Employees who cannot be dismissed on a previously submitted resignation letter at their own will

Juridical science ◽

10.32844/2222-5374-2020-105-3.58 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 476-481

Author(s):

В.М. Зеленський

Keyword(s):

Free Will ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Single Mothers ◽

Employment Contract ◽

Child With A Disability

The article focuses on defining those categories of employees who cannot be dismissed on a previously submitted resignation letter at their own free will, if such an employee did not leave the work. It has been established that, generally, these are all employees, except cases where an employee has already been invited to a place to be dismissed and the conclusion of an employment contract must not be denied. It is proposed to provide enhanced protection for certain categories of people, even when the specified employee has already been invited. These categories include as follows: pregnant women, women with children under three-year age, single mothers with a child under fourteen years old or a child with a disability.

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Midwifery and Maternity Care for Single Mothers in Eighteenth-Century Wales

Social History of Medicine ◽

10.1093/shm/hky092 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 394-416

Author(s):

Angela Joy Muir

Keyword(s):

Eighteenth Century ◽

Early Modern ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Single Mothers ◽

Maternity Care ◽

Homogeneous Group ◽

Poor Law ◽

Safe Delivery ◽

History Of Childbirth ◽

History Of

Summary The history of childbirth in England has gained increasing momentum, but no studies have been carried out for Wales, and therefore the nature of childbirth in early modern Wales remains largely unknown. This article seeks to redress this imbalance in two ways: First, by examining Welsh parish, court and ecclesiastical records for evidence of those who attended parturient women. This evidence demonstrates that Welsh midwives were not a homogeneous group who shared a common status and experience, but were a diverse mix of practitioners drawn from a range of socioeconomic backgrounds. Secondly, by assessing the care these practitioners provided to some of the most marginalised in Welsh society: unmarried pregnant women. Parish resources were limited, and poor law provision often covered only what was considered absolutely necessary. Analysis of what was deemed essential for the safe delivery of illegitimate infants provides a revealing glimpse of to the ‘ceremony of childbirth’ in eighteenth-century Wales.

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Strike is a Fundamental Right for Workers

International Conference on Eurasian Economies 2013 ◽

10.36880/c04.00599 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Faruk Andaç

Keyword(s):

Free Will ◽

Working Conditions ◽

Trade Union ◽

Employment Contract ◽

River Seine

Strike is a temporary action for a mass refusal of employees to work in order to ensure that their demands are met. It is called “Strike” in English (which means to break, to burn, to attack) because the first strike events occurred in England as which involved breaking the machines using brake blocks. Workers used to show their reactions towards their employer as by breaking the machines. The same phenomenon existed also in France. Workers in France used to leave their working places all together and go to the Greve area next to River Seine and seek solution to their problems in the cafes. This is how the concept of going on strike, Aller à la Grève (in French), was adopted by Turkish. Strike is a right for workers. It is to leave a workplace unanimously. It is not considered a reason for annulment of employment contract. It is legal and aims to ameliorate the working conditions. Workers should possess the same conditions as their employer in order to determine working conditions by their own free will. Although the employer seems to possess a stronger position as he/she owns the workplace, the workers may possess the same rights as their employers by becoming members of a trade union. When the workers and the employer are unable to reach an agreement on the working conditions, all the workers leave their workplace and go on strike. They partially or completely hamper the activities of the employer. During the strike the workers do not receive their salaries.

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Legality of Dismissal of Employees Working Irregular Hours for Appearance at Work in a State of Alcoholic, Narcotic or Other Kind of Intoxication

Actual Problems of Russian Law ◽

10.17803/1994-1471.2020.121.12.122-130 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (12) ◽

pp. 122-130

Author(s):

I. S. Tsypkina

Keyword(s):

Law Enforcement ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Working Hours ◽

Legal Regulation ◽

Legal Basis ◽

Labor Disputes ◽

Work Time ◽

Employment Contract ◽

The Russian Federation

The paper analyzes the issues related to irregular working hours, which arise due to the lack of proper legal regulation of this legal category. The author emphasizes that the inclusion of the irregular working hours provision into the employment contract is primarily determined by the employee’s labor functions, since it is the performance of this labor function that conditions particular working hours as the regular working hours may be not enough. In addition, the paper highlights the problem of the permissibility of establishing irregular working hours for pregnant women and persons for whom reduced working hours are established. The author concludes that the spread of the rule regarding the possibility of drawing a parallel between the restrictions provided for by Art. 99 and 101 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation currently has no legal basis. In this regard, the author attempts to find ways to resolve this problem. The paper identifies controversial and ambiguously resolved in law enforcement issues that arise when resolving labor disputes related to the termination of an employment contract with an employee who is at work in a state of alcoholic, drug and other kind of intoxication, outside the established duration of working hours. For the purpose of uniform application of the current legislation, it should be assumed that for workers with irregular working hours, all the time they are at work is considered work time.

