scholarly journals Alcohol dependence treatment in the EU: A literature search and expert consultation about the availability and use of guidelines in all EU countries plus Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Rehm ◽  
Maximilien X. Rehm ◽  
Hannu Alho ◽  
Allaman Allamani ◽  
Henri-Jean Aubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Treatment Goal ◽  
Expert Consultation ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Keywords Alcohol ◽  
Reduced Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Treatment ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Rehm, J., Rehm, M. X., Alho, H., Allamani, A., Aubin, H., Bühringerm G,m Daeppen, J., Frick, U., Gual, A., & Heather, N. (2013). Alcohol dependence treatment in the EU: A literature search and expert consultation about the availability and use of guidelines in all EU countries plus Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland. International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, 2(2), 53-67. doi: 10.7895/ijadr.v2i2.89 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v2i2.89) Aim: To describe guidelines and common practices for alcohol dependence treatment in Europe. Design: Systematic and qualitative review; for each country, guidelines were identified via systematic literature research, followed by interviews with treatment experts. Setting: European Union (EU) countries plus Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland. Participants: Experts in alcohol dependence treatments and treatment systems. Measure: Semi-structured questionnaire for interviews. Findings: While fewer than half of EU countries have formal national guidelines for alcohol dependence treatment, a majority of these countries have guidelines by professional organizations such as psychiatric or neuropsychopharmacologic societies, and several are currently developing such guidelines. Abstinence is the usual treatment goal, but the majority of countries accept reduction of drinking as an intermediate or secondary goal, in practice even more than in the guidelines. Psychotherapy, mainly cognitive-behavioral approaches, motivational interviewing, and family therapy, is the most common treatment for relapse prevention, in part accompanied by pharmacotherapy (disulfiram, acamprosate and naltrexone being used most often). Conclusions: There are differences in treatment for alcohol dependence in Europe. The introduction of reduction of drinking as one treatment goal may attract more patients. Keywords alcohol dependence, treatment, abstinence, reduced drinking, pharmacotherapy

scholarly journals Alcohol dependence treatment in the EU: A literature search and expert consultation about the availability and use of guidelines in all EU countries plus Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Rehm ◽  
Maximilien X. Rehm ◽  
Hannu Alho ◽  
Allaman Allamani ◽  
Henri-Jean Aubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Treatment Goal ◽  
Expert Consultation ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Keywords Alcohol ◽  
Reduced Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Treatment ◽  
The Eu

Abstract Rehm, J., Rehm, M. X., Alho, H., Allamani, A., Aubin, H., Bühringerm G,m Daeppen, J., Frick, U., Gual, A., & Heather, N. (2013). Alcohol dependence treatment in the EU: A literature search and expert consultation about the availability and use of guidelines in all EU countries plus Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland. International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, 2(2), 53-67. doi: 10.7895/ijadr.v2i2.89 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v2i2.89) Aim: To describe guidelines and common practices for alcohol dependence treatment in Europe. Design: Systematic and qualitative review; for each country, guidelines were identified via systematic literature research, followed by interviews with treatment experts. Setting: European Union (EU) countries plus Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland. Participants: Experts in alcohol dependence treatments and treatment systems. Measure: Semi-structured questionnaire for interviews. Findings: While fewer than half of EU countries have formal national guidelines for alcohol dependence treatment, a majority of these countries have guidelines by professional organizations such as psychiatric or neuropsychopharmacologic societies, and several are currently developing such guidelines. Abstinence is the usual treatment goal, but the majority of countries accept reduction of drinking as an intermediate or secondary goal, in practice even more than in the guidelines. Psychotherapy, mainly cognitive-behavioral approaches, motivational interviewing, and family therapy, is the most common treatment for relapse prevention, in part accompanied by pharmacotherapy (disulfiram, acamprosate and naltrexone being used most often). Conclusions: There are differences in treatment for alcohol dependence in Europe. The introduction of reduction of drinking as one treatment goal may attract more patients. Keywords alcohol dependence, treatment, abstinence, reduced drinking, pharmacotherapy

scholarly journals Alcohol dependence treatment in the EU: A literature search and expert consultation about the availability and use of guidelines in all EU countries plus Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Rehm ◽  
Maximilien Rehm ◽  
Hannu Alho ◽  
Allaman Allamani ◽  
Henri-Jean Aubin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Treatment Goal ◽  
Professional Organizations ◽  
Expert Consultation ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Treatment ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
The Eu

