scholarly journals The Radical Ideas of Mary Wollstonecraft

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Mary Wollstonecraft ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Road ◽  
Socialist Feminism ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Close Study ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Radical Ideas

Recent scholarship on Mary Wollstonecraft portrays her as either a liberal who disrupts the boundaries between public and private spheres or as a proto-socialist paving the road for a class-based feminism. Neither of these characterizations adequately captures the radical quality of her work. A close study of her views on class and family place her squarely within the liberal tradition of political economy. While she politicizes these institutions and, in so doing represents a threat to the late nineteenth-century British ruling classes, she neither disrupts the basic tenets of liberalism nor seriously anticipates the class insights of socialist feminism.

scholarly journals The Radical Ideas of Mary Wollstonecraft

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Mary Wollstonecraft ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Road ◽  
Socialist Feminism ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Close Study ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Radical Ideas

Recent scholarship on Mary Wollstonecraft portrays her as either a liberal who disrupts the boundaries between public and private spheres or as a proto-socialist paving the road for a class-based feminism. Neither of these characterizations adequately captures the radical quality of her work. A close study of her views on class and family place her squarely within the liberal tradition of political economy. While she politicizes these institutions and, in so doing represents a threat to the late nineteenth-century British ruling classes, she neither disrupts the basic tenets of liberalism nor seriously anticipates the class insights of socialist feminism.

scholarly journals The Radical Ideas of Mary Wollstonecraft

1999 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 427-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Mary Wollstonecraft ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Road ◽  
Liberal Tradition ◽  
Socialist Feminism ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Close Study ◽  
Radical Ideas

AbstractRecent scholarship on Mary Wollstonecraft portrays her as either a liberal who disrupts the boundaries between public and private spheres or as a proto-socialist paving the road for a class-based feminism. Neither of these characterizations adequately captures the radical quality of her work. A close study of her views on class and family place her squarely within the liberal tradition of political economy. While she politicizes these institutions and, in so doing represents a threat to the latenineteenth-century British ruling classes, she neither disrupts the basic tenets of liberalism nor seriously anticipates the class insights of socialist feminism.

scholarly journals Identity considerations for a psychology based on a complex epistemology

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Jaramillo Estrada
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Active Part ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Way

Born in the late nineteenth century, within the positivist paradigm, psychology has made important developments that have allowed its recognition in academia and labor. However, contextual issues have transformed the way we conceptualize reality, the world and man, perhaps in response to the poor capacity of the inherited paradigm to ensure quality of life and welfare of human beings. This has led to the birth and recognition of new paradigms, including complex epistemology, in various fields of the sphere of knowledge, which include the subjectivity, uncertainty, relativity of knowledge, conflict, the inclusion of "the observed" as an active part of the interventions and the relativity of a single knowable reality to move to co-constructed realities. It is proposed an approach to the identity consequences for a psychology based on complex epistemology, and the possible differences and relations with psychology, traditionally considered.

Machines, Markets, and Labor: The Carriage and Wagon Industry in Late-Nineteenth-Century Cincinnati

1977 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward P. Duggan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Innovative Process ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Important Center ◽  
Fuel Costs

Students of the innovative process in American manufacturing have emphasized the scarcity of labor and the consequent need for labor-saving machines. In the late nineteenth century one of the country's largest manufacturing industries was the production of carriages, which, in its most important center, Cincinnati, was organized on a mass production basis. But Professor Duggan finds that problems of the quantity and quality of labor were secondary in carriage factories, compared to other factors such as fuel costs, factory space, and the need to stabilize the quality and price of vehicles marketed by the industry as a whole.

“Impressions Which Will Never Be Lost”: Missionary Periodicals for Protestant Children in Late-Nineteenth Century Canada and New Zealand

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 388-393
Author(s):  
Hugh Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Literary Form ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Juvenile Literature ◽  
Child Agency ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Adequate Analysis

Despite extensive engagement, children were invisible in the programs of the nineteenth-century Protestant missionary conferences. By the early 1900s this had noticeably changed as denominations and missionary organizations sought to maximize and enhance juvenile missionary interest. Childhood was the key stage in which to establish habits; the future depended upon “the education of the childhood of the race, in missionary matters as in all others.” Literature was pivotal and periodicals were deemed to be the most effective literary form. They provided the young with “impressions which will never be lost . . . nothing will appeal to the young more strongly than stories from beyond the seas, of strange people who know not of Christ, but who need His gospel.” Juvenile missionary periodicals were ubiquitous in Britain, Europe, and America, but they are still only partially understood. Adult and juvenile literature was qualitatively different so that “any adequate analysis . . . requires to be grounded in an understanding of the construction of childhood in the Victorian and Edwardian eras.” This task remains very much a work in progress. Most recent scholarship tends to discursively situate children's periodicals with respect to religion, culture, and politics. All agree on at least a broad two-fold function: the spiritual and the philanthropic. Periodicals per se were an integral part of a large and pervasive Victorian corpus of juvenile religious and moral literature. At the same time missionary periodicals were different. They emphasized child agency by encouraging a “participatory relationship” between readers and their subject. Children became active agents “in a diaologic relationship with [their] world.”

