scholarly journals Ecology-economical damage assessment under water pollution

1970 ◽  
pp. 35-38
Author(s):  
O Shandyba ◽  
S Khursenko ◽  
E Semernya
Keyword(s):  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Direct Calculation ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Statistical Monitoring ◽  
Marketing Analysis ◽  
Delayed Action ◽  
The Cost

Due to human morbidity due to environmental pollution, society suffers significant economic losses. In the procedure for assessing damage and planning security measures, two main stages are usually distinguished, consisting of a direct calculation of various financial and other types of damage and a marketing analysis with minimization of the “cost - prevented damage” ratio. In the latter case, it is necessary to have not only a representative statistical monitoring database pollution and morbidity, but also acceptable optimization models with certain risks of manifestation of hazardous pollution factors. The hurra of damage assessment and cost optimization is limited only by the granulation composition of mineral fertilizers and the water-protective effect of the prolonged (delayed) action of larger granules.

scholarly journals Ecology-economic estimation of damage from water pollution

2019 ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
A.B. Shandyba ◽  
S.M. Khursenko ◽  
O.V. Semernya
Keyword(s):  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Direct Calculation ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Protection Effect ◽  
Human Contamination ◽  
Marketing Analysis ◽  
The Cost

The society is suffering significant economic losses due to the incidence of human contamination with environmental pollution. There are two main steps to be taken when assessing damage and planning security measures: 1) direct calculation of various financial and other types of damage, and 2) marketing analysis with minimization of the cost-to-damage ratio. In the latter case, it is necessary to have not only a statistical database of pollution and morbidity monitoring, but also an acceptable optimization model with identified risks of exposure to hazardous pollution factors. In the approach proposed in the article, the procedure for estimation of damage and cost optimization is limited only by the granulation composition of mineral fertilizers and the water protection effect of the prolonged (slow) action of larger granules.

Method for Cost Evaluation of the Environmental Degradation of Water

2011 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 1627-1633
Author(s):  
Ling Jia ◽  
Chang Hai Qin ◽  
Hong Gan
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Cost Evaluation ◽  
Source Control ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Calculation Results ◽  
The Cost ◽  
First Time ◽  
Operational Methods

Evaluation of the cost of the environmental degradation of water is one of the difficulties in the System of Environmental-Economic Accounting for Water. In this study, the concept of the cost of the environmental degradation of water was analyzed for the first time. Based on a discussion of evaluation methods related to environmental degradation of water at home and abroad, and the characteristics of the cost of the environmental degradation of water, a set of relatively complete and operational methods to evaluate the cost of the environmental degradation of water was proposed. The calculation results obtained using the Taihu Basin as an example showed that the cost of the environmental degradation of water based on the damage assessment method was four times greater than that based on the cost assessment method. These findings indicate that source control of pollutants provides environmental protection, while reducing the cost of the environmental degradation of water and avoiding economic losses.

scholarly journals Wind and Rain Losses for Metal-clad Contemporary Houses Subjected to Non-cyclonic Windstorms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Qin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Wind Damage ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Extreme Wind ◽  
Loss Modelling ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Extreme Winds

Severe windstorms cause millions in losses annually for housing in Southeast Australia that has more than half of Australia’s population. The risk assessment for housing in these non-cyclonic regions is the key to assessing the cost-effectiveness of relevant wind mitigation measures to reduce the economic losses. This study develops a probabilistic risk assessment framework to evaluate the wind and rain losses for Australian contemporary houses subjected to non-cyclonic windstorms, which integrates the hazard modelling for extreme wind and associated rainfall, reliability-based wind damage assessment, rainwater intrusion evaluation and economic loss modelling. The risk analysis was conducted for metal-clad contemporary houses in Brisbane and Melbourne. It was found that damage to building interior and contents 18 caused by rainwater intrusion associated with extreme winds is the major contributor to the annual expected economic losses, and houses in Brisbane are generally subjected to higher losses than houses in Melbourne.

