Pregnancy related risk perception in pregnant women, midwives & doctors: a cross-sectional survey

Abstract Background Risk perception in relation to pregnancy and birth is a complex process influenced by multiple personal, psychological and societal factors. Traditionally, the risk perception of healthcare professionals has been presented as more objective and authoritative than that of pregnant women. Doctors have been presented as more concerned with biomedical risk than midwives. Such dichotomies oversimplify and obscure the complexity of the process. This study examines pregnancy-related risk perception in women and healthcare professionals, and what women and professionals believe about each other’s risk perception. Methods A cross sectional survey of set in UK maternity services. Participants were doctors working in obstetrics (N = 53), midwives (N = 59), pregnant women (N = 68). Participants were recruited in person from two hospitals. Doctors were also recruited online. Participants completed a questionnaire measuring the degree of perceived risk in various childbirth-related scenarios; and the extent to which they believed others agreed with them about the degree of risk generally involved in childbirth. Main outcome measures were the degree of risk perceived to the mother in baby in pregnancy scenarios, and beliefs about own perception of risk in comparison to their own group and other groups. Results There were significant differences in total risk scores between pregnant women, doctors and midwives in perception of risk to the mother in 68/80 scenarios. Doctors most frequently rated risks lowest. Total scores for perceived risk to the baby were not significantly different. There was substantial variation within each group. There was more agreement on the ranking of scenarios according to risk. Each group believed doctors perceived most risk whereas actually doctors most frequently rated risks lowest. Each group incorrectly believed their peers rated risk similarly to themselves. Conclusions Individuals cannot assume others share their perception of risk or that they make correct assessments regarding others’ risk perception. Further research should consider what factors are taken into account when making risk assessments,

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Knowledge, Protective Behaviors and Risk Perception of COVID-19 among Dental Students in India: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9050574 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 574

Author(s):

Kavita Batra ◽

Yashashri Urankar ◽

Ravi Batra ◽

Aaron F. Gomes ◽

Meru S ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Perception ◽

Infection Control ◽

Dental Students ◽

Protective Behaviors ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Web Based ◽

Adequate Knowledge ◽

Related Risk ◽

Appropriate Practices

Objective: This study’s objective was to examine the knowledge, performance in practicing protective behaviors, and risk perception of Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) among dental students of India. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from 10–30 August 2020, involving 381 dental students that were enrolled at the Uttaranchal Dental and Medical Research Institute in India. A web-based structured questionnaire assessed the COVID-19 related knowledge, protective behaviors, and risk perception performance. The independent-samples-t and analysis of variance tests were used to analyze the differences in knowledge, protective behaviors, and perception across the groups. Results: Of the dental students surveyed, 83% had adequate knowledge of COVID-19, and nearly 80% followed appropriate practices regarding COVID-19. The COVID-19 related risk perception was higher among females as compared to males. COVID-19 related knowledge was significantly correlated with preventive behaviors (r = 0.18; p < 0·01) and risk perception (r = 0.10; p < 0.05). We found a high score of COVID-19 related knowledge and precautionary behaviors and moderate risk perception among students. Conclusions: Knowledge and protective behaviors towards infectious diseases, such as COVID-19, have clinical applications in developing educational and formal training programs to promote adherence to the infection control practices among dental students. Clinical significance: The findings of this study will inform policymakers to emphasize on effective risk communication. Dental institutions can incorporate infection control modules in the current curriculum, thereby making future dental professionals capable of performing effective infection control management in the clinical settings. This is critical in improving their knowledge of infection control practices to minimize the risk of nosocomial infections.

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COVID-19: Perceived Infection Risk and Barriers to Uptake of Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna Vaccines Among Community Healthcare Workers

Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities ◽

10.1007/s40615-021-01093-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tolulope B. Famuyiro ◽

Abayomi Ogunwale ◽

Jude des Bordes ◽

Mukaila Raji

Keyword(s):

Risk Perception ◽

Perceived Risk ◽

Healthcare Workers ◽

Vaccine Development ◽

Vaccine Uptake ◽

Effective Vaccine ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Community Healthcare

