Melatonin as a potential therapeutic molecule against myocardial damage caused by high fat diet (HFD)

High fat diet (HFD) has been implicated as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases since the second half of the last century. The HFD causes various pathogeneses and progressions of cardiovascular diseases. The oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory reactions induced by the HFD are probably the major risk factors of myocardial damage. In this review we highlight the roles of different dietary fats on cardiovascular diseases and the protective effects of melatonin as a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammation molecule on the pathology induced by HFD. The focus will be given to the molecular mechanisms. The protective effects of melatonin on HFD induced myocardial damage are mediated by multiple pathways. These include that melatonin suppresses the oxidative stress, preserves the normal fat and glucose metabolisms and reduces the pro-inflammatory reactions. Melatonin downregulates the expressions of pro-inflammatory genes of TLR4, NF-κB and NLRP3-Caspase1 but upregulates the expressions of anti-inflammatory genes of Sirt3, CTRP3 and RISK. All of these render melatonin as a powerful protector against cardiovascular diseases caused by the HFD. This review suggests that melatonin can be used as a therapeutic agent in this specific condition.

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Melatonin protects against cardiac damage induced by a combination of high fat diet and isoproterenol exacerbated oxidative stress in male Wistar rats

Melatonin Research ◽

10.32794/mr11250009 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 9-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Auroma Ghosh ◽

Gargi Bose ◽

Tiyasa Dey ◽

Palash Kumar Pal ◽

Sanatan Mishra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Myocardial Damage ◽

Neutrophil Infiltration ◽

Protective Effects ◽

High Fat ◽

Cardiac Damage ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Abnormal Mitochondria

In the current study, it was found that high fat diet (60% of total kCal) (H) or/and isoproterenol (I) exacerbated oxidative stress and caused myocardial damage. This was indicated by increased levels of LPO, PCO, abnormal mitochondria and altered activities of metabolic as well as antioxidant enzymes in myocardium of rats. Melatonin at different doses (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) effectively protected against myocardial damage induced by H or/and I and preserved all of these altered parameters. Morphological analyses showed that combination of H and I treatment led to the extensive myofibril disintegration and neutrophil infiltration. Melatonin at the dose of 40 mg/kg almost completely prevented these pathological alterations. The mechanistical studies have uncovered that the protective effects of melatonin on the myocardial damage induced by H and I are attributed to its direct and indirect antioxidative capacity, i.e., it directly scavenges free radicals and also regulates the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes. Collectively, based on the evidences gathered from the current study, it will not be unwise to suggest that melatonin can serve as an ideal therapeutic agent for those cardiovascular diseases caused by oxidative stress.

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Neural Protective Effects of Millet and Millet Polyphenols on High-Fat Diet-Induced Oxidative Stress in the Brain

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition ◽

10.1007/s11130-020-00802-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 (2) ◽

pp. 208-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sen Li ◽

Furong Xian ◽

Xiao Guan ◽

Kai Huang ◽

Wenwen Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Protective Effects ◽

High Fat ◽

The Brain

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Effects of Astragaloside IV on the SDF-1/CXCR4 Expression in Atherosclerosis of apoE−/−Mice Induced by Hyperlipaemia

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2015/385154 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Hewei Qin ◽

Ping Liu ◽

Shengchao Lin

Keyword(s):

High Fat Diet ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Blood Lipids ◽

Chinese Herb ◽

Cxcr4 Expression ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Astragaloside Iv ◽

High Fat ◽

Platelet Surface ◽

Effective Component

Astragaloside IV (AsIV) is the major effective component extracted from the Chinese herbAstragalus membranaceus,which has been widely used to treat cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have shown that AsIV can potentially protect the arteries from atherosclerosis; however the mechanisms underneath are unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AsIV on blood lipids, CD40-CD40L signal system, and SDF-1/CXCR4 biological axis in high-fat diet apoE−/−mice and reveal the molecular mechanisms of AsIV against atherosclerosis. Here, we showed that AsIV alleviated the extent of atherosclerosis in aorta of apoE−/−mice. And AsIV can significantly downregulate PAC-1, CD40L, and CXCR4 expression on platelet surface in blood of high-fat diet apoE−/−mice. AsIV also can significantly downregulate mRNA and protein level of SDF-1 and CXCR4 in thoracic aorta. Consistent with aorta CXCR4 expression, CXCR4 in bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) was also reduced. Meanwhile biochemical analysis showed that AsIV could downregulate TG, TC, and LDL-C levels and upregulate HDL-C level in blood of high-fat diet apoE−/−mice. We concluded that the protective effects of AsIV in atherosclerosis injury may be related to regulating blood lipids, CD40-CD40L system, and SDF-1/CXCR4 biological axis. SDF-1/CXCR4 biological axis is probably one of the main targets of intervening atherosclerosis.

