scholarly journals Patterns of Late Glacial vegetation in The Netherlands

1997 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Wim Z. Hoek
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Landscape Type ◽  
Database Structure ◽  
Pollen Content ◽  
Pollen Diagrams ◽  
European Pollen Database

Abstract. The Weichselian Late Glacial (ca. 13,000 - 10,000 years BP) marks the transition from the cold Weichsel Late Pleniglacial to the warmer Holocene. During this period the climate rapidly changed as did the vegetation and the abiotic landscape. The vegetational development of the Weichselian Late Glacial in The Netherlands is determined firstly by the large-scale changes in climate and in the second place by local variations in lithology, geomorphology and hydrology. Pollen diagrams from different areas, embracing the same time-stratigraphical interval, often show clear variations in vegetation history, which can not be explained on climatological grounds alone. In The Netherlands over 400 palynological sections, covering a part or the whole of the Weichselian Late Glacial, have been investigated by several institutes. For the compilation of the data from over 250 pollen diagrams, use was made of the European Pollen Database structure. Dated shifts in the arboreal pollen content constitute the basis of a regional zonation scheme. With the help of this, iso-pollen maps of main taxa were constructed for different time-windows within the Weichselian Late Glacial. The dense network of palynological observation sites in The Netherlands permitted the drafting of high-resolution iso-pollen maps of the period considered. A clear relationship can be recognized between the iso-pollen patterns and the landscape type. Thus, it should be possible to distinguish more clearly between climate and other abiotic agencies of the environment which affected vegetational development.

scholarly journals Medieval impacts on the vegetation around the confluence of the river Meuse and its tributary the Swalm, the Netherlands

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corrie Bakels
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Black Death ◽  
Anthropogenic Stress ◽  
River Meuse ◽  
Pollen Diagrams ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Middle Ages

AbstractThe vegetation history of the area around the confluence of the rivers Meuse and Swalm (the Netherlands) during the Middle Ages is covered by two pollen diagrams. The diagram Swalmen reveals a large-scale deforestation as a result of the foundation of a nobleman's homestead around 950. The diagram Syperhof shows a period during which the forest partly returns after a long history of unremitting anthropogenic stress. This temporary phenomenon is ascribed to the onslaught of the Black Death in 1349. Both diagrams provide evidence of the start of buckwheat growing.

scholarly journals Abiotic landscape and vegetation patterns in the Netherlands during the Weichselian Late Glacial

2000 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.Z. Hoek
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vegetation Patterns ◽  
Vegetation Development ◽  
Pollen Diagrams ◽  
Landscape Types ◽  
Geomorphological Processes ◽  
Close Interrelationship

AbstractThe Late Glacial landscape of the Netherlands was a landscape with changing geomorphology and vegetation. Glacial, eolian and fluvial processes in the time before the Late Glacial initially had formed the main landscape types that still existed during the Late Glacial. In these landscape types, geomorphological processes persisted, particularly during intervals when the vegetation cover was discontinuous. Vegetation development initiated soil formation and stabilised the substratum. On the other hand, the abiotic landscape influenced vegetation development, and particularly vegetation patterns.The Late Glacial vegetation patterns, changing in time, have been reconstructed on the basis of a palynological database containing the data from over 250 pollen diagrams from the Netherlands. Patterns of vegetation and abiotic landscape appear to compare to each other in many instances, indicating the close interrelationship between vegetation and the abiotic landscape.

Reconstruction of Holocene vegetation history in three dimensions at Waun-Fignen-Felen, an upland site in South Wales

1988 ◽  
Vol 322 (1209) ◽  
pp. 159-219 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Vegetation History ◽  
Human Impacts ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Pollen Diagrams ◽  
Blanket Peat

Sixteen sites in and around a small upland bog in South Wales were investigated by means of pollen analysis and radiocarbon dating. Most of the sites have ombrogenous (blanket) peat overlying a thin basal mor with abundant charcoal. A Devensian Late-glacial basin filled with muds and reedswamp deposits is shown to underlie the blanket peat in part of the area. It is concluded that the outlet of the basin was probably blocked by the development of ombrogenous peat, perhaps around 6500 years BP (though not closely dated), which spread across the basin and later up its western shore. The pollen diagrams are divided into a series of pollen assemblage zones. The zone boundaries appear synchronous within the limits of the methods. Hazel played an important role in the woodland vegetation of the pre-peat mineral soils. This woodland had generally been replaced by heath and blanket peat by about 6000 years BP. Nevertheless, some woodland apparently persisted locally in areas where peat or mor accumulation had not yet begun. Alder appears to have been established in the basin area by ca . 7000 years BP and to have spread more widely some 500—1000 years later, possibly taking advantage of environmental damage caused by Mesolithic man, evidence of whose occupation is found in the area. It is concluded that Mesolithic man was probably responsible for making a small clearing in the woodland at ca . 8000 years BP when the first mor deposit began to accumulate. Heath vegetation first came into existence at about this time and there is circumstantial evidence of maintenance by burning. Heath conditions lasted in some areas until ca . 5500 years BP and on the more permeable soils podsolization took place. It is argued that the accumulation of relatively impermeable mor soils under heath was a major factor in the initiation of ombrogenous peat growth. This most generally began in the period ca . 5500-5800 years BP though it was both earlier ( ca . 7600 years BP) and later ( ca . 4000 years BP) in some areas. A comparison is made of the behaviour of certain pollen curves at the major sites in which it is found that sites with common features fall into spatially coherent groups. It is concluded, therefore, that the pollen diagrams often reflect vegetational changes taking place in relatively small areas. A reconstruction of the vegetational changes in the 4000 years after ca . 8000 years BP is made by means of a series of maps. The classical elm decline of the Atlantic-Sub-boreal transition ( ca . 5000-5500 years BP) is variably represented and there follows a series of three other declines or minima dated to ca . 4600 years BP, ca . 4000 years BP and ca . 2850 years BP (though again with some possible variability). The Bronze Age appears to have been a time of major human impacts on the local vegetation with some woodland regeneration taking place in the earlier Iron Age before a renewed period of clearance that persisted through Romano-British times.

