm pieces. The fresh plant material from each species was then mixed in different proportions and squeezed before being transferred to 1.5 L anaerobic jars (Le Parfait, France). The jars were opened after a 60-day ensiling period. Then, the dry matter rate, pH, silage loss, fleig point, crude protein content, ADF content and NDF content of the silages were determined. The results showed that an increase in soybean rate in the mixture decreased the dry matter rate. Conversely, the silage pH, crude protein content and ADF content increased. Our results suggested that producing quality silage required the soybean material to be mixed with a minimum of 50 % maize.

Effect of grazing simulation on forage hay and grain yields of spring barleys in a low rainfall environment

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 587-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. Droushiotis
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Forage Yields ◽  
D Value

SummaryA 4–year experiment was conducted at two sites in each year to evaluate some of the effects of five harvesting treatments on the forage and grain production and quality of four spring barleys sown in November and grown under rainfed conditions. A single harvest during the growing season at the milk stage of grain produced the highest herbage drymatter and digestible yields.One harvest at tillering reduced significantly the plant height, grain production and dry-matter yields of straw and hay, while the digestibility of the organic matter in the dry matter (D-value) and the crude-protein content of straw, crudeprotein content of grain and the number of tillers were not affected. The weighted mean of D-value and crude-protein content of herbage was increased when a ‘grazing’ cut was taken prior to harvest. In addition lodging was eliminated. Three or four harvests during the growing season resulted in very low forage yields of otherwise excellent quality.

Genotype, Environment and Rainfall effects on Vetch Varieties in a Semi-Arid Region

1978 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hadjichristodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Semi Arid

SUMMARYForage production of common vetch in semi-arid Mediterranean regions can be increased by varietal improvement. Dry matter content and crude protein yield were affected by environment more than crude protein content and harvesting date. Forage produced in environments where plants grew quicker was of lower dry matter content, higher crude protein content but of similar weight as forage produced in late environments. Variations in annual rainfall explained 35 to 76% of the total variation in dry matter yield.

scholarly journals Maize for silage: I. Conservation of whole maize plant for silage with treatment of preservatives and urea before ensiling

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-237
Author(s):  
J. Setälä ◽  
J. Seppälä ◽  
S. Pulli
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fermentation Rate

Maize was harvested with a precision chopper and ensiled in five plastic tower silos, 1 500 kg fodder/silo. The silages and the ensiling methods were: 0.5 % urea per fresh weight (A), 1.0 % urea per fresh weight + Viher-acid 4 1/1000 kg of silage (B), 0.5 % urea per fresh weight + Viher-acid 4 1/1000 kg of silage (C). Viher-acid 4 1/1000 kg of silage (D) and silage without urea or preservatives (E). The dry matter content of the whole maize was 21 % and the crude protein content was 10.8 % in DM. The addition of urea increased the crude protein (N x 6.25) content in A- and C-silages to 17.7 percent and in B-silage to 24.9 percent. The quality of the silages was good, and some marks of butyric acid was found only in the silage ensiled without Viher-acid or urea. The addition of Viher-acid lowered the fermentation rate so that the sugar content of the corresponding silages was higher. The sugar content was higher (P < 0.01) and the content of lactic acid lower (P < 0.001) in the silage ensiled only with Viher-acid. Urea increased the content of lactic acid and the content of acetic acid of the silages. In the silages ensiled with urea the use of Viher-acid tended to lower the fermentation rate. The use of urea increased the NH3-N (P < 0.05) and the soluble N contents (P < 0.001) in the silages. In spite of the low dry matter content of the silages some enrichment of the urea in the lower parts of the silos was only found in the silage ensiled with 1 % of urea (P > 0.05) and Viher-acid. This was due to the larger effluent amount from the silo. The fermentation losses of dry matter were smallest in the silage D (3.9 %) and highest in the silage E (11.6 %) (P < 0.05). The losses in A-, B- and C-silages were 7.6 %, 4.7 % and 9.2 %, respectively. The use of urea decreased the fermentation losses.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS ON THE GROWTH AND QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF SWEET BASIL (OCIMUM BASILICUM L.)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonata Kazlauskaitė ◽  
Audronė Žebrauskienė ◽  
Povilas Mulerčikas ◽  
Ilona Vagusevičienė ◽  
Elena Survilienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Biological Products ◽  
Sweet Basil ◽  
Qualitative Characteristics

Investigation of impact of novel plant origin products on sweet basil has been carried out in 2014–2015. The plants were grown in the poly tunnel. The test on sweet basil quality parameters was carried out in the Laboratory of the Quality of Plant Raw Materials at Aleksandras Stulginskis University applying standardized analysis methods. It has been determined that, the sweet basil comparing with the control grew best in both 2014 (80.1 cm) and 2015 (80.8 cm) when biological products Canelys, Ekoflavon and Ekoflavon + Oleorgan were applied. In 2014, the most significant absolute dry matter content (92.20%) was accumulated using Oleorgan, and in 2015, significantly the highest dry matter content (90.19%) has been accumulated using Ecoflavon + Canelys. The most significant (11.64%) crude fibre content in 2014 has been obtained under Canelys application, while in 2015, significantly the highest result (14.26%) has been collected by the control. Significantly the highest quantity of crude ash (19.44%) in 2014 has been determined when the plants were treated with Canelys, however in 2015, the best result (21.86%) has been obtained after the use of the Oleorgan. The most significant (20.07%) crude protein content in 2014 has been accumulated when the plants were treated with Ekoflavon. Therefore, in 2015 significantly the highest (16.68%) crude protein content was found in the treatment Ekoflavon + Canelys, still the result did not differ significantly from the treatment when only Ecoflavon was used. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of some biological products on the growth and qualitative characteristics of sweet basil.

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