La percezione del rischio in adolescenza: costruzione e validazione di strumenti di rilevazione

2009 ◽  
pp. 145-162
Author(s):  
Anna Rosa Donizzetti
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Unrealistic Optimism ◽  
Perception Of Risk ◽  
Personal Risk ◽  
Healthy Behaviour

- If compared to other periods of life, adolescence is characterized by a tendency to implement more likely behaviours that can be harmful to health. The implementation of such behaviours stems from a complex system of assessments, in which the perception of risk is an important, though not exclusive (Petrillo, 2008), factor. To measure adolescence risk perception a question have been used to detect self-reported perceptions and another question for hetero-reported ones. In order to get less general and more suitable measures for this type of target five scales were constructed, referring to different spheres of behaviour (diet, exercise, consumption of alcohol and cigarettes, sexuality), through which subjects were asked to evaluate six possible negative outcomes for themselves and their friends, derived from each behaviour. The scales were administered to 1.107 students of Naples, almost equally distributed by gender (male 40.6% and 59.4% females) and with an average age of 15.7 years. The exploratory and confirmative factor analysis, conducted on each scale of perceived risk, self and hetero reported, showed monodimensional structures, with satisfactory psychometric properties.Key words: personal risk perception, risk perception of peers, adolescents, healthy behaviour, unrealistic optimism, detection scalesParole chiave: percezione del rischio personale, percezione del rischio dei coetanei, adolescenza, comportamenti salutari, ottimismo irrealistico, strumenti di rilevazione

scholarly journals Innate Perception of Risk: Probability Ratio or Difference?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milind Watve ◽  
Harshada Vidwans Dubey ◽  
Rohini Kharate
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Formal Training ◽  
Perception Of Risk ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Behavioral Factor ◽  
Formally Trained ◽  
Question Survey ◽  
Public Health Literature

In public health literature the risk of death or disease associated with a dietary, environmental of behavioral factor is most commonly denoted by odds ratio (OR), hazard ratio (HR) or risk ratio (RR). The ratio indices have several desirable statistical properties. However, the most important question is whether there are some evolved innate norms of perception of risk that people use and what they are. We conducted a simple one question survey of 98 individuals with different age, sex, educational and professional backgrounds. The respondents were asked to judge the relative perceived risk of four different hypothetical habits for which data on the percentage of people affected by the disease with and without the habit was given. They were asked to rank the risks for the four habits. Results showed that the habits that had the highest difference between probability of acquiring the disease were ranked high on risk perception. The probability ratios did not affect risk perception significantly. Further age, sex, profession or formal training in statistics did not affect the response significantly. Even individuals that were formally trained to use OR and HR as risk indicators, preferred using probability differences over ratios for judging their own risk in the perceived context. This preliminary inquiry into intuitive statistical perception suggests that designing statistical indices based on people’s innate perception may be a better strategy than trying to train people to understand the indices designed by expert statisticians.

Risk Perception: Unrealistic Optimism or Realistic Expectancy

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Todesco ◽  
Stephen B. Hillman
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Unrealistic Optimism ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Personal Risk ◽  
Older Adolescents ◽  
Risk Takers ◽  
Risk Taking Behaviors

The current study investigated risk perception and Unrealistic Optimism as a function of involvement in risk. 74 undergraduate students were asked to rate how likely they were to encounter various negative consequences relative to various comparison targets (child, peer, and parent) and specified their actual involvement in risk-taking. Over-all, 37 High and 37 Low Risk-takers rated harmful events similarly, adding support for disputing the hypothesis that risk-takers consider themselves to be invulnerable. When these older adolescents compared themselves with children, they rated their personal risk of engaging in the health threatening behaviors as higher. Adolescents can realistically appraise the differences between themselves and children and view themselves as more likely to encounter the negative outcomes of risk-taking behaviors. Implications are discussed.