Rehm, J., Rehm, M. X., Alho, H., Allamani, A., Aubin, H., Bühringerm G,m Daeppen, J., Frick, U., Gual, A., & Heather, N. (2013). Alcohol dependence treatment in the EU: A literature search and expert consultation about the availability and use of guidelines in all EU countries plus Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland. International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, 2(2), 53-67. doi: 10.7895/ijadr.v2i2.89 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v2i2.89)Aim: To describe guidelines and common practices for alcohol dependence treatment in Europe.Design: Systematic and qualitative review; for each country, guidelines were identified via systematic literature research, followed by interviews with treatment experts.Setting: European Union (EU) countries plus Iceland, Norway, and Switzerland.Participants: Experts in alcohol dependence treatments and treatment systems.Measure: Semi-structured questionnaire for interviews.Findings: While fewer than half of EU countries have formal national guidelines for alcohol dependence treatment, a majority of these countries have guidelines by professional organizations such as psychiatric or neuropsychopharmacologic societies, and several are currently developing such guidelines. Abstinence is the usual treatment goal, but the majority of countries accept reduction of drinking as an intermediate or secondary goal, in practice even more than in the guidelines. Psychotherapy, mainly cognitive-behavioral approaches, motivational interviewing, and family therapy, is the most common treatment for relapse prevention, in part accompanied by pharmacotherapy (disulfiram, acamprosate and naltrexone being used most often).Conclusions: There are differences in treatment for alcohol dependence in Europe. The introduction of reduction of drinking as one treatment goal may attract more patients.

scholarly journals Reduced Drinking in Alcohol Dependence Treatment, What Is the Evidence?

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl Mann ◽  
Henri-Jean Aubin ◽  
Katie Witkiewitz
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Reduced Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Treatment

Forming an effective financial and investment environment in the eu countries-experience for Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 4-13
Author(s):  
Ryzhyuk Yevgeny
Keyword(s):  
Banking System ◽  
Executive Branch ◽  
Investment Environment ◽  
Financial Investment ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Currency Exchange ◽  
Clearing System ◽  
Financial Infrastructure ◽  
Supranational Level ◽  
The Eu

The subject of the research is a set of institutional institutions and organizational and managerial relations that effectively regulate the financial and investment environment in the EU countries, comparing them with Ukrainian realities.The goal of writing this article is to develop practical and scientific-methodicalrecommendations on how to increase the efficiency of using financial and investment potential based on the experience of EU countries. The methodology of thework-system-structural and comparative studies (to understand the logic of thefunctioning of institutions that form the investment environment and the mechanisms of their interaction); monographic analysis (in studying the problems ofattracting investors); historical and economic analysis (in assessing the state andprospects of the European, as well as the Ukrainian economy). Results of work -it is revealed that modern European regulators are aimed at forming a holisticinvestment and financial infrastructure and investment platform at the supranational level. It was proposed to carry out further liberalization of currency regulation in Ukraine in order to transform it into a convenient and efficient electronicautomated currency exchange system and introduce the integration of the domestic depository system into the international depositary clearing system Clearstream.It was noted that the financial and investment environment in Ukraine is blockedand domestic monopolies are interested in this, thanks to lobbying in the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine and in the executive branch they have distorted financial,investment and currency legislation for their interests and needs. Conclusions-thepresence of a holistic investment and financial infrastructure in the EU countriesis due to the gradual convergence and unification of legislation at the nationallevel to the supranational level. In addition, it is reasonably high investment positions of Ireland in the world and it was proposed to use this experience to createa favorable financial and investment environment in Ukraine. Note that the formation of the financial and investment environment in Ukraine according to European standards is hampered by: oligarchic monopolies, which parasitizes mainly onnatural monopolies; government corruption; confusing and incomprehensible legislation for investors; high tax rates and tax administration system; instability ofthe banking system, the risks of hryvnia devaluation; the insecurity of landagrarian relations; as well as armed conflict in the east of Ukraine.

The Service Sector in the Economy in Poland and European Union Countries

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-207
Author(s):  
Walentyna Kwiatkowska
Keyword(s):  
Service Sector ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Total Employment ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Gross Value Added ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
Sector Theory ◽  
The Eu

The role of the service sector in the economy is increasing in the process of socio-economic development. This tendency has been confirmed and explained by the three-sector theory formulated by A.G.B. Fisher, C. Clark, and J. Fourastie. The main goal of the paper is to show development tendencies in service sectors in Poland and the EU countries and assess them in view of the three-sector theory. The share of the service sector in the total employment and in the total gross value added in the years 2005-2013/2014 will be analysed together with two sub-sectors including market and non-market services. The research shows that the share of the service sector in total employment and total gross value added has been recently increasing in Poland as well as in other EU countries, but there is a gap in this process between Poland and the most developed EU countries. Moreover, in Poland, the role of market services has been recently increasing much faster than the role of non-market services. 