Bottlenecks in the Implementation of On-Site Wastewater Treatment Plants on a Large Scale in The Netherlands

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Frits A. Fastenau ◽  
Jaap H. J. M. van der Graaf ◽  
Gerard Martijnse
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Definition Of

More than 95 % of the total housing stock in the Netherlands is connected to central sewerage systems and in most cases the wastewater is treated biologically. As connection to central sewerage systems has reached its economic limits, interest in on-site treatment of the domestic wastewater of the remaining premises is increasing. A large scale research programme into on-site wastewater treatment up to population equivalents of 200 persons has therefore been initiated by the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment. Intensive field-research work did establish that the technological features of most on-site biological treatment systems were satisfactory. A large scale implementation of these systems is however obstructed in different extents by problems of an organisational, financial and/or juridical nature and management difficulties. At present research is carried out to identify these bottlenecks and to analyse possible solutions. Some preliminary results are given which involve the following ‘bottlenecks':-legislation: absence of co-ordination and absence of a definition of ‘surface water';-absence of subsidies;-ownership: divisions in task-setting of Municipalities and Waterboards; divisions involved with cost-sharing;-inspection; operational control and maintenance; organisation of management;-discharge permits;-pollution levy;-sludge disposal. Final decisions and practical elaboration of policies towards on-site treatment will have to be formulated in a broad discussion with all the authorities and interest groups involved.

scholarly journals Social Media in and Around a Temporary Large-Scale Refugee Shelter in the Netherlands

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 205630512110249
Author(s):  
Peer Smets ◽  
Younes Younes ◽  
Marinka Dohmen ◽  
Kees Boersma ◽  
Lenie Brouwer
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Crisis Communication ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Policies ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Top Down ◽  
And Migration

During the 2015 refugee crisis in Europe, temporary refugee shelters arose in the Netherlands to shelter the large influx of asylum seekers. The largest shelter was located in the eastern part of the country. This shelter, where tents housed nearly 3,000 asylum seekers, was managed with a firm top-down approach. However, many residents of the shelter—mainly Syrians and Eritreans—developed horizontal relations with the local receiving society, using social media to establish contact and exchange services and goods. This case study shows how various types of crisis communication played a role and how the different worlds came together. Connectivity is discussed in relation to inclusion, based on resilient (non-)humanitarian approaches that link society with social media. Moreover, we argue that the refugee crisis can be better understood by looking through the lens of connectivity, practices, and migration infrastructure instead of focusing only on state policies.

scholarly journals Holocene vegetation, fire and land use dynamics at Lake Svityaz, an agriculturally marginal site in northwestern Ukraine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Schwörer ◽  
Erika Gobet ◽  
Jacqueline F. N. van Leeuwen ◽  
Sarah Bögli ◽  
Rachel Imboden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Fire Dynamics

AbstractObserving natural vegetation dynamics over the entire Holocene is difficult in Central Europe, due to pervasive and increasing human disturbance since the Neolithic. One strategy to minimize this limitation is to select a study site in an area that is marginal for agricultural activity. Here, we present a new sediment record from Lake Svityaz in northwestern Ukraine. We have reconstructed regional and local vegetation and fire dynamics since the Late Glacial using pollen, spores, macrofossils and charcoal. Boreal forest composed of Pinus sylvestris and Betula with continental Larix decidua and Pinus cembra established in the region around 13,450 cal bp, replacing an open, steppic landscape. The first temperate tree to expand was Ulmus at 11,800 cal bp, followed by Quercus, Fraxinus excelsior, Tilia and Corylus ca. 1,000 years later. Fire activity was highest during the Early Holocene, when summer solar insolation reached its maximum. Carpinus betulus and Fagus sylvatica established at ca. 6,000 cal bp, coinciding with the first indicators of agricultural activity in the region and a transient climatic shift to cooler and moister conditions. Human impact on the vegetation remained initially very low, only increasing during the Bronze Age, at ca. 3,400 cal bp. Large-scale forest openings and the establishment of the present-day cultural landscape occurred only during the past 500 years. The persistence of highly diverse mixed forest under absent or low anthropogenic disturbance until the Early Middle Ages corroborates the role of human impact in the impoverishment of temperate forests elsewhere in Central Europe. The preservation or reestablishment of such diverse forests may mitigate future climate change impacts, specifically by lowering fire risk under warmer and drier conditions.

scholarly journals Late Glacial and Holocene plant cover in Węgliny, Lubsza Plain, south-west Poland, based on pollen analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Jurochnik ◽  
Dorota Nalepka
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Analysis ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Anaerobic Sediments ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Pollen Diagrams ◽  
Laacher See Tephra ◽  
Late Glacial And Holocene

ABSTRACT Late Glacial (since Oldest Dryas) and Holocene (to Subatlantic) changes of vegetation at the Węgliny site (south-west Poland) are reconstructed based mainly on pollen analysis of five cores from the palaeobasin (anaerobic sediments). The chronology of the described events is based on palynological comparison with the Lubsza Plain environs, based on LPAZs from several published pollen diagrams on 14C data, and multiple cryptotephra levels determined in the Węgliny profiles. The Węgliny record integrates well into the north European Holocene and Late Glacial biostratigraphic framework. The Węgliny site is the next (fourth) locality in Poland where the Laacher See Tephra (LST) horizon within the Allerød chronozone was identified.

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