Toward a General Theory of Risk Perception

1993 ◽  
Vol 37 (14) ◽  
pp. 984-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher William Schacherer
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Perception Of Risk ◽  
Valid Model ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Perception Process

Several risk perception studies employing univariate techniques have found very strong predictors of risk perceptions, but these results are of limited use in describing the cognitive process that results in perception of risk. Also, although a few multivariate investigations have been conducted, the validity of the obtained results are similarly limited due to concern over deriving easily interpretable solutions. The present study, therefore, attempts to derive a more valid model of the risk perception process through confirmatory factor analysis based on previously reported findings.

scholarly journals Development and psychometrics properties of a questionnaire to measure the general perception of COVID-19 risk in Iran: A structural equation modeling approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ezat Samadipour ◽  
Fatemeh Ghardashi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Exploratory Factor Analysis ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Psychometrics Properties ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Abstract Background Risk perception in this COVID19 situation is important and its measurement tool can be useful in terms of the making of social health policy. This study aimed to develop and psychometrics properties of a new scale, for assessing general perception of Covid-19 risk (GPCOVID-19R) in Iran.Methods A methodological study with a structural equation model approach was used to develop and psychometrics the GPCOVID-19 R questionnaire. First, qualitative method, an operational definition of risk perception of COVID-19 was presented by 10 experts. The item generation and scale development were performed through literature review, a qualitative approach, and interviews with an expert panel. Then, the psychometric properties of the scale were evaluated by means of cross-sectional studies. Exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and scale correlation were performed using Amos software version 23.Results 304 users of social groups in Tehran province participated in completing the online questionnaire. The results of psychometric properties of the questionnaire indicate the desired validity and reliability. The exploratory factor analysis revealed five factors, containing 20 items. The confirmatory factor analysis showed a model with appropriate fitness for the data.Conclusion The results of the study suggest that GPCOVID-19R is a reliable and valid tool for measuring Iranians' general perception of Covid-19 risk.

scholarly journals A unique double tango: Construct validation and reliability analysis of risk perception, attitude and practice (RPAP) questionnaire on dengue infection

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0256636
Author(s):  
Mohd ‘Ammar Ihsan Ahmad Zamzuri ◽  
Mohd Nazrin Jamhari ◽  
Hasanain Faisal Ghazi ◽  
Muhamad Hazizi Muhamad Hasani ◽  
Noor Khalili Mohd Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Dengue Infection ◽  
Rasch Measurement ◽  
Test Theory ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Dengue Prevention

Introduction/background Dengue fever remains a public health threat despite being preventable. A solution to the constant problem of dengue infection will require active intervention and a paradigm shift. Assessing perceived risk and correlating it with the attitude and practice of the community will help in designing appropriate measures. However, possible instruments for these assessments come with limitations. Objective The aim is to develop and validate a new scoring-based questionnaire, using dual statistical approaches to measure risk perception, attitude, and practices (RPAP) related to dengue in the community. Methods The RPAP questionnaire was developed bilingually using the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcome Research (ISPOR) guidelines. Content analysis was reviewed scrupulously by four expert panels. The initial 35-item scale was tested among 253 Malaysian respondents recruited non-probabilistically via multiple online platforms. Two statistical methods were employed to measure the construct validity: Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) as part of the Classical Test Theory (CTT) measurement, while Rasch Measurement Analysis (Rasch) was performed for the Item Response Theory (IRT) measurement. All results were cross-validated with their counterpart to ensure stability. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to obtain a model fit index. Results 29 questions were retained after the final analysis. Both EFA and Rasch analysis detect multidimensionality. Nine latent factors were extracted from EFA, while only eight factors remained in the final model following CFA: 1) perceived susceptibility; 2) perceived severity; 3) perceived barrier; 4) perceived benefit; 5) cues to action; 6) self-efficacy; 7) attitude; and 8) practice. All items had adequate factor loadings and showed good internal consistency. The final model after CFA achieved a good fit with an RMSEA value of 0.061, SRMR of 0.068, PNFI of 0.649, and GFI of 0.996. Conclusion The RPAP questionnaire contains 29 items and is a reliable and accurate psychometric instrument for measuring the risk perception of dengue fever, attitude, and practice of the community in dengue prevention. The Rasch measurement provides additional rigour to complement the CTT analysis. This RPAP questionnaire is suitable for use in studies related to dengue prevention in the community.

