Mare Nostrum, OEconomica Nostrum: Mediterranean Economic Thought, from the Early Nineteenth Century to the Interwar Period

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-91
Author(s):  
Yorgos Stassinopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century

Utilitarianism and Distributive Justice: The Civil Law and the Foundations of Bentham's Economic Thought

Utilitas ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Prison Reform ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Wealth Of Nations

Between 1787, and the end of his life in 1832, Bentham turned his attention to the development and application of economic ideas and principles within the general structure of his legislative project. For seventeen years this interest was manifested through a number of books and pamphlets, most of which remained in manuscript form, that develop a distinctive approach to economic questions. Although Bentham was influenced by Adam Smith's An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, he neither adopted a Smithian vocabulary for addressing questions of economic principle and policy, nor did he accept many of the distinctive features of Smith's economic theory. One consequence of this was that Bentham played almost no part in the development of the emerging science of political economy in the early nineteenth century. The standard histories of economics all emphasize how little he contributed to the mainstream of late eighteenth and early nineteenth-century debate by concentrating attention on his utilitarianism and the psychology of hedonism on which it is premised. Others have argued that the calculating nature of his theory of practical reason reduced the whole legislative project to a crude attempt to apply economics to all aspects of social and political life. Put at its simplest this argument amounts to the erroneous claim that Bentham's science of legislation is reducible to the science of political economy. A different but equally dangerous error would be to argue that because Bentham's conception of the science of legislation comprehends all the basic forms of social relationships, there can be no science of political economy as there is no autonomous sphere of activity governed by the principles of economics. This approach is no doubt attractive from an historical point of view given that the major premise of this argument is true, and that many of Bentham's ‘economic’ arguments are couched in terms of his theory of legislation. Yet it fails to account for the undoubted importance of political economy within Bentham's writings, not just on finance, economic policy, colonies and preventive police, but also in other aspects of his utilitarian public policy such as prison reform, pauper management, and even constitutional reform. All of these works reflect a conception of political economy in its broadest terms. However, this conception of political economy differs in many respects from that of Bentham's contemporaries, and for this reason Bentham's distinctive approach to problems of economics and political economy has largely been misunderstood.

scholarly journals De Nederlandse navolging van een Duitse reisgidsenreeks, Was nicht im Baedeker steht : Alternatieve verkenningen van Amsterdam, Rotterdam en Den Haag in Wat niet in Baedeker staat

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24
Author(s):  
Rob van de Schoor
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Interwar Period ◽  
Book Market ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Travel Guide ◽  
System A ◽  
Onderzoek Naar ◽  
The Hague ◽  
Literary System ◽  
Recurrent Theme

Abstract The travel guide series Was nicht im Baedeker steht, published during the interwar period, can be qualified as anti-tourist. The main feature of this critical attitude towards the established Baedekers, which promoted a bourgeois way of travelling, is irony. Zielverfehlung, a deliberate contrariness of what conventional travel guides recommended as the highlights of a journey, is a recurrent theme in the Was nicht im Baedeker steht travel guides. When applied to these guides, Sabine Boomers’ research on nomadic travelling (2004) led us to distinguish four anti-tourist topics: the natural, the futile, the unmentionable and the odd versus the familiar. These topics can also be found in the Dutch imitations of the German series, published as three volumes entitled Wat niet in Baedeker staat. These Dutch guides discuss Amsterdam, Rotterdam and The Hague. The transport of the German anti-tourist concept to the Dutch book-market entailed a transformation that somewhat spoiled the rebellious character of the German travel guides. To fit into the Dutch literary system, a revived version of the early nineteenth-century genre of the ‘physiology’ was adopted by the travel guides of the series Wat niet in Baedeker staat.SamenvattingDe serie reisgidsen die gedurende het Interbellum werd gepubliceerd met de titel Was nicht im Baedeker steht kan antitoeristisch genoemd worden. Het belangrijkste kenmerk van de kritische houding tegenover de alom bekende Baedekers, die een burgerlijke manier van reizen aanbevalen, is ironie. Zielverfehlung, reizen zonder bestemming, een opzettelijke ontkenning van wat in de conventionele reisgidsen werd aangeprezen als de hoogtepunten van een reis, is een terugkerend motief in de reisgidsjes uit de reeks Was nicht im Baedeker steht. Als we Sabine Boomers’ onderzoek naar het nomadische reizen (2004) toepassen op deze gidsen, kunnen we vier antitoeristische thema’s herkennen: het natuurlijke, het onaanzienlijke, het onbespreekbare en de verwevenheid van het vreemde en het vertrouwde. Deze thema’s kunnen ook worden aangetroffen in de Nederlandse navolgingen van de Duitse boekjes, drie delen die verschenen in de reeks Wat niet in Baedeker staat. Het zijn reisgidsjes van Amsterdam, Rotterdam en Den Haag. Het transport van het Duitse antitoeristische concept naar de Nederlandse boekenmarkt zorgde voor een transformatie die afbreuk deed aan het tegendraadse karakter van de Duitse reisgidsen. Om een plaats te verwerven in het Nederlandse literaire systeem grepen de reisgidsen uit de reeks Wat niet in Baedeker staat terug op het vroeg-negentiende-eeuwse genre van de fysiologieën.

