scholarly journals The effects of alkanolamide addition on cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and tensile properties of silica-filled natural rubber (NR) / chloroprene rubber (CR) blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 01030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Surya ◽  
Syahrul Fauzi Siregar ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Swelling Behaviour ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber

Effects of alkanolamide (ALK) addition on cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and tensile properties of silica-filled natural rubber (NR)/chloroprene rubber (CR) blends were investigated. The ALK was synthesized from Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Stearin (RBDPS) and diethanolamine, and incorporated into the silica-filled NR/CR blends as a non-toxic rubber additive. The ALK loadings were 0.0, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 phr. It was found that the ALK exhibited shorter scorch and cure times and higher elongation at break of the silica-filled NR/CR blends. The ALK also exhibited higher torque differences, tensile modulus and tensile strength at a 1.0 phr of ALK loading and then decreased with further increases in the ALK loading. The swelling measurement proved that the 1.0 phr loading of ALK caused the highest degree in crosslink density of the silica-filled NR/CR blends.

scholarly journals Cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and tensile properties of carbon black-filled Natural Rubber (NR)/Chloroprene Rubber (CR) blends in the presence of alkanolamide

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 12005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Surya ◽  
Mimpin Ginting ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Black ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Swelling Behaviour ◽  
Blend Ratio ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber

The cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and tensile properties of carbon black (CB)-filled natural rubber (NR)/chloroprene rubber (CR) blends in the presence of alkanolamide (ALK) were investigated. The NR/CR blends were prepared at 50/50 blend ratio. The ALK was prepared from Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Stearin (RBDPS) and diethanolamine and added into the CB-filled NR/CR blends as a rubber additive. The ALK loadings were 0.0, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 phr. It was found that the ALK exhibited shorter scorch and cure times and higher elongation at break of the CB-filled NR/CR blends. The ALK also exhibited higher torque differences, tensile modulus and tensile strength up to 5.0 phr of ALK and then decreased with further increases in the ALK loading. The swelling test proved that the 5.0 phr loading of ALK caused the highest degree in crosslink density of the CB-filled NR/CR blends.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN ALKANOLAMIDA TERHADAP SIFAT-SIFAT UJI TARIK VULKANISAT KARET ALAM BERPENGISI KAOLIN

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Yudha Widyanata ◽  
Indah M.S. Sitorus ◽  
Indra Surya
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Rubber Compound ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Break Up

By using a semi-efficient vulcanization system, Alkanolamide (ALK) was incorporated into kaolin-filled natural rubber compound at 1.0; 3.0; 5.0 and 7.0 parts per hundred rubber (phr). An investigation was carried out to examine the effect of ALK on tensile properties of the kaolin filled-natural rubber compound. It was found that ALK exhibited higher tensile modulus, tensile strength, and elongation at break up to 5.0 phr of ALK loading and then decreased with further increasing of ALK loading. Crosslink density measurement proved that 5.0 phr loading of ALK in the kaolin-filled natural rubber system exhibited greatest tensile properties due to its highest crosslink density formation.

scholarly journals Effects of alkanolamide addition on cure characteristics, crosslink density and tensile properties of carbon-black-filled styrene-butadiene rubber compounds

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 12006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Surya ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Density Measurement ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

By using a semi-efficient sulphur vulcanisation system, the effects of alkanolamide (ALK) addition on cure characteristics, crosslink density and tensile properties of carbon black (CB)-filled styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) compounds were investigated. The ALK was prepared from Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Stearin and diethanolamine and added into the CB-filled SBR compounds. The ALK loadings were 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 phr. It was found that ALK decreased the scorch and cure times of the CB-filled SBR compounds. ALK also improved the tensile modulus and tensile strength; especially up to a 5.0 phr of loading. The crosslink density measurement proved that the 5.0 phr of ALK exhibited the highest degree of crosslink density which caused the highest in tensile modulus and tensile strength. Due to its plasticity effect, ALK increased the elongation at break of the CB-filled SBR vulcanisates.

Influence of Modified Cassava Peel Waste (CPW) Loading on Tensile Properties of Natural Rubber Latex (NRL) Products

2015 ◽  
Vol 1119 ◽  
pp. 342-346
Author(s):  
Hamidah Harahap ◽  
Kelvin Hadinatan ◽  
Adrian Hartanto ◽  
Elmer Surya ◽  
Indra Surya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Tensile Fracture ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cassava Peel

Cassava peel is one of agricultural waste that abundantly found in environment. One approach to manage this waste is to apply it as filler in natural rubber latex. In this work, the cassava peel waste (CPW) was powdered and dispersed in alkanolamide-water dispersion system to modify its surface. The amount of fillers used was 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 phr (part per hundred rubber) and loaded in natural rubber latex (NRL) formulation system. The products then were formed by dipping method after the NRL formulation was pre-vulcanized at 70°C. The observed parameter includes crosslink density, tensile strength, tensile modulus and elongation at break. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was used to study the morphology of tensile fracture in NRL film. The results show that 10 phr loading of modified fillers increases the crosslink density, tensile strength, and tensile modulus but decreases the elongation at break. SEM study also reveals that higher filler loading above 10 phr will create the agglomeration in rubber matrix.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN LAURIL ALKOHOL TERHADAP SIFAT-SIFAT UJI TARIK KOMPOSIT KARET ALAM TERISI SILIKA

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
Rieska Wulandari Sianturi ◽  
Indra Surya
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Fatty Alcohol ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Lauryl Alcohol ◽  
Kernel Oil ◽  
Silica Filler

By using a semi-efficient vulcanisation system; the effects of lauryl alcohol (LA) as a new rubber additive on tensile properties of silica-filled natural rubber (NR) composites were investigated. The NR composites were filled by silica filler with a fixed loading, 30.0 phr (part per hundred rubber). The LA is a fatty alcohol based on palm kernel oil and incorporated into the silica-filled NR composites. The LA loadings were 1.0 phr, 2.0 phr, 3.0 phr and 4.0 phr. It was found that LA functioned as an internal plasticiser. As an internal plasticiser, LA decreased the tensile modulus and increased elongations at break of silica-filled NR composites. It was also found that LA increased the crosslink density and tensile strength up to 3.0 phr of LA loading. The 3.0 phr of LA was the optimum loading.

