scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ALKANOLAMIDA TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK PEMATANGAN DAN KEKERASAN VULKANISAT KARET ALAM BERPENGISI KAOLIN

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Indah M.S. Sitorus ◽  
Yudha Widyanata ◽  
Indra Surya
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Cure Time

By using a semi-efficient sulphur accelerated vulcanization system, an investigation of the effect of  alkanolamide on cure characteristics and hardness  properties of kaolin-filled natural rubber compounds was carried out. Alkanolamide was synthesized  from Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Stearin (RBDPS) and diethanolamine. Alkanolamide was incorporated into the kaolin filled-natural rubber compound at 1.0; 3.0; 5.0 and 7.0 Parts per-Hundred RubbeR (phr). It was found that alkanolamide gave shorter scorch time and cure time. Alkanolamide also exhibited higher torque different,  crosslink density, and hardnessup to 5.0 phr and then decreased with further increasing the loading of alkanolamide.

Cure Characteristics and Physical Properties of Imperata cylindrica Activated Carbon Filled SMR L Compounding

2015 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 44-48
Author(s):  
M.H. Fatin ◽  
N.Z. Noriman ◽  
Kamarudin Husin ◽  
M.Z. Salihin ◽  
N.R. Munirah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Minimum Torque

The potential of activated carbon as a filler in rubber compound has been reviewed .Cure characteristics and physical properties ofImperataCylindricaactivated carbon filled natural rubber of Standard Malaysian Rubber (SMR L) were studied. SMR L was used as the elastomer and the composition of filler loading were varied from 0-50 parts per hundred rubber (phr). A semi-efficient vulcanization system was used throughout the study. The cure characteristics of the rubber compound was determined by using rheometer. The samples of hardness and resilience were measured by durometer shore A and Wallace Dunlop Tripsometer. Cure characteristics showed that cure time, t90and scorch time,t2increased as increased filler loading which indicate poor interaction between rubber and filler which slow down the vulcanization time. Minimum torque,MLand maximum torque,MHincreased as increased filler loading due to the low processability of the SMR L compounds. Crosslink density and hardness exhibit increment as increased filler loading due to increase rigidity of the SMR L compounds. The resilience will decrease correspondingly as increased in rigidity of the compounds.

scholarly journals CURE CHARACTERISTICS AND CROSSLINK DENSITY OF NATURAL RUBBER/STYRENE BUTADIENE RUBBER BLENDS

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Indra Surya ◽  
Syahrul Fauzi Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Rubber Blends ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

By using a semi-efficient vulcanization system, the cure characteristics and crosslink density of natural rubber/styrene butadiene rubber (NR/SBR) blends were studied with a blend ratio from 0 to 100% rubber. The scorch time, optimum cure time, and torque difference value of the blended rubber compounds were determined by using the Moving-Die Rheometer (MDR 2000). The crosslink density was determined by the Flory—Rehner approach. Results indicate that the scorch and cure times, ts2 and t90, of the NR/SBR blends increased with increasing the SBR content. Whilst, the maximum values of torque difference and crosslink density were performed by the NR/SBR blend with a blend ratio of 75/25.

scholarly journals The effects of alkanolamide addition on cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and tensile properties of silica-filled natural rubber (NR) / chloroprene rubber (CR) blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 01030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Surya ◽  
Syahrul Fauzi Siregar ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Swelling Behaviour ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber

Effects of alkanolamide (ALK) addition on cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and tensile properties of silica-filled natural rubber (NR)/chloroprene rubber (CR) blends were investigated. The ALK was synthesized from Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Stearin (RBDPS) and diethanolamine, and incorporated into the silica-filled NR/CR blends as a non-toxic rubber additive. The ALK loadings were 0.0, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 phr. It was found that the ALK exhibited shorter scorch and cure times and higher elongation at break of the silica-filled NR/CR blends. The ALK also exhibited higher torque differences, tensile modulus and tensile strength at a 1.0 phr of ALK loading and then decreased with further increases in the ALK loading. The swelling measurement proved that the 1.0 phr loading of ALK caused the highest degree in crosslink density of the silica-filled NR/CR blends.