Cost Optimization of Net-Zero Energy House

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
George A. Mertz ◽  
Gregory S. Raffio ◽  
Kelly Kissock
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Resource Limitations ◽  
Net Zero Energy ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Building Energy Use ◽  
The Cost

Environmental and resource limitations provide increased motivation for design of net-zero energy or net-zero CO2 buildings. The optimum building design will have the lowest lifecycle cost. This paper describes a method of performing and comparing lifecycle costs for standard, CO2-neutral and net-zero energy buildings. Costs of source energy are calculated based on the cost of photovoltaic systems, tradable renewable certificates, CO2 credits and conventional energy. Building energy simulation is used to determine building energy use. A case study is conducted on a proposed net-zero energy house. The paper identifies the least-cost net-zero energy house, the least-cost CO2 neutral house, and the overall least-cost house. The methodology can be generalized to different climates and buildings. The method and results may be of interest to builders, developers, city planners, or organizations managing multiple buildings.

Impact of High Resolution 3D Geomechanics on Well Optimization in the Southern Gulf of Suez, Egypt

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Elkhawaga ◽  
Wael A. Elghaney ◽  
Rajarajan Naidu ◽  
Assef Hussen ◽  
Ramy Rafaat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Pore Pressure ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Wellbore Stability ◽  
Gulf Of Suez ◽  
Geomechanical Model ◽  
3D Geomechanical Model ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Optimizing the number of casing strings has a direct impact on cost of drilling a well. The objective of the case study presented in this paper is the demonstration of reducing cost through integration of data. This paper shows the impact of high-resolution 3D geomechanical modeling on well cost optimization for the GS327 Oil field. The field is located in the Sothern Gulf of Suez basin and has been developed by 20 wells The conventional casing design in the field included three sections. In this mature field, especially with the challenge of reducing production cost, it is imperative to look for opportunites to optimize cost in drilling new wells to sustain ptoduction. 3D geomechanics is crucial for such cases in order to optimize the cost per barrel at the same time help to drill new wells safely. An old wellbore stability study did not support the decision-maker to merge any hole sections. However, there was not geomechanics-related problems recorded during the drilling the drilling of different mud weights. In this study, a 3D geomechanical model was developed and the new mud weight calculations positively affected the casing design for two new wells. The cost optimization will be useful for any future wells to be drilled in this area. This study documents how a 3D geomechanical model helped in the successful delivery of objectives (guided by an understanding of pore pressure and rock properties) through revision of mud weight window calculations that helped in optimizing the casing design and eliminate the need for an intermediate casing. This study reveals that the new calculated pore pressure in the GS327 field is predominantly hydrostatic with a minor decline in the reservoir pressure. In addition, rock strength of the shale is moderately high and nearly homogeneous, which helped in achieving a new casing design for the last two drilled wells in the field.

Research Progress in Oil Spill Damage Assessment

2013 ◽  
Vol 405-408 ◽  
pp. 2409-2413
Author(s):  
Cheng Fei Niu ◽  
Ming He Zhu ◽  
Dong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Damage Assessment ◽  
Fuzzy Neural Network ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Environmental Restoration ◽  
Fuzzy Neural

Marine oil spill does cause huge economic losses and brings serious damages to the marine ecological environment. Therefore, how to claim compensation for oil spill damages has become very crucial for the environmental restoration. In recent years, many researchers have designed various kinds of assessment models for evaluating oil spill damages. This paper analyzes these assessment models, discusses the legal claim and technology claim, finally the suggestions for further research of oil spill damage assessment is proposed, and then the application of fuzzy neural network in technology assessment is also recommended.

The cost competitiveness, competitiveness and sustainability of the hospitality industry in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 432-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhu Vij
Keyword(s):  
Hospitality Industry ◽  
Cost Optimization ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Present Context ◽  
Cost Competitiveness ◽  
Internal Operations ◽  
The Cost

Purpose This study aims to provide a comprehensive treatment of the various issues surrounding the concept of the cost competitiveness, competitiveness and sustainability of the hospitality industry. We also investigate how innovations in the Indian hospitality industry can optimize costs without compromising the quality of the product or the services offered. Design/methodology/approach The methodology used is mainly survey-based with the use of both structured and unstructured questionnaires. In addition, some interviews were conducted with policy-makers and academics to explore from their perspectives what might be the innovations and sustainability issues in the next decade. Findings The paper helps to identify the essential aspects of cost competitiveness, competitiveness and sustainability in the hospitality industry and to better understand if cost optimization can be accomplished simply by realigning process or cost. These issues have become very important in India in the present context of globalization. Practical implications With growing competition on a global level, the hospitality industry needs to proactively manage its internal operations and focus on reducing costs and raising service quality. In this context, the paper helps to reveal sustainable cost effective practices that are geared to today’s competitive environment. Originality/value The inspiration to write this paper arises from the recent global economic slowdown and the fact that the hospitality industry is confronted with growing competition on a global level. This study highlights how value can be created for customers by applying suitable strategies.