Tensile Properties of Polypropylene/Cocoa Pod Husk Biocomposites: Effect of Maleated Polypropylene

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 645-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koay Seong Chun ◽  
Salmah Husseinsyah ◽  
Hakimah Osman
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Maleated Polypropylene ◽  
Matrix Interaction ◽  
Cocoa Pod Husk ◽  
Blending Process ◽  
Scanning Electron

Polypropylene/Cocoa Pod Husk (PP/CPH) biocomposites with different maleated polypropylene (MAPP) content were prepared via melt blending process using Brabender Plastrograph mixer. The tensile strength and tensile modulus of PP/CPH biocomposites increased with increasing of MAPP content. The PP/CPH biocomposites with 5 phr of MAPP showed the optimum improvement on tensile properties. However, the increased of MAPP content reduced the elongation at break of PP/CPH biocomposites. At 5 phr of MAPP content, PP/CPH biocomposites showed lowest elongation at break. Scanning electron microscope confirms the PP/CPH biocomposites with MAPP have better filler-matrix interaction and adhesion due to the effect of MAPP.

Effect of Gamma Radiation on Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystal/Natural Rubber Nanocomposites

2018 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wapoon Tappanawatch ◽  
Paweena Prapainainar ◽  
Pongdhorn Sae-Oui ◽  
Surapich Loykulnant ◽  
Peerapan Dittanet
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Reinforcing Agent

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were extracted from corn cob and synthesized by alkaline treatment using 3 wt% sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Acid hydrolysis with 64 wt% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at different reaction times (30, 45, 60 min) was performed to obtain CNC solutions. CNC was evaluated as a reinforcing agent in natural rubber (NR) at CNC loadings from 1-5 wt%. Gamma-ray radiation was used as vulcanization method and varied at 10 and 20 kGy. The tensile modulus and tensile strength of NR vulcanizates increased with addition of CNC and contents. In addition, radiation by gamma ray impacts the mechanical performance, where CNC/NR composites vulcanized with higher dose of radiation of 20 KGy were found to have the higher values in tensile strength, elongation at break, and modulus than with 10 KGy. Moreover, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites after aging were found to slightly increase due to post-curing during the aging process.

Correlation of Blooming and Tensile Properties in Surfactant-Loaded Natural Rubber Vulcanizates

2016 ◽  
Vol 705 ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan B. Pajarito ◽  
Jimyl Arabit
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Tensile Strain ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Adhesive Tape ◽  
Taguchi Design Of Experiment ◽  
Convection Oven ◽  
Maximum Tensile Strain ◽  
Natural Rubber Vulcanizates

Tensile properties of surfactant-loaded natural rubber (NR) vulcanizates are investigated in correlation with blooming. Rubber sheets are compounded using an L12 orthogonal array of Taguchi design of experiment, where ingredients are treated as factors varied at low and high loadings. Blooming experiments are carried out by placing NR sheets in a natural convection oven set at 50 °C for 20 days. The amount of bloom on the surface is removed using adhesive tape and is monitored with time. Tensile properties of rubber dogbone samples are also measured with time. Results show that 5 out of 12 formulations show blooming to be significantly related to tensile modulus (0.005 < p < 0.039). It is observed that the tensile modulus increases with blooming (0.898 < r < 0.973). Three formulations indicate significant correlation of blooming with tensile strength (0.022 < p < 0.047). As observed, tensile strength decreases with blooming (-0.884 < r < -0.930). Five formulations signify blooming to have significant correlation with maximum tensile strain (0.000 < p < 0.011), which decreases with blooming (-0.957 < r < -0.995). Two formulations imply significant negative (-0.960 < r < -0.963) correlation between blooming and tensile set (p= 0.009).

scholarly journals Investigation on tensile properties of epoxy/graphene nano-platelets/carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber ternary nanocomposites using response surface methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 184798041985584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadhossein Saberian ◽  
Faramarz Ashenai Ghasemi ◽  
Ismail Ghasemi ◽  
Sajjad Daneshpayeh
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Nitrile Butadiene Rubber

In this study, the response surface methodology was used to investigate the tensile properties of epoxy/graphene nano-platelets/carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber ternary nanocomposites. Box–Benhken method was used to design experiments for four factors consisting of graphene nano-platelets (at 0, 0.75, and 1.5 wt%), carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (0, 5, and 10 wt%), hardener contents (80, 90, and 100 phr), and also different post curing temperature (130, 140, and 150°C). After the samples were prepared, a tensile test was performed to obtain the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and elongation at break of nanocomposites. Moreover, field-emission scanning electron microscopy was used to observe the state of graphene nano-platelets dispersion. The results obtained from the tensile tests showed that increasing the graphene nano-platelets, carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber, and hardener contents and high post curing temperature reduced the tensile strength. The optimum value of tensile modulus was achieved at low concentration of carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber and high contents of graphene nano-platelets, whereas maximum elongation at break occurred at high content of carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber and low concentration of graphene nano-platelets and hardener. In addition, a second-order polynomial model was used to correlate the tensile properties of ternary nanocomposites to the desired factors. Finally, contour plots were used to determine optimum values of the desired factors. It was seen that the presence of 10 wt% of carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber in the epoxy matrix increased the elongation at break by the considerable amount of ∼49%.

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