Abstract Background The health and economic ramifications of the coronavirus pandemic have prompted the need for a timely and effective vaccine development. While the rollout of the COVID-19 vaccine in record time is being hailed as a scientific feat, skepticism about the safety, side effects, and even its long-term effects remain. Acceptance of the vaccine may therefore be a challenge among healthcare workers (HCWs), whose role is considered a proxy to determining the COVID-19 vaccine uptake response by the general population. Methods In December 2020, prior to the arrival and receipt of the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna COVID-19 vaccine, we conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess the readiness for vaccine uptake among HCWs at three community-based, university-affiliated health centers. Results A total of 205 (82%) respondents out of 250 completed the questionnaire. Fifty-four percent of respondents agreed to receive vaccine once available. Females (odds ratio (OR) =0.22, p=0.014), non-Hispanic Blacks (OR=0.066, p=0.010), and Hispanics (OR=0.11, p=0.037) were less likely to accept the vaccine. Respondents with moderate-risk perception were more likely to accept (OR=2.79, p=0.045) compared to those with low-risk perception while no association was found between high-risk perception and vaccine acceptance (p=0.226). After adjusting for perceived risk, sex, race/ethnicity, and age, acceptance in non-Hispanic Black population remained statistically significant (adjusted OR=0.07, p=0.014), with Hispanic (AOR=0.12, p=0.051) showing a trend. Conclusions Enthusiastic acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine is lacking among surveyed HCWs of certain racial/ethnic groups. Provision of resources and public health interventions targeting underserved, minority populations are necessary to halt opposition to vaccine uptake.

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PERCEPTION OF RISK AND DRIVING UNDER THE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL AND MARIJUANA ON UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN A MULTICENTER STUDY: COLOMBIA

Texto & Contexto - Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/1980-265x-tce-cicad-24-28 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (spe) ◽

Author(s):

Juan David Moncaleano ◽

Bruna Brands

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Multicenter Study ◽

Perceived Risk ◽

Inverse Relationship ◽

Driving Under The Influence ◽

Perception Of Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Relationship

ABSTRACT Objective: analyze the relationship between the perception of risk and the behavior of driving under the influence of alcohol or marijuana or getting into a vehicle driven by someone under the effects of these substances in order to identify risk factors and protective factors. Method: multicenter study cross sectional survey with students from a University in Colombia (n = 493) completed a survey prepared during the International Program of Training in Research for Health Professionals and Related Areas to Study the Drug Phenomenon in Latin America and the Caribbean. Results: an inverse relationship was observed between each of the three levels of risk perception: detection (p<.001), punishment (p<.05) and harm (p<.001), and driving behaviors with alcohol. This same type of relationship is observed with marijuana in terms of perceived risk of being involved in an accident (p<.05). However, regarding to marijuana, there is not enough evidence of an association with the perceived risk of being arrested or punished. The results show that there is an inverse relationship between what the students' relatives and friends think and do and the perception of risk of being arrested (p<.001), punished (p<.001) or of being involved in an accident (p<.001) for driving under the influence of alcohol and marijuana at the same time. Conclusion: the results suggest that there are risk factors and protective factors that can be intervened to prevent injuries or fatal events associated with driving under the influence of alcohol or marijuana.

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Weight-related risk perception among healthy and overweight pregnant women: a cross-sectional study

Journal of Perinatology ◽

10.1038/jp.2015.57 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (9) ◽

pp. 683-688 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S J de Jersey ◽

L K Callaway ◽

L A Daniels ◽

J M Nicholson

Keyword(s):

Risk Perception ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Related Risk

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Title: Risk Perception related to COVID-19 among Sub-Sahara Africans: A Web-based Comparative Survey of local and diaspora residents

10.21203/rs.3.rs-258151/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emmanuel Kwasi Abu ◽

Richard Oloruntoba ◽

Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu ◽

Dipesh Bhattarai ◽

Chundung Asabe Miner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Perception ◽

Perceived Risk ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Web Based ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Knowledge And Attitude

Abstract Background Perceived risk towards the coronavirus pandemic is a key to improved compliance with public health measures to reduce the infection. This study investigated how Sub-Saharan Africans (SSA) living in their respective countries and those in the diaspora perceive their risk of COVID-19 outbreak and the factors associated. Methods A web-based cross-sectional survey on 1969 participants aged 18 years and above (55.1% male) was conducted between April 27th and May 17th 2020. The dependent variable was perception of risk for contracting COVID-19 scores. Independent variables included demographic characteristics; COVID-19 related knowledge and attitude scores. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses identified the factors associated with risk perception towards COVID-19. Results Among SSA respondents, majority were living in SSA (n = 1855, 92.8%) and 143 (7.2%) in the diaspora. There was no significant difference in the mean risk perception scores between the two groups (p = 0.117), however, those aged 18–28 years had lower risk perception scores (p = 0.003) than the older respondents, while those who were employed (p = 0.040) and had higher level of education (p < 0.001) had significantly higher risk perception scores than other respondents. After adjusting for covariates, multivariable analyses revealed that SSA residents aged 39–48 years (adjusted coefficient, β = 0.06, 95% CI [0.01, 1.19]) and health care sector workers (β = 0.61, 95% CI [0.09, 1.14]) reported a higher perceived risk of COVID-19. Knowledge and attitude scores increased as perceived risk for COVID-19 increases for both SSAs in Africa (β = 1.19, 95% CI [1.05, 1.34] for knowledge; β = 0.63, 95% CI [0.58, 0.69] for attitude) and in Diaspora (β = 1.97, 95% CI [1.16, 2.41] for knowledge; β = 0.30, 95% CI [0.02, 0.58] for attitude). Conclusions There is a need to promote preventive measures with focus on increasing people’s knowledge about COVID-19 and encouraging positive attitude towards the mitigation measures. Such interventions should target older participants and non-healthcare workers.