scholarly journals Pregnancy related risk perception in pregnant women, midwives & doctors: a cross-sectional survey

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Lee ◽  
Des Holden ◽  
Rebecca Webb ◽  
Susan Ayers
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Perception Of Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Women Doctors ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Degree Of Risk

Abstract Background Risk perception in relation to pregnancy and birth is a complex process influenced by multiple personal, psychological and societal factors. Traditionally, the risk perception of healthcare professionals has been presented as more objective and authoritative than that of pregnant women. Doctors have been presented as more concerned with biomedical risk than midwives. Such dichotomies oversimplify and obscure the complexity of the process. This study examines pregnancy-related risk perception in women and healthcare professionals, and what women and professionals believe about each other’s risk perception. Methods A cross sectional survey of set in UK maternity services. Participants were doctors working in obstetrics (N = 53), midwives (N = 59), pregnant women (N = 68). Participants were recruited in person from two hospitals. Doctors were also recruited online. Participants completed a questionnaire measuring the degree of perceived risk in various childbirth-related scenarios; and the extent to which they believed others agreed with them about the degree of risk generally involved in childbirth. Main outcome measures were the degree of risk perceived to the mother in baby in pregnancy scenarios, and beliefs about own perception of risk in comparison to their own group and other groups. Results There were significant differences in total risk scores between pregnant women, doctors and midwives in perception of risk to the mother in 68/80 scenarios. Doctors most frequently rated risks lowest. Total scores for perceived risk to the baby were not significantly different. There was substantial variation within each group. There was more agreement on the ranking of scenarios according to risk. Each group believed doctors perceived most risk whereas actually doctors most frequently rated risks lowest. Each group incorrectly believed their peers rated risk similarly to themselves. Conclusions Individuals cannot assume others share their perception of risk or that they make correct assessments regarding others’ risk perception. Further research should consider what factors are taken into account when making risk assessments,

scholarly journals Risk Perception in a Real-World Situation (COVID-19): How It Changes From 18 to 87 Years Old

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Rosi ◽  
Floris Tijmen van Vugt ◽  
Serena Lecce ◽  
Irene Ceccato ◽  
Martine Vallarino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Real World ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Perception Of Risk ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Different Ages ◽  
Real World Situation

Studies on age-related differences in risk perception in a real-world situation, such as the recent COVID-19 outbreak, showed that the risk perception of getting COVID-19 tends to decrease as age increases. This finding raised the question on what factors could explain risk perception in older adults. The present study examined age-related differences in risk perception in the early stages of COVID-19 lockdown, analyzing variables that can explain the differences in perception of risk at different ages. A total of 1,765 adults aged between 18 and 87 years old completed an online survey assessing perceived risk severity and risk vulnerability of getting COVID-19, sociodemographic status, emotional state, experience relating to COVID-19, and physical health status. Results showed that the older the participants, the lower the perceived vulnerability to getting COVID-19, but the higher the perceived severity. Different predictors explain the perception of risk severity and vulnerability at different ages. Overall, self-reported anxiety over the pandemic is a crucial predictor in explaining risk perceptions in all age groups. Theoretical and practical implications of the empirical findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Attachment, Personality and Locus of Control: Psychological Determinants of Risk Perception and Preventive Behaviors for COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia Tagini ◽  
Agostino Brugnera ◽  
Roberta Ferrucci ◽  
Ketti Mazzocco ◽  
Luca Pievani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
Perception Of Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Precautionary Measures