Effect of Ingredient Loading on Vulcanization Characteristics of a Natural Rubber Compound

2015 ◽  
Vol 1125 ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan B. Pajarito
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
High Loading ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Cure Rate ◽  
Used Oil ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Viscous Torque

Rheometric properties of rubber compounds are usually monitored with time during the course of vulcanization at constant temperature. The measured vulcanization characteristics of rubber compound are used for quality control and evaluation of raw materials and product formulations. With the high number of ingredients used in typical formulations, it is important to identify ingredients which significantly affect the vulcanization characteristics of a rubber compound. This study reports the vulcanization characteristics of a natural rubber compound at 60 °C as function of ingredient loading. Rubber sheets are compounded according to a 212-8 fractional factorial design of experiment, where ingredients are treated as factors varied at low and high loadings. Vulcanization curves, which are time plots of elastic torque S’, viscous torque S”, and tan δ = S”/S’, are measured for each rubber sheet using a moving die rheometer. The following responses are then determined from the vulcanization curves for data analysis: minimum elastic torque ML, maximum elastic torque MH, torque difference ∆S = MH – ML, scorch time ts1, cure time t’90, cure rate index CRI = 100/ (t’90 – ts1), S” and tan δ values at ML and MH. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) shows used oil to be the main ingredient affecting vulcanization of the natural rubber compound (ML, MH, ∆S, ts1, S” at ML and MH), followed by sulfur (MH, ∆S, CRI), calcium carbonate CaCO3 (S” at ML, tan δ at MH) and diphenylguanidine DPG (ts1). High loading of used oil lowers the elastic and viscous response of the rubber compound, while increases the time for scorch. Increased loading of sulfur significantly enhances the elastic torque and cure rate of the compound. High loading of CaCO3 improves the viscous response, while DPG significantly shortens the scorch time of the rubber compound.

Curing Characteristics and Tensile Properties of White Fly Ash Filled Natural Rubber Compounds

2014 ◽  
Vol 625 ◽  
pp. 753-756
Author(s):  
Hisyam Mokhtar ◽  
Razif Nordin ◽  
Saidatulakmar Shamsudin ◽  
N.Z. Noriman
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Curing Characteristics ◽  
Cure Time

The effect of white fly ash (WFA) on cure characteristics and tensile properties of natural rubber compounds were investigated in the range of 0 to 30 phr. The size of WFA that is used in this study was 45-75 μm. Based on the result, it is found that the scorch time and cure time decreased with increasing of WFA loading. The tensile strength gradually increased to the maximum at 5 phr WFA. The further increase of WFA loading led to the decrease in tensile strength. Tensile properties such as M100 (stress at 100 % elongation) was gradually increased with the increasing of WFA loading, meanwhile, the elongation break showed a decreasing trend.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ALKANOLAMIDA TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK PEMATANGAN DAN KEKERASAN VULKANISAT KARET ALAM BERPENGISI SILIKA

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Harry Laksana Tampubolon ◽  
Darwis Syarifuddin Hutapea ◽  
Indra Surya
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
System A ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Oil Derivatives

By using a semi-efficient sulfur accelerated vulcanization system, a research about the effect of  the alcanolamide on cure characteristics and hardnes propertiess of natural rubber filled silika and alkanolamide been done. Alcanolamide produced from palm oil derivatives reacted with dietanolamine. Alcanolamide aaded  into  rubber  with levels 1.0, 3.0; 5.0; 7.0; 9.0; phr. It was found that  alcanolamide gave shorter  Scorch time and cure time. Alkanolamide also exhibited higher torque different, tensile moduli, tensile strength, and crosslink density up to  5.0 phr and ten decrease with future increaseing addition of alcanolamide.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ALKANOLAMIDA TURUNAN MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT TERHADAP SIFAT-SIFAT UJI TARIK VULKANISAT KARET ALAM BERPENGISI SILIKA

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darwis Syarifuddin Hutapea ◽  
Harry Laksana Tampubolon ◽  
Indra Surya
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Rubber Compound

By using semi-efficient sulfur accelerated vulcanization sistem, an investigation about function of the alkanolamide as additive material on silica filled natural  rubber was carried out. Alkanolamide was made by reacted between refined bleaching deodorized palm stearin with diethanolamine. Alkanolamide was added  to the natural rubber compound silica filled, which is resulted vulcanizate natural  rubber filled compound and occurring increasing of tensile strength, modulusand crosslinkdensity  up to 5 phr. If was added  more 5 phr, so  reduction of the tensile strength modulus and crosslink density.

Calophyllum Inophyllum Oil as Plasticizer in Natural Rubber Compounds

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Raju ◽  
V. Nandanan ◽  
Sunil K.N. Kutty
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Thermal Studies ◽  
Calophyllum Inophyllum ◽  
Compression Set ◽  
Peak Rate ◽  
Rubber Compounds ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Calophyllum Inophyllum Oil ◽  
Control Compound

Mechanical properties and the thermal degradation characteristics of natural rubber compounds with calophyllum inophyllum oil were compared to that of the control compound containing naphthenic oil. The compounds containing calophyllum inophyllum oil showed improved tensile strength, tear strength, modulus, compression set, abrasion resistance and resilience. Cure time was higher than the naphthenic oil mixes. Thermal studies showed an increase of 8 °C in the temperature of initiation of degradation and an increase of 6 °C in temperature at which the peak rate of degradation occurred. The peak rate of degradation was comparable to the control mix containing naphthenic oil.

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