Recent trends in the Historiography of the Ottoman Empire in the World War I

2018 ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
Erik Jan Zurcher
1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 549-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahakn N. Dadrian

The deportation of the majority of the Armenian population from the Ottoman Empire during World War I and the massacres that accompanied it are of commanding interest. The paucity of scholarly contributions in this area, however, has impeded the development of interest in the subject, thereby contributing to the nebulous state surrounding the conditions that led to the disappearance of an entire nation from its ancestral territories. Some maintain that this nebulousness is compounded by the intrusion of political calculation.1 At issue is whether or not the disaster was intentionally organized by the Ottoman authorities, and whether or not the scope of Armenian losses bore any relationship to that intention.


1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahakn N. Dadrian

The protracted Turko-Armenian conflict, marked by intermittent massacres, was violently resolved during World War I. By governmental decree the bulk of the Armenian population of the Ottoman Empire was uprooted from its ancestral territories and was committed to a process of deportation that became a process of destruction. The provinces in the interior of Turkey with heavy concentrations of Armenians were thus completely denuded of their indigenous population.Volumes have been produced regarding the instruments and dimensions of this destruction. The carnage was attested to by multitudes of Armenian survivors; by German, Swiss, and American missionaries; and by European and American consuls in the provinces and their ambassadors in Istanbul, the Ottoman capital. The testimony of Austrian and German officers of all ranks who fought in and directed that war alongside the Turks as political and military allies is even more striking.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-50
Author(s):  
Asmat Naz ◽  
Sohail Akhtar ◽  
Saliha Hameed Ullah

Islam is a universal religion and it influenced all over the world with its dispensation. After the migration from Makkah to Madinah, the Holy prophet PBUH constituted a new welfare state. In 8th Hijri after the conquest of Makkah Islam became the dominant religion in Arabia. It provided a great power and Muslims challenged the strong and powerful state of Iran and Rome. Especially, during the pious caliphate from 632-661 A.D Islam spread rapidly and Muslims had become a strong nation of the world. They became powerful ruler of a state which was established in three continents Asia, Europe and Africa during Umayyad, Abbasid and Ottoman time respectively. This strong state was thought indeclinable till 18th century. But the start of 19th century changed this approach as the great Mughal state which was lasting its breath faced debacle in 1857. While the strong Ottoman Empire scattered in to several parts and was occupied by Great Britain, France, Italy and USSR after world War-I. The condition of the Muslim became miserable and they lost all the past glory. This paper highlights the basic causes of Muslim's decline in 20th century.