Background: The understanding of factors that shape risk perception is crucial to modulate the perceived threat and, in turn, to promote optimal engagement in preventive actions.Methods: An on-line, cross-sectional, survey was conducted in Italy between May and July 2020 to investigate risk perception for COVID-19 and the adoption of preventive measures. A total of 964 volunteers participated in the study. Possible predictors of risk perception were identified through a hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis, including sociodemographic, epidemiological and, most of all, psychological factors. A path analysis was adopted to probe the possible mediating role of risk perception on the relationship between the independent variables considered and the adoption of preventive measures.Results: Focusing on the psychological predictors of risk perception, high levels of anxiety, an anxious attachment, and an external locus of control predicted higher perceived risk. Conversely, high levels of openness personality and of avoidant attachment predicted a lower perception of risk. In turn, the higher was the perceived risk the higher was the adoption of precautionary measures. Furthermore, psychological factors influenced the adoption of preventive behaviors both directly and indirectly through their effect on risk perception.Conclusions: Our findings might be taken into high consideration by stakeholders, who are responsible for promoting a truthful perception of risk and proper compliance with precautionary measures.

scholarly journals Predictors of misperceptions, risk perceptions, and personal risk perceptions about COVID-19 by country, education and income

2021 ◽  
pp. jim-2021-001835
Author(s):  
Tanzim Bhuiya ◽  
Richard Klares III ◽  
Madellena A Conte ◽  
Joseph Steven Cervia
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Government Interventions ◽  
Personal Risk ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Income Quartile

Government interventions, such as mandating the use of masks and social distancing, play crucial roles in controlling the spread of pandemic infection. Adherence depends on public perceptions about pandemic risk. The goal was to explore the roles of education, income, and country on misperceptions, risk perceptions and personal risk perceptions about COVID-19. Data were extracted from 3 preregistered surveys. Binary logistic regressions were conducted to investigate the roles country, education, and income had on outcome variables. Across the USA, Canada, and UK, individuals in the highest income quartile were significantly less likely to hold misperceptions (OR=0.61, 95% CI 0.45 to 0.83) and to perceive personal risk (OR=0.38, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.75) regarding COVID-19 compared with individuals in the lowest income quartile. When comparing these income quartiles in the USA, the difference in perceived risk was heightened (OR=0.21, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.57). Citizens of the UK were more likely to have risk perceptions compared with citizens of the USA (OR=1.50, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.88). Citizens of Canada were less likely to perceive personal risk compared with US citizens (OR=0.40, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.69). Proper risk perception and understanding of COVID-19 are necessary for adherence to public health initiatives. The lowest income quartile was shown to have more misperceptions and personal risk perceptions across all 3 countries, highlighting the disproportionate impact of COVID-19 in this group. Our findings support the importance of education and income in affecting health perceptions and outcomes. Further research is needed to explore interventions to minimize misperceptions, accurately shape risk perception, and effectively communicate science.

scholarly journals Perceived Risk Questionnaire in Canyoners: content validity, cross-validation and transcultural invariance across Portugal and Spain

Motricidade ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 20-31
Author(s):  
António Brandão ◽  
Diogo Monteiro ◽  
Joel Pereira ◽  
Eduarda Coelho ◽  
Luís Quaresma
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Construct Validation ◽  
Final Version ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Residual Values ◽  
Very High

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire related to the risk perception in canyoning. Cross-validation and transcultural invariance, across Portugal and Spain, were also analysed. A total of 707 canyoners (81.3% males, 18.7% females) from Portugal (47.5%) and Spain (52.5%) participated in this study, with ages between 18 and 57 years old (M = 36.13; SD = 7.71). The initial version of questionnaire had 49 items. With the Temporal Reliability Analysis, the items that showed no correlation between the two moments of the administration of the questionnaire, p>.05, were removed and only 46 items remained. The Exploratory Factor Analysis was developed by choosing the 25 items with higher factorial weight. Six dimensions were found which we managed to identify and characterise with the help of literature. With the Confirmatory Factor Analysis and based on the analysis of the modification indices, 4 items were eliminated, as they presented very high residual values, which contributed to an inadequacy of the model. In this manner, a questionnaire with 21 items was achieved. The final version of the questionnaire showed acceptable values related to reliability and construct validation. Therefore, this allows it to be used in the risk perception in canyoning, with 21 items, distributed among 6 dimensions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document