scholarly journals Seabird temporal composition, abundance and habitat use in Punta La Metalera (Arequipa, Southern Peru)

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-181
Author(s):  
L. M. Vica Taco ◽  
E. Mamani ◽  
C. R. Luque Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Community Studies ◽  
Southern Peru ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Peruvian Coast ◽  
Bird Group ◽  
Sula Variegata ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Near Threatened

Islands, islets, and guano capes provide a unique variety of habitats for seabirds. Their variability determines the structure and dynamics of the community. Studies about the temporal diversity and habitat use of these systems in southern Peru are lacking. The aim of this study was to analyze the abundance, composition, and behavior of seabirds at Punta La Metalera (El Faro) in the province of Islay in the Arequipa region of southern Peru. We recorded a total of 12 species. One of these is endemic to the Peruvian coast (Cinclodes taczanowskii), one is considered in endangered (Spheniscus humboldti), and four have been assigned near threatened status (Phalacrocorax gaimardi, Pelecanus thagus, Sula variegata and Larosterna inca). Some of these birds belong to the guano bird group. Laridae was the most abundant family due to Larosterna inca, which showed the highest number of individuals. Temporal variation showed that species were most abundant in December and January. The habitat was mainly used for resting, preening, and feeding. However, nesting was also recorded for six species. Based on the little information previously available for this region our findings indicate that Punta La Metalera is an important area for the development and reproduction of some of the species recorded.

scholarly journals ESTRUTURA E DINÂMICA EM UMA FLORESTA DENSA DE TERRA FIRME, SUDESTE DO AMAPÁ, BRASIL

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 802
Author(s):  
Ronaldo Oliveira dos Santos ◽  
Rubiene Neto Soares ◽  
Bruno Costa do Rosário ◽  
Robson Borges de Lima ◽  
Jadson Coelho de Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Vertical Structure ◽  
Ecological Groups ◽  
Terra Firme ◽  
The Past ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Major Species ◽  
Diameter Structure ◽  
Terra Firme Forest ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
Late Stages

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a variação da estrutura diamétrica de uma comunidade arbórea em floresta densa de terra firme e dos principais grupos de espécies de estágios iniciais e tardios de sucessão, bem como caracterizar a estrutura vertical da floresta. Em 2016, foram inventariadas todas as árvores com DAP ≥ 10 cm e mensuradas suas alturas. Em 2017, as árvores foram reamostradas. A estrutura diamétrica foi analisada por meio do quociente “q” De Liocourt para: a comunidade, principais espécies de maior VI e os grupos ecológicos (GE). A análise da estrutura vertical da vegetação foi feita pela distribuição do número de árvores nos estratos, utilizando-se três métodos: (I) – Sanquetta (1995), (II) - Souza (1990), e (III) – Souza et al. (2003). A estrutura diamétrica da comunidade e dos GE no período avaliado foi caracterizada por árvores de pequeno porte nas menores classes de diâmetro. O Método II não trouxe bons resultados sobre o comportamento das espécies no estrato médio por apresentar fortes tendências em concentrar um maior número de indivíduos nesse estrato. Os resultados da estrutura altimétrica e diamétrica demonstraram indicativos que a exploração antrópica no passado alterou a estrutura da floresta.Palavras-chave: espécies amazônicas, “q” De Licocourt, estratificação, incremento. STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS IN A DENSE OF TERRA FIRME FOREST, SOUTHEAST OF AMAPÁ, BRAZIL ABSTRACT:The study aimed to analyze the variation of the diameter structure of a arboreal community in a dense terra firme forest and the main groups of species of early and late stages of succession, as well as characterize the vertical structure of the forest. In 2016, all trees with DBH ≥ 10 cm were inventoried and their heights measured indirectly. In 2017, the trees were re-measured. The diametric structure was analyzed using the "q" De Liocourt quotient for: the community, major species of higher (VI) and ecological groups (EG). The analysis of the vertical structure of the vegetation was made by the distribution of the number of trees in the strata, using three methods: (I) – Sanquetta (1995), (II) - Souza (1990), and (III) – Souza et al. (2003). The diametric structure of the community and the EG during the period evaluated was characterized by small trees in the smallest diameter classes. Method II did not bring good results on the behavior of the species in the middle stratum because it presents strong tendencies to concentrate a greater number of individuals in this stratum. The results of the altimetric and diametric structure have demonstrated that antropic exploration in the past has altered the structure of the forest.Keywords: amazonian species, “q” De Licocourt, stratification, increment.