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Sentimentos vivenciados por primigestas

Revista de Enfermagem UFPE on line ◽

10.5205/1981-8963-v12i4a231096p916-922-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 916

Author(s):

Geisiane Sousa Nunes ◽

Kamila Nethielly Souza Leite ◽

Thoyama Nadja Felix de Alencar Lima ◽

Ana Paula Dantas Silva Paulo ◽

Talita Araujo de Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Family Planning ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Single Mothers ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Pregnancy Anxiety ◽

Lack Of Information ◽

First Time ◽

Simple Statistical Analysis ◽

Nursing Professional ◽

Structured Questionnaire

RESUMOObjetivo: desvelar os principais problemas relacionados aos sentimentos vivenciados e enfrentados pelas primigestas. Método: estudo quantitativo, exploratório-descritivo. A amostra foi composta por 17 primigestas. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um questionário previamente estruturado. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística simples e disponibilizados através de tabelas com auxílio do programa Excel Office 2013. Resultados: identificou-se que o maior número das primigestas entrevistas está gerando o filho com idade inferior aos 30 anos, sendo a maioria mãe solteira, e que apesar da gravidez por muitas vezes nao ter sido planejada referenciam sentir amor pelo filho, apresentando também um índice significativo de ansiedade pelo estado que se encontram e por falta de informação ou orientação de enfermagem. Conclusão: diversos sentimentos são relatados em relação à primeira gestação, a ansiedade é um dos sentimentos mais visíveis. Tal fator pode tornar algumas condutas dificultadas, sendo possível perceber que o profissional de enfermagem fornece orientações adequadas e que a participação do enfermeiro no tocante ao planejamento familiar e acompanhameto de primigestas é relevante. Ressalta-se a importância da continuade de estudos voltados a esta temática. Descritores: Primigestas; Sentimentos; Enfermagem; Saúde da Mulher; Gestantes; Planejamento Familiar.ABSTRACT Objective: to unveil the main problems related to the feelings experienced and faced by the first- time pregnant women. Method: this is a quantitative, exploratory-descriptive study. The sample consisted of 17 first-time pregnant women. The instrument of data collection was a previously structured questionnaire. The data were submitted to simple statistical analysis and available through tables with the help of the Excel Office 2013 program. Results: it was identified that the largest number of first-time pregnant women interviews is generating the child under 30 years old, most of them are single mothers, and that although pregnancy has often not been planned they refer to feeling love for the child, also presenting a significant index of anxiety by the state that are and for lack of information or nursing guidance. Conclusion: several feelings are reported regarding the first pregnancy, anxiety is one of the most visible feelings. This factor can make some behaviors difficult, and it is possible to perceive that the nursing professional provides adequate guidelines and the participation of nurses in family planning and accompanying of first-time pregnant women is relevant. The importance of the continuity of studies on this subject is highlighted. Descriptors: First-time pregnant women; Feelings; Nursing; Women's Health; Pregnant women; Family planning. RESUMEN Objetivos: desvelar los principales problemas relacionados a los sentimientos vividos y enfrentados por las primigestas. Método: estudio cuantitativo, exploratorio-descriptivo. La muestra fue compuesta por 17 primigestas. El instrumento de recolección de datos fue un cuestionario previamente estructurado. Los datos fueron sometidos al análisis estadístico simple y disponible a través de tablas con el auxilio do programa Excel Office 2013. Resultados: se identificó que el mayor número de las primigestas entrevistadas está generando al hijo con edad inferior a los 30 años, siendo la mayoría madres solteras, y que a pesar del embarazo por muchas veces no haber sido planeada referencian sentir amor por el hijo, presentando también un índice significativo de ansiedad por el estado que se encuentran y por falta de información u orientación de enfermería. Conclusión: diversos sentimientos son relatados en relación a la primera gestación, la ansiedad es uno de los sentimientos más visibles. Tal factor puede tornar algunas conductas dificultadas, siendo posible percibir que el profesional de enfermería fornece orientaciones adecuadas y que la participación del enfermero en el planeamiento familiar y acompañamiento de primigestas es relevante. Se resalta la importancia de la continuidad de estudios dirigidos a esta temática. Descriptores: Primigestas; Sentimientos; Enfermería; Salud de la Mujer; Gestantes; Planificación Familiar.

