Tracking in the tracks in the Italian public schooling: Inequality patterns in an urban context

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-70
Author(s):  
Luigi Benfratello ◽  
Giuseppe Sorrenti ◽  
Gilberto Turati
Keyword(s):  
Residential Segregation ◽  
School Quality ◽  
Tracking System ◽  
Public Schooling ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
The Us ◽  
Admission Test ◽  
Selection Of

We study whether, alongside with an explicit tracking system separating students in general versus vocational curricula typical in European countries, the Italian highly centralised public schooling is also characterised by another implicit tracking system, typical of the US, separating students mostly by ability and income within the same track. We pursue this aim by considering the municipality of Turin, a post-industrialised urban context in Northern Italy. We proxy students' ability and skills with the score obtained at the standardised admission test at the School of Economics and Business of the local university. We find evidence of heterogeneity across tracks and schools within the same track, which suggests that the inequality patterns common in the Italian schooling system are affected by both types of tracking. We then discuss the potential sources of this US-style tracking, namely self-selection of better students in better schools, observed and unobserved school characteristics and income stratification. As for the role of income, we find limited evidence of residential segregation, but students from better socio-economic backgrounds travel more, exploiting information on school quality.

The United States and Elections in Africa (2015–2018)

2019 ◽  
pp. 58-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Urnov
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
The United States ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Us ◽  
Global Leader ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Right ◽  
Selection Of

As a self-proclaimed “Global Leader” the United States have made “the assertion, advancement, support and defense of democracy” throughout the world one of the pillars of their foreign policy. This aim invariably figures in all Washington’s program documents pertaining to Africa. A major component of these efforts is an assistance to regular, free and fair elections. The selection of arguments cited to justify such activities has been done skilfully. In each specific case it is emphasized that the United States do not side with any competing party, stand “above the battle”, work for the perfection of electoral process, defend the rights of opposition and rank and file votes, render material and technical help to national electoral committees. Sounds irreproachable. However, the real situation is different. The study of the US practical activities in this field allows to conclude that Washington has one-sidedly awarded itself a role of a judge and supervisor of developments related to elections in the sovereign countries of Africa, tries to control the ways they are prepared and conducted. These activities signify an interference into the internal affairs of African states. The scale and forms of such interference differ and is subjected to tasks the USA try to resolve in this or that country on the national, regional or global levels. However, everywhere it serves as an instrument of penetration and strengthening of the US influence, enhancing the US political presence in African countries. The right of the US to perform this role is presented as indisputable. Sceptics are branded as opponents of democracy. The author explores the US positions and activities connected with elections in Africa during the last years of B.Obama and first two years of D.Trump presidencies. He shows how their policy have been implemented on the continental level and in regard to several countries – South Sudan, Libya, Democratic Republic of Congo, Burundi, Rwanda, Nigeria, Somali, Kenya, Uganda.

The Role of Complement Inhibition in PNH

Hematology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hillmen
Keyword(s):  
Early Adulthood ◽  
European Medicines Agency ◽  
Intravascular Hemolysis ◽  
Specific Therapy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Impact On Survival ◽  
Thrombotic Complications ◽  
Selection Of Patients ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare, chronic, debilitating, acquired disorder that most frequently presents in early adulthood and usually continues throughout the life of a patient. PNH results in the death of approximately half of affected individuals, mainly through thrombotic complications, and until recently had no specific therapy. In 2007 eculizumab, an anti-complement antibody targeting the C5 complement component was approved for PNH by both the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMEA). Eculizumab is very effective in the treatment of intravascular hemolysis and all its sequelae, which include most of the symptoms and complications of PNH. Eculizumab has revolutionized our approach to hemolytic PNH and as it markedly reduces the principal complications of PNH, namely thrombosis and renal failure, should have a significant impact on survival. However, the development of eculizumab presents new challenges in PNH, such as how to avoid complications of therapy, how to overcome some of the problems associated with treatment and who to select for treatment, as only a proportion of patients with a PNH clone will benefit. This article will review the evidence behind the use of eculizumab in PNH, the effect it will have on the complications of the disease, the most appropriate selection of patients for therapy, the optimal management and the potential complications of the therapy.

