scholarly journals Diversity of large and medium mammals in Juchitan, Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
M. Cortés-Marcial ◽  
◽  
Y. M. Martínez Ayón ◽  
M. Briones-Salas ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Didelphis Virginiana ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Urocyon Cinereoargenteus ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Livestock Density ◽  
Isthmus Of Tehuantepec

The Isthmus of Tehuantepec in Oaxaca, Mexico, is one of the country’s most important regions from a zoogeographical perspective due to the large number of endemic Neotropical species found there. Between September 2007 and August 2008, we sampled medium–sized and large mammals in the Juchitan municipality and compared their diversity in two areas with distinct levels of anthropogenic impact, defined according to estimates of human activities, livestock density and habitat degradation, We obtained 167 records of 18 species, with a 79% representation according to species accumulation models in both areas. The highest species richness and alpha diversity were recorded in the preserved area, whereas the disturbed area exhibited half the diversity found in the preserved area. A high interchange of species was also observed between zones. The two species with the largest number of records were Urocyon cinereoargenteus (n = 52) and Didelphis virginiana (n = 42). In both areas, the highest relative abundance occurred during the rainy season. Habitat degradation and human activities seem to affect the diversity of mammal species in the region.

scholarly journals MAMÍFEROS CARNÍVOROS DEL PARQUE NACIONAL LAGUNAS DE CHACAHUA, OAXACA, MÉXICO: RIQUEZA, ABUNDANCIA Y PATRONES DE ACTIVIDAD

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Alejandra Buenrostro-Silva ◽  
Daniela Sigüenza Pérez ◽  
Jesús García-Grajales
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Didelphis Virginiana ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Potential Prey ◽  
Urocyon Cinereoargenteus ◽  
Dasypus Novemcinctus ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Nasua Narica ◽  
Reptile Species

RESUMENLos mamíferos carnívoros desempeñan un rol importante en la estructura de las comunidades; sin embargo, los estudios sobre este grupo son complicados debido a sus estilos de vida, por lo que aún existen vacíos de información biológica. En este estudio se utilizaron trampas cámara en cuatro localidades de la costa central de Oaxaca, México. El trabajo se efectuó de septiembre de 2009 a agosto de 2010, con un esfuerzo total de 1012 días/trampa. Se obtuvieron 160 registros fotográficos independientes de ochos especies de mamíferos carnívoros y respecto a las presas potenciales se registraron cinco especies de mamíferos, dos especies de reptiles y dos grupos (aves y ratones). De acuerdo al Índice de Abundancia Relativa obtenido, los carnívoros más abundantes fueron Spilogale pygmaea, Urocyon cinereoargenteus y Nasua narica, mientras que las presas potenciales más abundantes fueron Didelphis virginiana, Dasypus novemcinctus y el grupo de los ratones. El patrón de actividad de las especies registradas mostró que el 73.8% son de hábitos nocturnos. El ganado vacuno de libre pastoreo mostró una abundancia que podría tener impactos en el ambiente natural y el nivel de recursos disponibles para la fauna silvestre de la región.Palabras clave: Cámaras-trampa, Carnívora, Oaxaca, patrón de actividad, Tututepec.ABSTRACTCarnivorous mammals play an important role on the community structure, however information gaps exist on their current situation debt to their nocturnal habits, evasive behavior and low population densities. In this study, we used camera traps to obtain records of mammal carnivores and their potential prey in four localities in the coastal central of Oaxaca, Mexico. The study was conducted from September 2009 to August 2010, with a total sampling effort of 1,012 trap/days. We obtained 160 independent photographs records of eights carnivorous mammal species and regarding potential prey we obtained five mammals species, two reptile species and two groups (birds and mice). According with the two Relative Abundance Index obtained Spilogale pygmaea, Urocyon cinereoargenteus y Nasua narica were the most abundant carnivorous mammals while that Didelphis virginiana, Dasypus novemcinctus and the mice group were the most abundant potential prey. The activity patterns of the species showed that 73.8% of them are nocturnal. The free range cattle showed an abundance that could have impacts in the natural environment and the level of resources available for the wildlife in the region.Key words: Camera-traps, Carnivora, Oaxaca, activity patterns, Tututepec.

scholarly journals Diversidad, abundancia relativa y patrones de actividad de mamíferos medianos y grandes en una selva seca del Istmo de Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, México

2014 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malinalli Cortés-Marcial ◽  
Miguel Briones-Salas
Keyword(s):  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Didelphis Virginiana ◽  
Tropical Deciduous Forest ◽  
Line Transect ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Isthmus Of Tehuantepec