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Attachment, Personality and Locus of Control: Psychological Determinants of Risk Perception and Preventive Behaviors for COVID-19

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.634012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Sofia Tagini ◽

Agostino Brugnera ◽

Roberta Ferrucci ◽

Ketti Mazzocco ◽

Luca Pievani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Perception ◽

Locus Of Control ◽

Perceived Risk ◽

Psychological Factors ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Linear Regression Analysis ◽

Preventive Behaviors ◽

Perception Of Risk ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Precautionary Measures

Background: The understanding of factors that shape risk perception is crucial to modulate the perceived threat and, in turn, to promote optimal engagement in preventive actions.Methods: An on-line, cross-sectional, survey was conducted in Italy between May and July 2020 to investigate risk perception for COVID-19 and the adoption of preventive measures. A total of 964 volunteers participated in the study. Possible predictors of risk perception were identified through a hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis, including sociodemographic, epidemiological and, most of all, psychological factors. A path analysis was adopted to probe the possible mediating role of risk perception on the relationship between the independent variables considered and the adoption of preventive measures.Results: Focusing on the psychological predictors of risk perception, high levels of anxiety, an anxious attachment, and an external locus of control predicted higher perceived risk. Conversely, high levels of openness personality and of avoidant attachment predicted a lower perception of risk. In turn, the higher was the perceived risk the higher was the adoption of precautionary measures. Furthermore, psychological factors influenced the adoption of preventive behaviors both directly and indirectly through their effect on risk perception.Conclusions: Our findings might be taken into high consideration by stakeholders, who are responsible for promoting a truthful perception of risk and proper compliance with precautionary measures.

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Risk perception of COVID-19 among sub-Sahara Africans: a web-based comparative survey of local and diaspora residents

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11600-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Emmanuel Kwasi Abu ◽

Richard Oloruntoba ◽

Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu ◽

Dipesh Bhattarai ◽

Chundung Asabe Miner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Perception ◽

Perceived Risk ◽

Mitigation Measures ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Web Based ◽

Positive Attitudes ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Knowledge And Attitude

Abstract Background Perceived risk towards the coronavirus pandemic is key to improved compliance with public health measures to reduce the infection rates. This study investigated how Sub-Saharan Africans (SSA) living in their respective countries and those in the diaspora perceive their risk of getting infected by the COVID-19 virus as well as the associated factors. Methods A web-based cross-sectional survey on 1969 participants aged 18 years and above (55.1% male) was conducted between April 27th and May 17th 2020, corresponding to the mandatory lockdown in most SSA countries. The dependent variable was the perception of risk for contracting COVID-19 scores. Independent variables included demographic characteristics, and COVID-19 related knowledge and attitude scores. Univariate and multiple linear regression analyses identified the factors associated with risk perception towards COVID-19. Results Among the respondents, majority were living in SSA (n = 1855, 92.8%) and 143 (7.2%) in the diaspora. There was no significant difference in the mean risk perception scores between the two groups (p = 0.117), however, those aged 18–28 years had lower risk perception scores (p = 0.003) than the older respondents, while those who were employed (p = 0.040) and had higher levels of education (p < 0.001) had significantly higher risk perception scores than other respondents. After adjusting for covariates, multivariable analyses revealed that SSA residents aged 39–48 years (adjusted coefficient, β = 0.06, 95% CI [0.01, 1.19]) and health care sector workers (β = 0.61, 95% CI [0.09, 1.14]) reported a higher perceived risk of COVID-19. Knowledge and attitude scores increased as perceived risk for COVID-19 increased for both SSAs in Africa (β = 1.19, 95% CI [1.05, 1.34] for knowledge; β = 0.63, 95% CI [0.58, 0.69] for attitude) and in Diaspora (β = 1.97, 95% CI [1.16, 2.41] for knowledge; β = 0.30, 95% CI [0.02, 0.58] for attitude). Conclusions There is a need to promote preventive measures focusing on increasing people’s knowledge about COVID-19 and encouraging positive attitudes towards the mitigation measures such as vaccines and education. Such interventions should target the younger population, less educated and non-healthcare workers.