scholarly journals Schooling behavior of Mugil curema (Perciformes: Mugilidae) in an estuary in southeastern Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Delgado de Carvalho ◽  
Carolina Marocco Corneta ◽  
Virginia Sanches Uieda
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
School Structure ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Slow Movement ◽  
Marine Waters ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Schooling Behavior ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Schools of mullets, Mugilidae, are abundant in estuaries and shallow marine waters. We report on the schooling behavior of juvenile white mullet, Mugil curema, in the estuary of the Canto da Paciência stream, in Ubatuba, southeastern Brazil. Schools of small fish (15 to 35 mm TL) were composed of a larger number of individuals (up to a hundred individuals), and were found feeding mainly in shallow nearshore waters, whereas schools of larger fish (40 to 100 mm TL) were observed only in deeper waters. Three patterns of swimming were observed for the schools: stationary feeding, slow movement while searching for food, and rapid displacement. The variations observed in school structure and behavior seem to be related to the balance between predation risk and increasing food intake.

Summer Movements, Home Range, Habitat Use, and Behavior of Mule Deer Fawns

1984 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn J. Riley ◽  
Arnold R. Dood
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Mule Deer ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals Congregating behavior and response to resource distribution of the Green House Millipede, Oxidus gracilis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Bulpitt
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Field Recording ◽  
Litter Cover ◽  
Rock Cover ◽  
Oxidus Gracilis ◽  
Experimental Trials ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Background. Congregating behaviors, though common among many animal species, are little studied among millipedes. It is also unclear to what extent abiotic factors influence the distribution and behavior of millipedes. The species Oxidus gracilis was surveyed around several streams on the island of Mo’orea along with soil moisture, leaf litter cover, and rock cover. Experiments were designed in order to determine how an innate congregating behavior may affect their distributions. Methods. Fifteen transects were performed in the field, recording O. gracilis abundances and the three environmental factors every 1 m. Forty trials were performed using covered bins filled with soil and five fruits of the Tahitian chestnut tree (Inocarpus fagifer). Ten millipedes were placed in the box and left for an hour, after which the number of individuals per fruit was recorded. Results. It was found that while none of the three environmental factors were strong indicators of the distribution of O. gracilis , individuals did in fact demonstrate a tendency to congregate in the experimental trials. Discussion. The lack of significant relationships with the three environmental parameters suggests a generalist behavior of this millipede species, potentially benefitting its invasive nature. The congregating behavior could potentially be for the purposes of mating or defense. Although not studied in this paper, it is possible that conspecific chemical cues are responsible.

scholarly journals Habitat use by domestic reindeer in relation to food quality and disturbance - need for research? (In Swedish with Summary in English)

Rangifer ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Christina Skarpe ◽  
Duncan Halley
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Grazing Land ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Very High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Vegetation Maps ◽  
And Behavior

Competition for land in the mountains can be foreseen to increase in the near future. This development will result in trade offs and prioritization between the different demands for land. For reindeer husbandry it is essential to motivate the need for control over good grazing land for different seasons and situations, not only by preventing direct exploitation of such land, but also to minimize disturbance by traffic and people in the vicinity. It will therefore be important to demonstrate in quantitative terms 1) what habitat types and areas that are essential for the reindeer in different seasons and situations and for different activities (grazing, resting, protection for insects etc), and 2) how different forms and intensities of disturbance affect the reindeer. We plan a project with these aims and will primarily work with the summer grazing situation. For many years we have run a similar project related to sheep grazing in the vicinity of Hessdalen, and we have developed methods and techniques that to a large extent are applicable to reindeer. We will discuss methods and results from the sheep study, how they can apply to reindeer, and provide the quantitative information needed. We use modern, high resolution GPS telemetry with very high spatial resolution (95% within ca 6.4 m), and frequent recording, e.g., every five minutes during some periods. This provides knowledge not only of the movements by the animals in the landscape, but also on their activities and will be related to vegetation maps with the same accuracy as the telemetry data (from aerial photographs, offering higher resolution than available satellite data). Results show that sheep use only a very small portion of the available rangeland, and that selectivity varies with season and weather conditions. Almost certainly the situation is similar with reindeer, although the two species have rather different grazing pattern, with reindeer being much more mobile than sheep. We plan to use the same methods to describe what habitats and areas are essential for reindeer, and how it varies over time, with weather, insect abundance etc. The highly accurate telemetry also provides possibilities to quantify how different types and intensities of disturbance affects the habitat use and behavior of the different reindeer categories.

scholarly journals Killer whale presence drives bowhead whale selection for sea ice in Arctic seascapes of fear

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (12) ◽  
pp. 6590-6598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory J. D. Matthews ◽  
Greg A. Breed ◽  
Bernard LeBlanc ◽  
Steven H. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Use ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystem ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Bowhead Whale ◽  
Apex Predators ◽  
Killer Whales ◽  
Ice Dynamics ◽  
Bowhead Whales ◽  
And Behavior