<p>The use of camera traps and mammal track search are complementary methods to monitoring species of which is not well documented their natural history, as in the case of medium and large mammals. To ensure its conservation and good management, it is necessary to generate information about the structure of the community and their populations. The objective of the present study was to estimate the diversity, relative abundance and activity patterns of medium and large mammals in a tropical deciduous forest located in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, Mexico. Samplings were conducted in three month intervals, from September 2011 to May 2013. We used photographic-sampling and track search, two complementary sampling methods. For photographic-sampling, 12 camera traps were placed covering an area of 60km<sup>2</sup>, while for the tracks search a monthly tour of four line-transect surveys of three kilometers length each was undertaken. We obtained a total of 344 pictures with 5 292 trap-days total sampling effort; in addition, 187 track records in a total of 144km. With both methods we registered 21 species of mammals, in 13 families and seven orders, and five species resulted in new records to the area. The diversity index of Shannon-Wiener obtained with the method of tracks was H´=2.41, while the most abundant species were <em>Urocyon cinereoargenteus</em> (IAR=0.23) and <em>Pecari tajacu</em> (IAR=0.20). By the method of trap the most abundant species were <em>P. tajacu</em> (IAR=2.62) and <em>Nasua narica</em> (IAR=1.22). In terms of patterns of activity <em>P. tajacu</em>, <em>N. narica</em> and <em>Odocoileus virginianus</em> were primarily diurnal species; <em>Canis latrans</em> and <em>Leopardus pardalis</em> did not show preference for any schedule in particular, and <em>Didelphis virginiana</em> and <em>Dasypus novemcinctus</em> preferred to have nocturnal activity. This information can be of help to the creation of programs of management and conservation of mammals of medium and large in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Oaxaca, México.</p>

scholarly journals Climate shapes mammal community trophic structures and humans simplify them

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Mendoza ◽  
Miguel B. Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Trophic Structure ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Feeding Guilds ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Terrestrial Mammal

AbstractNature’s complexity is intriguing, but the circumstances determining whether or how order emerges from such complexity remains a matter of extensive research. Using the geographical distributions and food preferences of all terrestrial mammal species with masses >3 kg, we show that large mammals group into feeding guilds (species exploiting similar resources) and that these guilds form trophic structures that vary across biomes globally. We identify five trophic structures closely matching climate variability and named them boreal, temperate, semiarid, seasonal tropical and humid tropical owing to their relative overlap with the distribution of biomes. We also find that human activities simplify trophic structures, generally transitioning them to species-poorer states. Detected transitions include boreal and temperate structures becoming depauperate or seasonal- and humid-tropical becoming semiarid. Whether the observed generalities among trophic structures of large mammals are indicative of patterns across whole food webs is matter for further investigation. The results help refine projections of the effects of environmental change on the trophic structure of large mammals.

Effectiveness of Protected Areas in Conserving the Highly Hunted Mammal Species as Bushmeat in Southern Benin

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-24
Author(s):  
Chabi A.M.S. Djagoun ◽  
Etotépé A. Sogbohossou ◽  
Barthélémy Kassa ◽  
Christian B. Ahouandjinou ◽  
Hugues A. Akpona ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Occupancy Model ◽  
Habitat Occupancy ◽  
Anthropogenic Habitat ◽  
Lama Forest

Background: The habitat degradation together with fragmentation and illegal hunting represent a major threat for biodiversity conservation in Lama protected areas. Method: We used a combination of questionnaire survey with local communities for ranking the hunted mammal species as bushmeat and track surveys in gridded-cell system of 500x500 m2 (n=268) to assess at what extend the management design, the anthropogenic factors and habitat type affect the occupancy model of those mammal species. Results: Twenty mammal species have been predominantly reported by the local inhabitants to consume bushmeat species and 5 of them have been identified as the most preferable as hunted game mammals. The selection of the preferred habitat among the swampy forest, the dense forest, the tree plantations and cropland for the prioritized game species varies between species but looks similar when grouping in different orders. Some bushmeat species were found to select the more secure habitat (natural forest); suggesting the zoning system in the Lama forest can passively protect those species. However, some species such as T. swinderianus although highly hunted showed preference to anthropogenic habitat, avoiding the well secured core zone in Lama Forest. Conclusion: Our findings highlighted the importance of the zoning system with different management objectives in the habitat occupancy model of the highly hunted wildlife species.

scholarly journals Medium- and large-sized mammal composition in the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park and adjacent areas, state of Goiás, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. e20195942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Átilla Colombo Ferreguetti ◽  
Isadora Cristina Motta Lessa ◽  
Emerson Monteiro Vieira ◽  
André Almeida Cunha ◽  
Helena Godoy Bergallo
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
National Park ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Scaling Analysis ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Dry And Rainy Seasons