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Oscillation between identities and Subjective psychological health objectives among an informed audience in therapeutic patient education

Education thérapeutique du patient - Therapeutic patient education ◽

10.1051/tpe/2018006 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 10202

Author(s):

Sandrine Roussel ◽

Alain Deccache ◽

Mariane Frenay

Keyword(s):

Patient Education ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Healthcare Professionals ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Therapeutic Patient Education ◽

French Speaking ◽

Health Objectives ◽

Self Administered Questionnaire

Introduction: The implementation of Therapeutic Patient Education (TPE) remains a challenge. An exploratory study highlighted two tendencies among practitioners of TPE, which could hamper this implementation: an oscillation between identities (as caregivers versus as educators) and an inclination towards subjective psychological health objectives. Objectives: To verify whether these tendencies can be observed among an informed audience in TPE. Next, to explore the variables associated with one or other of these tendencies. Method: A quantitative cross-sectional survey by a self-administered questionnaire was carried out among 90 French-speaking healthcare professionals. Statistical analyses (chi-square, logistic regression) were then conducted. Results: Sixty percent of respondents displayed identity oscillation, which was found to be linked to task oscillation, patient curability, scepticism towards medicine and practising in France. Fifty-six percent pursued subjective psychological health objectives, which was found to be associated with health behaviour objectives and a locus of power in the healthcare relationship distinct from those seen in the pre-existing health models (biomedical, global). This tendency seems to constitute an alternative model of TPE. Discussion & conclusion: Identity oscillation and subjective psychological health objectives can be both observed. This study stresses the need to deliberate on the form(s) of TPE that is/are desired.

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Risk Minimization Measures in Off-Label Drug Use: A Survey of Community Pharmacists in Malaysia

Current Drug Safety ◽

10.2174/1573403x16666200615144946 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 181-189

Author(s):

Omotayo Fatokun

Keyword(s):

Informed Consent ◽

Drug Use ◽

Perceived Risk ◽

Adverse Drug Events ◽

Community Pharmacists ◽

Risk Minimization ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Off Label ◽

Written Informed Consent

Background: While off-label drug use is common and sometimes necessary, it also presents considerable risks. Therefore, measures intended to prevent or reduce the potential exposure to off-label risks have been recommended. However, little is known about community pharmacists’ beliefs regarding these measures in Malaysia. Objectives: This study examined community pharmacists’ beliefs towards risk minimization measures in off-label drug use in Malaysia and assessed the relationship between perceived risk of off-label drug use and beliefs towards risk minimization measures. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 154 pharmacists practicing in randomly selected community pharmacies in Kuala Lumpur and the State of Selangor, Malaysia. Results: The majority agreed or strongly agreed that adverse drug events from the off-label drug should be reported to the regulatory authority (90.9%) and the off-label drug should only be used when the benefit outweighs potential risks (88.3%). Less than half (48.1%) agreed or strongly agreed that written informed consent should be obtained before dispensing off-label drugs and a majority (63.7%) agreed or strongly agreed that the informed consent process will be burdensome to healthcare professionals. Beliefs towards risk minimization measures were significantly associated with perceived risk of off-label drug use regarding efficacy (p = 0. 033), safety (p = 0.001), adverse drug rection (p = 0.001) and medication errors (p = 0.002). Conclusion: The community pharmacists have positive beliefs towards most of the risk minimization measures. However, beliefs towards written informed consent requirements are not encouraging. Enhancing risk perception may help influence positive beliefs towards risk minimization measures.

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How Did Italian Adolescents with Disability and Parents Deal with the COVID-19 Emergency?

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18041687 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1687

Author(s):

Silvia Faccioli ◽

Francesco Lombardi ◽

Pierantonio Bellini ◽

Stefania Costi ◽

Silvia Sassi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Assistive Technology ◽

Healthcare Professionals ◽

Family Members ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Rehabilitation Services ◽

Disabled Children ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Italian Adolescents

The COVID-19 emergency has imposed distanced education and has interrupted most rehabilitation services. Adolescents with disabilities have been isolated, and the burden on their families has been exacerbated. A cross-sectional survey was administered to adolescents with disability and to parents of disabled children to describe their experience during lockdown and their concerns or expectations about rehabilitation. A sample of 53 adolescents and 239 parents completed the survey. Adolescents were ages 13–18 years old (45.3% female). Most parents were between 35 and 55 years old (84.9% female). While 53.6% of the parents reported no positive effects of the lockdown, 92.5% of the adolescents expressed favorable consequences. The increased time spent with family members was judged positively by 27.2% of parents and by 64.2% of adolescents. Concern for their child’s disability was expressed by 47.3% of parents, while 73.6% of adolescents expressed concerns regarding the ban on meeting friends. In both groups, anxiety symptoms were correlated with the fear of contracting COVID-19 and with financial problems. Parents would have liked even more remote support from school and healthcare professionals, which was available for most participants. Thus, socioeconomic support, assistive technology and telerehabilitation strategies might help families with disabilities during a lockdown.

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