scholarly journals Evaluating Counterterrorism Spending

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Mueller ◽  
Mark G. Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit ◽  
September 11 ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Successful Attack ◽  
Security Measure ◽  
Reduce Risk ◽  
The Cost

In this article, we present a simple back-of-the-envelope approach for evaluating whether counterterrorism security measures reduce risk sufficiently to justify their costs. The approach uses only four variables: the consequences of a successful attack, the likelihood of a successful attack, the degree to which the security measure reduces risk, and the cost of the security measure. After measuring the cost of a counterterrorism measure, we explore a range of outcomes for the costs of terrorist attacks and a range of possible estimates for how much risk might be reduced by the measure. Then working from this mix of information and assumptions, we can calculate how many terrorist attacks (and of what size) would need to be averted to justify the cost of the counterterrorism measure in narrow cost–benefit terms. To illustrate this approach, we first apply it to the overall increases in domestic counterterrorism expenditures that have taken place since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and alternatively we apply it to just the FBI's counterterrorism efforts. We then evaluate evidence on the number and size of terrorist attacks that have actually been averted or might have been averted since 9/11.

scholarly journals UNIVERSITY CYBER SECURITY AS A METHOD FOR ANTI-FISHING FRAUD

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Irina Tatomur
Keyword(s):  
Cyber Security ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Cyber Attacks ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Phishing Attacks

Introduction. With the rapid adoption of computer and networking technologies, educational institutions pay insufficient attention to the implementation of security measures to ensure the confidentiality, integrity and accessibility of data, and thus fall prey to cyber-attacks. Methods. The following methods were used in the process of writing the article: methods of generalization, analogy and logical analysis to determine and structure the motives for phishing attacks, ways to detect and prevent them; statistical analysis of data – to build a chronological sample of the world's largest cyber incidents and determine the economic losses suffered by educational institutions; graphical method – for visual presentation of results; abstraction and generalization – to make recommendations that would help reduce the number of cyber scams. Results. The article shows what role cyber security plays in counteracting phishing scams in the educational field. The motives for the implementation of phishing attacks, as well as methods for detecting and preventing them, have been identified and regulated. The following notions as "phishing", "submarine" and "whaling" are evaluated as the most dangerous types of fraud, targeting both small and large players in the information chain of any educational institution. An analytical review of the educational services market was conducted and a chronological sampling of the largest cyber incidents that occurred in the period 2010-2019 was made. The economic losses incurred by colleges, research institutions and leading universities in the world were described. It has been proven that the US and UK educational institutions have been the most attacked by attackers, somewhat inferior to Canada and countries in the Asia-Pacific region. It is found that education has become the top industry in terms of the number of Trojans detected on devices belonging to educational institutions and the second most listed among the most affected by the ransomware. A number of measures have been proposed to help reduce the number of cyber incidents. Discussion. The obtained results should be taken into account when formulating a strategy for the development of educational institutions, as well as raising the level of awareness of the representatives of the academic community in cybersecurity. Keywords: phishing, cyber security, cyber stalkers, insider threat, rootkit, backdoor.

ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN TREATMENT OF PARTIAL DEGENERATIVE DAMAGES OF THE ROTARYBICEPITAL COMPLEX

2021 ◽  
pp. 126-130
Author(s):  
А.V. Savchuk ◽  
◽  
О.A. Danilenko ◽  
Е.R. Makarevich ◽  
Е.V. Zhuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Medical Technologies ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
New Treatment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The City

The authors studied the economic efficiency of conservative treatment of 196 patients with injuries of the rotator-bicepital complex on the basis of the City Clinical Hospital № 6 in Minsk for the period from 2013 to 2020 using the developed approaches and the introduction of new technologies. As a result of shortening the length of stay of patients in a hospital with the use of new treatment technologies, it can reduce the cost of money. The total economic effect was 30726 BYN. The study of the parameters of economic efficiency indicates the feasibility of using the introduced medical technologies. As a result, the total amount of savins from reducing economic losses amounted to 24 006 BYN.

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