Urban pedagogy: a proposal for the twenty-first century

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen M. Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Walter Benjamin ◽  
First Century ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Urban Experience ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Commodity Culture ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Us ◽  
Twenty First Century

The urban has been studied by students of geography, politics, aesthetics/culture, architects and politicians. Educational researchers in defining the urban as a field of research and practice have looked at schooling and its institutionalized role in cities. A wider discussion of the very character of urban experience and its relevance for pedagogic reflection and practice is a topic that still has to be explored. There are of course some exceptions, such as the Center for Urban Pedagogy in the US and its interest in environmental experiences in an urban context and researchers looking at the community–school relationship or the role of the family and locality. This essay makes an argument for urban pedagogy in the twenty-first century. The inspiration for this proposal is taken from psycho-geographers, both classical (the dialectical imagery of Walter Benjamin) and contemporary (Iain Sinclair) and their emphasis on erfaringspedagogikk (the pedagogy of experience). A number of topics are covered: the movement of pedagogy to informal, less institutionalized arenas, the flâneur, educating the senses (emotions, acoustic, visual/optic, taste, tactile), signifiers and commodity culture. It is argued that these topics can share a concern with living and learning to live in the urban. Towards the end of the essay, how to realize urban pedagogy is raised as a topic for discussion.

scholarly journals Considerations for Selecting Applicants to Rural Medicine Programs

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bramm
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Access To Care ◽  
Rural Practice ◽  
Rural America ◽  
Rural Medicine ◽  
The Us ◽  
Rural Program ◽  
Selection Of

The selection of medical students destined for rural practice is important in order to help provide access to care for the 20% of the US population who live in rural America.  Knowing which medical school applicants will go into rural practice is an inexact science, although the objective predictive characteristics of future rural doctors are well known and evident in the literature.  The role of rural program directors is to identify which applicants will likely choose a FM residency, done primarily by identifying which rural predictive characteristics the applicants possess. Admissions committee members are not expected to determine the likely practice locations of rural applicants, and need only have the responsibility of determining which applicants should become physicians.

Negligent Falsehood, White Ignorance, and False News

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Saul
Keyword(s):  
Black Men ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
News Stories ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Presidential Election ◽  
White Ignorance ◽  
False News ◽  
Selection Of

There has been considerable attention in philosophy to the deliberate propagation of falsehoods, either through their assertion (as in lying); or through implicating them by way of true assertions (as in misleading). But there are other important ways that falsehoods are propagated. This chapter focuses on ways that falsehoods may be negligently propagated by true utterances, with a particular focus on what happens when this occurs in communities. The kind of case the chapter is centrally interested in is one in which a collection of true utterances may together convey a falsehood: Individual news stories of crimes committed by black men may be true, but disproportionate selection of these stories for broadcast convey significant and immensely damaging falsehoods. The chapter also discusses the role of false news in the US Presidential election in 2016.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlef Pollack ◽  
Gergely Rosta
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Us South ◽  
Pentecostal Movement ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Selection Of

Opponents of secularization theory often emphasize that what can be said about religion in Europe cannot be applied to other regions of the world. They regularly refer to non-European countries where processes of modernization and religious revitalization have gone hand in hand. Therefore, to determine the role of religion in the modern world and the reasons for its changes means dealing with non-European societies. This short introductory chapter to Part IV explains the selection of the three case studies to be discussed in more detail in the chapters that follow: the US, South Korea, and the Pentecostal movement.

Faculty selection of textbooks: Key variables and the role of teaching experience

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aja Taitano ◽  
Bradley Smith ◽  
Cade Hulbert ◽  
Kristin Batten ◽  
Lalania Woodstrom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Experience ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Faculty Selection ◽  
Selection Of
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