The Life of the Dead: Karl Marx in Context

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
Peter C. Caldwell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Actual Practice ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Dead

In Karl Marx: Greatness and Illusion, Gareth Stedman Jones draws a distinction between Marx’s nineteenth-century views and those of twentieth-century Marxism, which abandoned ideas of Marx that seemed outdated. Stedman Jones’ careful reconstruction of Marx’s philosophical, political, and economic thought in the context of the new social thought of the early nineteenth century, however, reveals aspects of Marx that returned to challenge official Marxism. In this respect, Stedman Jones’ conception of intellectual history as the careful placement of ideas in their historical context conflicts with his actual practice of intellectual history, which discovers challenges to the present in past debates.

A history of some fruit models in wax and other materials: scientific teaching aids and courtly table decorations

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-JüRgen Lechtreck
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Visual Aids ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Teaching Aids ◽  
Scientific Teaching ◽  
Glass Marble ◽  
History Of ◽  
By Products ◽  
Wax Models

Two early nineteenth century texts treating the production and use of wax models of fruit reveal the history of these objects in the context of courtly decoration. Both sources emphasise the models' decorative qualities and their suitability for display, properties which were not simply by-products of the realism that the use of wax allowed. Thus, such models were not regarded merely as visual aids for educational purposes. The artists who created them sought to entice collectors of art and natural history objects, as well as teachers and scientists. Wax models of fruits are known to have been collected and displayed as early as the seventeenth century, although only one such collection is extant. Before the early nineteenth century models of fruits made from wax or other materials (glass, marble, faience) were considered worthy of display because contemporaries attached great importance to mastery of the cultivation and grafting of fruit trees. This skill could only be demonstrated by actually showing the fruits themselves. Therefore, wax models made before the early nineteenth century may also be regarded as attempts to preserve natural products beyond the point of decay.

Disease and Civilization: A Scottish Atlantic Network of Physicians in the Enlightenment

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-216
Author(s):  
Sarah Irving-Stonebraker
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Historical Progress ◽  
Practice Of Medicine ◽  
Benjamin Rush ◽  
American Physician ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
A Current

Through an examination of the extensive papers, manuscripts and correspondence of American physician Benjamin Rush and his friends, this article argues that it is possible to map a network of Scottish-trained physicians in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth-century Atlantic world. These physicians, whose members included Benjamin Rush, John Redman, John Morgan, Adam Kuhn, and others, not only brought the Edinburgh model for medical pedagogy across the Atlantic, but also disseminated Scottish stadial theories of development, which they applied to their study of the natural history and medical practices of Native Americans and slaves. In doing so, these physicians developed theories about the relationship between civilization, historical progress and the practice of medicine. Exploring this network deepens our understanding of the transnational intellectual geography of the eighteenth and early nineteenth century British World. This article develops, in relation to Scotland, a current strand of scholarship that maps the colonial and global contexts of Enlightenment thought.

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