The Cerrado is the second largest Brazilian biome and only 2.8% is represented by protected areas. Considering the relevance of the Cerrado and Conservation Units in preserving the mammalian diversity, we provided the first assessment of the diversity of medium- and large-sized mammal species in the Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park (CVNP) and surroundings. We tested the effectiveness of the CVNP by assessing the difference in species composition within the park and its surroundings. We sampled CVNP in the rainy (October-December 2013) and dry seasons (March-June 2014) in order to characterize the seasonality within the community. We selected 36 sampling sites to evaluate the composition of the medium and large mammals in the CVNP and its surroundings, 18 in the CVNP and 18 in the park surroundings. We ordered mammalian composition and frequency of individuals data by using a Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling analysis (NMDS). We assessed the effect of season (dry and rainy seasons) and locality (within the CVNP and surroundings) on mammalian species richness with a two-way analysis of variance (Two-way ANOVA). We recorded 23 species, 13 within the CVNP and 17 species in its surroundings. Composition and frequency of records differed between dry and rainy seasons, with higher richness in the rainy season. Species’ composition and the frequency of records were also different between within the CVNP and its surroundings, with higher richness in the surroundings. These results provide information for the increase of the knowledge of mammalian ecology but also is useful as a tool for future strategies to the conservation of these species. More attention should be given to the monitoring of these species in the long term because this area still harbor some viable populations.

scholarly journals Detecting the Early Genetic Effects of Habitat Degradation in Small Size Remnant Populations of Machilus thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc. (Lauraceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shuntaro Watanabe ◽  
Yuko Kaneko ◽  
Yuri Maesako ◽  
Naohiko Noma
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Allelic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Effects ◽  
Mature Trees ◽  
Japanese Coast ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Machilus Thunbergii

Habitat degradation caused by human activities has reduced the sizes of many plant populations worldwide, generally with negative genetic impacts. However, detecting such impacts in tree species is not easy because trees have long life spans. Machilus thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc. (Lauraceae) is a dominant tree species of broad-leaved evergreen forests distributed primarily along the Japanese coast. Inland habitats for this species have become degraded by human activities. To investigate the effects of habitat degradation on genetic structure, we compared the genetic diversities of mature and juvenile trees of five M. thunbergii populations around Lake Biwa in Japan. Allelic diversity was influenced by past lineage admixture events, but the effects of forest size were not clear. On the other hand, the inbreeding coefficient of the juvenile stage was higher in small populations, whereas large populations maintained panmictic breeding. Also, the extent of genetic differentiation was greater in juveniles than in mature trees. We detected the early genetic effects of habitat degradation in small, isolated M. thunbergii populations, indicating that habitat degradation increases inbreeding and genetic differentiation between populations.

A new species of treefrog of the genus Ptychohyla (Anura: Hylidae) from Southern Mexico

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4317 (2) ◽  
pp. 279 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUIS CANSECO-MÁRQUEZ ◽  
J. LUIS AGUILAR-LÓPEZ ◽  
RICARDO LURÍA-MANZANO ◽  
EDUARDO PINEDA ◽  
ITZUE W. CAVIEDES-SOLÍS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Habitat Degradation ◽  
Habitat Modification ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Pale Pink ◽  
Isthmus Of Tehuantepec ◽  
A New Species

We describe a new species of treefrog of the genus Ptychohyla from southern Mexico occurring to the east of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec. This new species can be distinguished from Mexican congeners by a combination of a pale pink iris and the presence of nuptial excrescences in breeding males. Including this new taxon, the number of species of Ptychohyla increases to 14, with seven of these occurring in Mexico. The new species is relatively common in pristine tropical forests, but appears to be sensitive to habitat degradation and has not been found in human modified habitats, suggesting that habitat modification is a threat for this hylid frog. 

scholarly journals MAMÍFEROS DE MÉDIO E GRANDE PORTE NA ÁREA DE PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL MUNICIPAL DO RIO VERMELHO EM SANTA CATARINA, SUL DO BRASIL

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (03) ◽  
pp. 722-737
Author(s):  
Marcelo Hübel ◽  
◽  
Izar Aximoff ◽  
Antonio Carlos de Freitas ◽  
Clarissa Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Santa Catarina State