The effects of predator intimidation on habitat use and behavior of prey species are rarely quantified for large marine vertebrates over ecologically relevant scales. Using state space movement models followed by a series of step selection functions, we analyzed movement data of concurrently tracked prey, bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus;n= 7), and predator, killer whales (Orcinus orca; n= 3), in a large (63,000 km2), partially ice-covered gulf in the Canadian Arctic. Our analysis revealed pronounced predator-mediated shifts in prey habitat use and behavior over much larger spatiotemporal scales than previously documented in any marine or terrestrial ecosystem. The striking shift from use of open water (predator-free) to dense sea ice and shorelines (predators present) was exhibited gulf-wide by all tracked bowheads during the entire 3-wk period killer whales were present, constituting a nonconsumptive effect (NCE) with unknown energetic or fitness costs. Sea ice is considered quintessential habitat for bowhead whales, and ice-covered areas have frequently been interpreted as preferred bowhead foraging habitat in analyses that have not assessed predator effects. Given the NCEs of apex predators demonstrated here, however, unbiased assessment of habitat use and distribution of bowhead whales and many marine species may not be possible without explicitly incorporating spatiotemporal distribution of predation risk. The apparent use of sea ice as a predator refuge also has implications for how bowhead whales, and likely other ice-associated Arctic marine mammals, will cope with changes in Arctic sea ice dynamics as historically ice-covered areas become increasingly ice-free during summer.

DON’T FEED THE BEARS! ENVIRONMENTAL DEFENSIVE EXPENDITURES AND SPECIES-TYPICAL BEHAVIOR IN AN OPTIMAL GROWTH MODEL

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Antoci ◽  
Simone Borghesi ◽  
Paolo Russu
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Growth Process ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Social Planner ◽  
Species Survival ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Number Of Individuals

Many studies have stressed that human activities may cause the extinction of single species. Anthropogenic activities, however, may affect not only the number of individuals of single species, but also their behavior. To investigate this issue, we propose a growth model in which agents may care not only for the species’ survival but also for the typicality of their behavior. We assume that the environmental defensive expenditures can protect the species avoiding their extinction, but can induce the species to modify their behavior. Results emerging from the model suggest that if the social planner cares for typicality of species behavior, then an infinite growth process may no longer be optimal. Numerical simulations, moreover, show the possible existence of a trade-off between number and behavior of the species, leading the system to a high number of species’ members that behave in an atypical way or to few members behaving very typically.

Factors Affecting WiFi Use Intention

2012 ◽  
pp. 1760-1781
Author(s):  
Despo Ktoridou ◽  
Hans-Ruediger Kaufmann ◽  
Christos Liassides
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communications ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Underlying Factor ◽  
The Past ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Attitudes And Behavior ◽  
Number Of Individuals ◽  
The Web

Wireless communications are here to stay; nevertheless, a number of individuals are still reluctant to use them for accessing the Web. This urges providers to better understand the concerns of consumers in order to better position the products and services in the market and to reduce the barriers that consumers may have in using WiFi – Wireless Fidelity Internet technologies. The present quantitative study was carried out for the purpose of assessing the effect of a number of constructs, identified in the past to affect the use of IT and WiFi use intention, as well as identifying the underlying factor structure of these constructs. It further aimed to assessing the overall attitudes and behavior of consumers towards WiFi use, as well as identifying and comparing WiFi users and non-users’ overall behavior towards WiFi use and their perceptions of factors determining WiFi adoption.

Issues Based on Species Life History and Behavior

2021 ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Veech
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Habitat Use ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Radio Telemetry ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Habitat Characteristics ◽  
Habitat Analysis ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Behavior

Species vary tremendously in their life histories and behavior. The particular life history traits and behavior of the focal species must be considered when designing a study to examine habitat associations. For some species, individuals use different areas (of the landscape or territory) for breeding and foraging. As such, the important characteristics for the foraging and breeding habitats may be different. The dramatically different life stages of some organisms (e.g., amphibians and some insects) often correspond to equally dramatic differences in habitat use between juveniles and adults. For some species, habitat use differs among seasons. Species that are highly mobile and have individuals that move around substantially on a daily or weekly basis are particularly challenging for a habitat analysis. For these species, the most efficient and appropriate study design may be one that tracks individuals (through radio-telemetry or GPS) and analyzes the environmental or habitat characteristics at locations where the individual has stopped, rather than trying to survey for the species in pre-established and insufficiently small survey plots. In addition, individual movement and the issues mentioned above may necessitate that environmental variables are measured and analyzed at multiple spatial scales.

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