The Treatment of the News in mid-Victorian Newspapers

1977 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 23-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Brown
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Daily News ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Daily Telegraph ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Times

This paper is concerned with the way in which news was handled by the four main London dailies, The Times, the Daily News, the Daily Telegraph and the Standard which, by the late 1870s, enjoyed the largest circulations. They differed from each other considerably in character and history, and in the kind of historical record which they have left behind. Much more is known about The Times than about any of the others. In the 1860s it was a 16-page paper, costing 3d, with a circulation declining slowly from 65,000 to 60,000. The fact that it could maintain this circulation, when it was three times as expensive as its main rivals, is by itself evidence of the value that contemporaries placed upon it. It had far greater assets than any of its rivals, and the Walter family were willing to invest heavily in the paper as and when funds were needed. Its greater resources were shown, partly in its technical equipment, and partly in the range and quality of writing in the paper itself. The Times had more correspondents reporting more frequently and fully from more European capitals than its rivals, and much of its prestige had been derived from that fact. It also employed in London a staff of educated writers such as George Brodrick and Robert Lowe. Unlike its rivals it could afford to pay salaries which enabled it to impose on its writers the condition that they wrote for it exclusively. (The lives of a number of notable late nineteenth-century journalists show that they tried to make up income by writing too much simultaneously, for too many different publications.)

The Road Cess, Civilizing Missions and the World of the Landholders in Nineteenth-century Bengal

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Paulami Guha Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Road ◽  
The World ◽  
Permanent Settlement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Practical Experiences

This article follows the debate on the implementation of the road cess in late nineteenth-century Bengal. To understand how ‘cess’ was defined, it enters the discussion on the problematic category of the ‘local’. The debate in the official circles mainly addressed two questions: whether ‘cess’ was a legal tax or not, and whether cess should be a local tax or a centralized one. The thematic division of the article coincides with the chronology of the road cess in India. The Bengal District Road Cess Act was passed in 1871. The debate on the appropriate incidence of the tax—whether its burden was to be borne by travellers on these roads, or by landholders for the construction of the roads—had intensified by the 1850s. Decades earlier, in the 1810s, the revenue officers of Bengal set out to inquire into the probable existence of a road tax in Shahabad district of Bihar. This article will trace the protracted stages of the history of the road cess in India from the 1780s to 1900, traversing through the theoretical debates on the Permanent Settlement and the practical experiences of cess collection in various districts.

The Blessing of Ham: Genesis 9:1 in Early African American Biblical Scholarship

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Jeremy Schipper
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
George Washington ◽  
Biblical Scholarship ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Much of the recent scholarship on Noah’s curse (Genesis 9:20–27) has focused on how the myth of Ham has factored into debates over slavery and other anti-Black biblical interpretations. Yet Sylvester A. Johnson argues convincingly that in the late nineteenth century, the “myth of Ham” was used primarily to explain racial origins rather than to justify or condemn slavery. To provide nuance to Johnson’s point, this article argues that some influential nineteenth-century African American scholars whom Johnson discusses interpreted the story of racial origins in the myth of Ham as an outgrowth of a divine blessing that Ham shared with his brothers in Genesis 9:1–19. This blessing, they argued, was unrelated to Noah’s curse of Canaan in Genesis 9:20–27. This article focuses on the exegetical arguments made by James W. C. Pennington, Alexander Crummell, Benjamin Tucker Tanner, and George Washington Williams.

Caste as Performance: Ayyankali and the Caste Scripts of Colonial Kerala

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Vivek V. Narayan
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Road ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Busy Street ◽  
The Right ◽  
Exclusive Right

The crowded marketplace in Thiruvananthapuram (aka Trivandrum) thronged with people in the late nineteenth century. Men and women clad in white mundu teemed about the busy street buying oil and salt, horseshoes and iron farm implements, coarse cloth, coir rope, jaggery, and palm toddy. The men were mostly bare-chested, though some, unmindful of the sweltering heat, wore white long shirts or an upper-body cloth. While a few young women wore printed blouses, many, particularly the older women, wore no upper-body clothes except for large, beaded necklaces made of red-colored stones. Most people, with the exception of the men who clothed their upper body, walked along the sides of the road, leaving the path clear for the occasional bullock cart. These bullock carts, also known as villuvandi, carried young men-about-town, almost exclusively landowning, upper-caste Nairs. Dressed in a spotless white shirt, white mundu, and matching white turban, the Nair riding his villuvandi assumed the haughty air of a master surveying his subjects; out to observe his inferiors as much as be seen as a superior. These Nairs, and other upper-caste men and women, had the exclusive right of way, on bullock cart or on foot, the right to wear clean white clothes, and, of course, the right to ride a villuvandi. These rights were codified through caste-based rules or norms known as jati maryada, which governed all aspects of social behavior.

scholarly journals A Perspective for Japan: Fukuzawa Yukichi’s “Theory of Civilization”, 1875

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 47-66
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Seifert
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Organizational Development ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Japanese Society ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Road ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This paper discusses the thought of Fukuzawa Yukichi, probably the most influential Japanese intellectual of the late nineteenth century, with particular reference to his attempt to develop a theory of civilization. For him, the civilizational approach was a framework for reflection on Japan’s situation in the world after the great changes of the 1850s and 1860s. He saw the preservation of national independence and the reform of Japanese society as primary goals, but they necessitated extensive learning from the experience and achievements of more advanced societies, especially those of Western Europe and the United States. However, he did not advocate a purely imitative Westernization. Japan’s distinctive identity and autonomous international stance were to be maintained. To clarify the reasons for transforming Japan in light of Western models without capitulating to them, he outlined an evolutionary conception of social change, understood in terms of an advance towards civilization. That kind of progress was not only a matter of technical and organizational development; it also involved the mobilization of whole peoples. On this basis, Fukuzawa articulated a more democratic vision of Japan’s future than the road subsequently taken by the Meiji government.

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