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Certain Application Issues of the Article 145 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation

Journal of Russian Law ◽

10.12737/21527 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 (10) ◽

pp. 0-0

Author(s):

Сергей Юрков ◽

Sergey Yurkov

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Woman ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Criminal Code ◽

Criminal Process ◽

Employment Contract ◽

The Russian Federation

The article considers some issues of application of the Article 145 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The number of convicts under this article has been exhibited in this work, and it also identifies a number of reasons why this Article, in the author´s opinion, has almost never been applied in practice. In particular, the reasons for non-application of the Article 145 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in practice are: unwillingness of pregnant women to protect their rights in criminal process; difficulty in proving unjustified refusal to enter into an employment contract with a pregnant woman; an evaluative character of an indicia — “unreasonable refusal”; differentiation problems of crime components under the Article 145 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation and the administrative offences’ components provided for by the Article 5.27 of the Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation. It is also identified that there is discriminatory provision due to absence of guidance in the Article 145 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation about such a victim, like a man who has a child under the age of three years old. The conclusion defines the necessity to decriminalize a crime under the Article 145 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation.

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Singlewomen and Illicit Pregnancy in Late Medieval France

French Historical Studies ◽

10.1215/00161071-9005021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 529-558

Author(s):

Sara McDougall

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Single Mothers ◽

Careful Analysis ◽

Late Medieval ◽

Medieval France ◽

Wide Range ◽

Women And Children ◽

Moyen Âge ◽

Moyen Age

Abstract This article examines the consequences of extramarital pregnancy for women in late medieval France. Pregnancy outside marriage is typically thought of as a disaster for women and children alike and for their families. However, careful analysis of records of royal pardon, other legal and prescriptive sources, and a wide range of other materials all suggests otherwise. The article demonstrates that, at least for some single mothers in late medieval France, illicit pregnancy did not necessarily mean disaster at all. Pregnant women could help themselves, and were helped by others. All this has important implications for our understanding of the regulation of sexuality and reproduction in late medieval France, and of the role of mercy in medieval justice. Cet article examine les conséquences des grossesses illicites pour les mères célibataires dans le Nord de la France à la fin du Moyen Age. La grossesse hors mariage est traditionnellement considérée comme une catastrophe pour les mères et les enfants, ainsi que pour leurs familles. Une analyse des documents relatifs à la grâce royale, d'autres sources juridiques et normatives et d'un large éventail d'autres documents suggère tout le contraire. L'article montre que, du moins pour certaines mères célibataires de la France médiévale tardive, une grossesse illicite ne signifie pas nécessairement une catastrophe. Les mères pouvaient s'aider elles-mêmes et étaient aidées par d'autres. Cette conclusion a des implications importantes pour la réglementation de la sexualité et de la reproduction, et pour le rôle de la miséricorde dans la justice médiévale.

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Combating Pregnancy Discrimination in the Netherlands

Anti-Discrimination Law in Civil Law Jurisdictions ◽

10.1093/oso/9780198853138.003.0008 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 157-175

Author(s):

Susanne Burri

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Labour Market ◽

Flexible Work ◽

Employment Contract ◽

Work Relations ◽

Pregnancy Discrimination

The Dutch Institute for Human Rights offers an easy accessible complaint procedure free of charge and has more recently focused on enforcing Dutch and EU anti-discrimination law in relation to pregnancy. In the context of a labour market increasingly characterized by so-called flexible work relations, recent research commissioned by this equality body shows that the non-renewal of a fixed-term employment contract of pregnant women is widespread. Proving that pregnancy was one of the reasons for the non-renewal of a contract often presents difficulties in practice, however. The enhanced awareness of the prohibition of pregnancy discrimination might even result in more hidden forms of discrimination, turning combating pregnancy discrimination into quite a challenge.

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