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Oridonin Attenuates Diabetes‑Induced Renal Fibrosis via Inhibition of the TXNIP/NLRP3 and NF‑κB Pathway in Rats

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1144780/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Gengzhen Huang ◽

Yaodan Zhang ◽

Yingying Zhang ◽

Xiaotao Zhou ◽

Yuan Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Kidney Function ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Renal Fibrosis ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Treated Group ◽

Diabetic Rats ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

High Fat ◽

Rabdosia Rubescens

Abstract Background: Oxidative stress and its induced inflammation are important pathological processes of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Oridonin, a component isolated from Rabdosia rubescens, possesses remarkable anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory properties, it is also a newly reported NLRP3 inhibitor. However, the renoprotective effects of Oridonin and the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been explored in DN. We hypothesized that Oridonin could reduce NLRP3 pathway and ameliorate diabetes‑induced renal fibrosis.Methods: We used STZ-induced diabetic rats combined high-fat diet to establish a T2DM animal model, and then treated with Oridonin (10, 20 mg/kg/day) for two weeks. Kidney function and renal fibrosis were assessed. In addition, the expression of inflammatory factors and fibrotic markers were analyzed by western blot.Results: Oridonin treatment preserved kidney function and markedly limited the renal fibrosis size in diabetic rats. The renal fibrotic markers were inhibited in the 10 mg/kg/day group and 20 mg/kg/day group compared to the T2DM group. Moreover, the expression levels of TXNIP/NLRP3 and NF‑κB pathway were decreased in the Oridonin treatment group compared to non-treated group. Conclusions: The NLRP3-inflammasome inhibitor Oridonin reduces renal fibrosis and preserves kidney function in T2DM rat model, which indicates potential therapeutic effect of Oridonin on DN.

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Edible Bird’s Nest attenuates high fat diet-induced oxidative stress and inflammation via regulation of hepatic antioxidant and inflammatory genes

BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12906-015-0843-9 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Zhang Yida ◽

Mustapha Umar Imam ◽

Maznah Ismail ◽

Zhiping Hou ◽

Maizaton Atmadini Abdullah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Inflammatory Genes ◽

Edible Bird’S Nest

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Alleviation of liver dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation underlines the protective effects of polysaccharides from Cordyceps cicadae on high sugar/high fat diet‐induced metabolic syndrome in rats

Chemistry & Biodiversity ◽

10.1002/cbdv.202100065 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiao Zhang ◽

Jinpeng Li ◽

Bo Yang ◽

Qina Leng ◽

Ji Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Liver Dysfunction ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Protective Effects ◽

High Fat ◽

High Sugar ◽

Cordyceps Cicadae

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Lentinan Protects against Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis via the PPARα Pathway

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo12010055 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 55

Author(s):

Tingyi Du ◽

Qin Fang ◽

Zhihao Zhang ◽

Chuanmeng Zhu ◽

Renfan Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽

High Fat Diet ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Chow Diet ◽

Protective Effects ◽

High Fat ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Aim: Lentinan (LNT), a type of polysaccharide derived from Lentinus edodes, has manifested protective effects during liver injury and hepatocellular carcinoma, but little is known about its effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study aimed to investigate whether LNT can affect the progression of NAFLD and the associated mechanisms. Methods: C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal chow diet or a high-fat diet (HFD) with or without LNT (6 mg/kg/d). AML12 cells were exposed to 200 μM palmitate acid (PA) with or without LNT (5 μg/mL). Results: After 21 wk of the high-fat diet, LNT significantly decreased plasma triglyceride levels and liver lipid accumulation, reduced excessive reactive oxygen species production, and subsequently attenuated hepatic apoptosis in NAFLD mice. These effects were associated with increased PPARα levels, a decreased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, and enhancement of the antioxidant defense system in vivo. Similar effects were also observed in cultured cells. More importantly, these protective effects of LNT on palmitate acid-treated AML12 cells were almost abolished by PPARα knockdown. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study demonstrates that LNT may ameliorate hepatic steatosis and decrease oxidative stress and apoptosis by activating the PPARα pathway and is a potential drug target for NAFLD.

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