MEDIUM AND LARGE MAMMALS IN RIO VERMELHO MUNICIPAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AREA, SANTA CATARINA, SOUTHERN BRAZIL: Most studies on medium and large mammals in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest are carried out in areas under full protection (as parks and biological reserves). Considering the continuing threats that the forest remnants are suffering, it is essential to carry out mammal surveys in protected areas for sustainable use. In order to evaluate the species richness and the relative frequency of medium and large mammals in the área de proteção ambiental municipal do Rio Vermelho – APARV (northern Santa Catarina state), methodologies of direct visualization and camera traps were used. The study was conducted from the beginning of 2015 to the end of 2019. In Santa Catarina state, there is only one study which sampling effort is comparable to the present one (7300 night-trap). Thirty-three native mammal species and two alien species (Canis familiaris and Lepus europaeus) were found. The species accumulation curve tended to stabilize at the beginning of the third year. Three species were responsible for more than half of the photographic records (Cerdocyon thous, Eira barbara and Procyon cancrivorus). In total, 33.3% of the species are classified in some category of threat, and three of these species are among the less recorded in Santa Catarina state (Tayassu pecari, Tapirus terrestris and Mazama nana). Our survey added 18 new occurrences to the APARV management plan. Only two of the 18 mammal surveys carried out previously in the Santa Catarina state recorded more species than our study. This is the second survey which was carried out in protected areas for sustainable use in Santa Catarina state. Our study contributes to the important knowledge that can be used in conservation measures. In this way, the APARV plays a fundamental role for the conservation of the Atlantic Forest mammals, constituting an important area favoring the population movements of mammals.

scholarly journals Survey of medium-sized and large mammals of Piedras Blancas National Park, Costa Rica

Check List ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 939-950
Author(s):  
Maxwell R. W. Beal ◽  
Parker J. Matzinger ◽  
Guido Saborío-R. ◽  
Jonathan Noguera Bristan ◽  
Erik R. Olson
Keyword(s):  
Costa Rica ◽  
National Park ◽  
Alouatta Palliata ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Osa Peninsula ◽  
Biological Corridor ◽  
Saimiri Oerstedii ◽  
Corcovado National Park

Piedras Blancas National Park, in southern Costa Rica, is an important component of two biological corridors connecting the Osa Peninsula (Corcovado National Park) and La Amistad International Park. Understanding the mammal community composition of Piedras Blancas will provide baseline data to evaluate the success of conservation efforts. We used camera traps and opportunistic observations to describe the medium-sized and large mammals of the park. We deployed camera traps for 1,440 trap nights (2016-2018). We detected 19 mammal species from seven orders and 13 families. Five species are globally threatened: Leopardus wiedii (Schinz, 1821), Saimiri oerstedii (Linnaeus, 1758), Ateles geoffroyi (Kuhl, 1820), Alouatta palliata (Gray, 1849), and Tapirus bairdii (Gill, 1865). We did not detect two locally threatened species, Panthera onca (Linnaeus, 1758) and Tayassu pecari (Link, 1795). Our research highlights a need for critical conservation work within the proposed biological corridor to support Costa Rica&rsquo;s most threatened wildlife.

scholarly journals Role of free-ranging mammals in the deposition of Escherichia coli into a Texas floodplain

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israel D. Parker ◽  
Roel R. Lopez ◽  
Reema Padia ◽  
Meghan Gallagher ◽  
Raghupathy Karthikeyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Didelphis Virginiana ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Density Estimates ◽  
Cedar Creek ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Free Ranging

Context The role of wildlife in faecal pollution of water bodies (deposition of Escherichia coli (E. coli)) is not well understood. Current water-quality and land-use planning research largely relies on unreliable wildlife data (e.g. poor sourcing of abundance estimates, population density estimates applied to multiple fundamentally different areas, suspect or insufficiently described data collection techniques) Aims Our goal for the present research was to investigate deposition of E. coli into a floodplain by free-ranging mammals. Objectives of the research were to determine the density of important free-ranging meso- and large mammals in the study area, determine faecal E. coli loads for each species, and evaluate spatial data on species-specific faecal deposition. Methods We conducted our research in south-eastern Texas, USA, on two cattle ranches bisected by Cedar Creek (44-km long). Cedar Creek has elevated E. coli concentrations. We conducted mark–recapture and mark–resight population density estimates (2008/09) for meso- and large mammals in the study areas. We collected faecal samples from all captured wildlife. We also conducted transects through the study area to determine faecal-deposition patterns. Key results We found that raccoons (Procyon lotor), wild pigs (Sus scrofa), Virginia opossums (Didelphis virginiana) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) all had substantial faecal E. coli loads and population densities, thus implying an important role in E. coli deposition into the study floodplain. All species were widely distributed through the floodplain. Conclusions Free-ranging mammals contribute E. coli to floodplains and potentially affect water quality. We determined that four species commonly found in floodplains throughout North America all contributed E. coli to the study floodplain, thus implying mammal E. coli contributions in many locations and this is potentially important for E. coli management. Implications Improved locally specific mammal population estimates and estimates of locally derived E. coli concentration will improve floodplain and water-quality models that often depend on data of various quality. Additionally, our analyses demonstrated the need for continued research into the role of wildlife in E. coli deposition.

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