2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
İrfan Karakoç

<p>Cenap Şahabettin (1871-1934) is generally accepted as a part of the Servet-i Fünûn literary movement which was popular between 1896 and 1901 in the Ottoman Empire. He is well-known as a poet but he had written prose as well. He worked for the Ottoman government as a high ranking executive in Arabic countries and wrote several books during his mission and ensuing travels. <em>Hac Yolunda</em> (On the way to Mecca), <em>Âfâk-ı Irak</em> (Horizons of Iraq) are his travel books. He also published two travel notes under the titles of “Suriye Mektupları” (Letters from Syria) and <em>Beyrut, Filistin ve Nablus İzlenimleri 1918</em> (Impressions from Beirut, Palestine and Nablus 1918). This article focuses mainly on the abovementioned works of the writer. All the works were written between 1896 and 1918, and this period in the history was quite an important one for the Middle East and the Ottoman Empire where significant historical events occurred. The Ottoman Empire was coming to an end, the World War I was effecting every aspect of life and Middle East was taking a new shape. Subject matter of this work, as a result of the period, bound to mention modernity, identity policies, and nation building discourses and practices. These works are important since they provide enough information to find out the writer’s attitude towards the local Arabs, his approach to the common, conventional prejudices, and his own newly created biases. Edward Said’s Orientalism, Ussama Makdisi’s “Rethinking Ottoman Imperialism: Modernity, Violence and the Cultural Logic of Ottoman Reform” and “Ottoman Orientalism” and Selim Deringil’s <em>The Well-Protected Domains: Ideology and the Legitimation of Power in the Ottoman Empire 1876-1909</em> are the main works that used to examine the texts in hand in details.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Özet</strong></p><p>Edebiyat tarihçileri tarafından Servet-i Fünûn dönemi edebiyatı (1896-1901) içerisinde değerlendirilen, düzyazı eserleri olmakla birlikte daha çok şairliğiyle tanınan Cenap Şahabettin (1871-1934), Osmanlı yönetimi altındaki Arap ülkelerinde uzun yıllar yönetici olarak çalışmıştır. Bu görevlerinin ve daha sonra yaptığı seyahatlerin ürünü olarak da <em>Hac Yolunda </em>adlı kitabı<em>, Âfâk-ı Irak</em>, “Suriye Mektupları” ve son olarak ise Beyrut, <em>Filistin ve Nablus İzlenimleri 1918</em> adıyla bir araya getirilen seyahat notlarını yayımlamıştır.</p><p>Bu çalışma, Cenap Şahabettin’in adı geçen eserlerini odağa almayı amaçlamaktadır. Kuşkusuz bu eserlerin anlatı mekânı Orta Doğu’dur ve yazılar 1896-1918 gibi bölge ve dünya siyaseti için çok önemli tarihler arasında üretilmiştir. Konu Osmanlı’nın son yılları, I. Dünya Savaşı, Orta Doğu gibi hem siyasal hem de tarihsel mekânları içerdiğinden ilk akla gelen konular elbette modernleşme, kimlik politikaları ve uluslaşma süreci söylem ve pratikleri olacaktır. İşte bu bağlamdan hareketle, önemli bir Osmanlı şairinin kimlik algısını belirlemek, bölge insanına özellikle de Arap halklarına bakışını, üretilmiş imgelere yaklaşımını görmek, kendi ürettiği imgeleri yorumlamak açısından belirtilen eserler ve yazılar büyük değer taşımaktadır. Bu metinler, özellikle Edward Said’in  <em>Şarkiyatçılık: Batının Şark Anlayışları</em> adlı kitabı, Ussama Makdisi’nin “Rethinking Ottoman Imperialism: Modernity, Violence and the Cultural Logic of Ottoman Reform” ile “Ottoman Orientalism” yazıları ve Selim Deringil’in <em>İktidarın Sembolleri ve İdeoloji: II. Abdülhamid Dönemi (1876-1909)</em> adlı çalışması temel alınarak yorumlanacaktır.</p>


Muzikologija ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 61-89
Author(s):  
Predrag Todorovic

My article deals with an unusual story on the roots of a song that has left a significant imprint on the twentieth century popular music all over the world. It is the song Misirlou, created somewhere on the territory of the Ottoman Empire, probably in Asia Minor. The author of this song is unknown. It was created in the so-called rebetiko musical style, typical of the Greeks from Asia Minor, who developed that style after the World War I. The first recordings of this song were made in the 1930s by Greek musicians Tethos Demetriades and Mihalis Patrinos. In no time, there was a true proliferation of different versions of this song, in almost every possible musical genre: jazz, latino, taksym, klezmer, makam, Serbian folk, hip hop, trash metal, pop and rock?n?roll. A number of these versions are mentioned in the article. The fact that this song is considered by many nations ? Greeks, Turks, Arabs, Serbs, Jews, Americans ? as their own, demonstrates its aptitude for incredible metamorphoses. What attracted me to this song was the story on how it was appropriated into Serbian folk music by the remarkable composer and singer Dragoljub Dragan Tokovic. The song was called Lela Vranjanka [Lela, the girl from Vranje] and became a standard in the so-called ?Vranje folk music?, marvelously interpreted by the singer Stanisa Stosic. I also compare various textual versions of Misirlou, in different languages, in order to show its parallel development in verse.


Author(s):  
Ryan Gingeras

This chapter deals with the impact and legacy of the Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization upon the final years of the Ottoman Empire. Two critical themes are at the center of this study. First, it deals with the ways in which the VMRO (as the group is most commonly termed) was perceived as a representation of terrorism and culture in Ottoman Macedonia by both foreign and native sources. Second, it surveys the Ottoman state’s development of a counterinsurgency strategy to counter the likes of the VMRO and the long-term influence this program had upon the final years of the empire itself. In this later regard, the chapter traces the origins of the Ottoman “çete” (or paramilitary culture) of the Committee for Union and Progress (CUP) to the establishment Special Organization (Teşkilat-ı Mahsusa) during the World War I.


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