Constitutional and Legal Restrictions in the European Union Countries in the Context of the COVID 19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
A. V. Kuznetsov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
International Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
Legal Restrictions ◽  
Restrictive Measures ◽  
The Eu

The article examines the norms of international law and the legislation of the EU countries. The list of main provisions of constitutional and legal restrictions in the European Union countries is presented. The application of the norms is described Human rights conventions. The principle of implementing legal acts in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is considered. A comparative analysis of legal restrictive measures in the States of the European Union is carried out.

scholarly journals Appropriateness of antibiotics for medical prophylaxis: evaluation of data from the Italian PPS-2

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Cremona ◽  
J Garlasco ◽  
I Gintoli ◽  
A D'Ambrosio ◽  
F Quattrocolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Therapy ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
High Rate ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Prevalence Survey ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Healthcare Associated ◽  
Evaluation Of Data ◽  
The Eu ◽  
Made In

Abstract Background Antibiotics (AB) are administered for medical prophylaxis (MP) to prevent infectious complications. The second national point prevalence survey (PPS) of healthcare-associated infections and AB use was conducted in Italy in 2016-2017. The survey found MP accounted for nearly 25% of all registered ABs, more than twice the EU/EEA proportion. The aim of this study was to evaluate how many ABs were administered for MP and how frequently general indications were followed. Methods Data from the PPS were used to evaluate the prevalence of indications for MP over the total number of ABs, the proportion - among these indications - of those justified by a motivation in the patients' charts, and the prevalence of ABs considered appropriate for MP. The evaluation was made in 12 hospitals out of 14 participating in the PPS in Piedmont, chosen on the basis of patient traceability. According to national guidelines, the indications for MP that were considered appropriate in this study were: Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for P. carinii pneumonia, Rifaximin for diverticulitis, Penicillin for Streptococcal infections and for splenectomized patients, and Rifampin for TB infections. Results 1844 AB prescriptions were registered among 1334 traceable inpatients in Piedmont. The prevalence of indications for MP was 16.2% and 253 ABs (84.6%) were prescribed with a motivation. Only 3% of ABs registered as MP were appropriate for this indication: Bactrim 2%, Rifaximin 0.3%, Penicillin 0.2% and Rifampin 0.4%. Conclusions This study found an extremely high rate of inappropriate ABs for MP, that will be further investigated through qualitative analysis of medical records to evaluate whether a misunderstanding of the PPS protocol occurred and empirical therapy was confused with MP. Nevertheless, this study highlighted the need for interventions to improve prescribing appropriateness for MP. Key messages This study found that only 2.98% of ABs registered as MP among traceable patients in Piedmont were appropriate for this indication. 15.38% of prescriptions for MP were not justified by a motivation. Interventions to improve prescribing appropriateness for MP could lead to a considerable reduction in inappropriate use of ABs, which is crucial in a country facing hyperendemic levels of AMR.

scholarly journals Changes in Energy Consumption in Agriculture in the EU Countries

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1570
Author(s):  
Tomasz Rokicki ◽  
Aleksandra Perkowska ◽  
Bogdan Klepacki ◽  
Piotr Bórawski ◽  
Aneta Bełdycka-Bórawska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Research Hypothesis ◽  
The Eu

The paper’s main purpose was to identify and present the current situation and changes in energy consumption in agriculture in the European Union (EU) countries. The specific objectives were the determination of the degree of concentration of energy consumption in agriculture in the EU countries, showing the directions of their changes, types of energy used, and changes in this respect, establishing the correlation between energy consumption and changes in the economic and agricultural situation in the EU countries. All member states of the European Union were deliberately selected for research on 31 December 2018 (28 countries). The research period covered the years 2005–2018. The sources of materials were the literature on the subject, and data from Eurostat. Descriptive, tabular, and graphical methods were used to analyze and present materials, dynamics indicators with a stable base, Gini concentration coefficient, concentration analysis using the Lorenz curve, coefficient of variation, Kendall’s tau correlation coefficient, and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. A high concentration of energy consumption in agriculture was found in several EU countries, the largest in countries with the largest agricultural sector, i.e., France and Poland. There were practically no changes in the concentration level. Only in the case of renewable energy, a gradual decrease in concentration was visible. More and more countries developed technologies that allow the use of this type of energy. However, the EU countries differed in terms of the structure of the energy sources used. The majority of the basis was liquid fuels, while stable and gaseous fuels were abandoned in favor of electricity and renewable sources—according to which, in the EU countries, the research hypothesis was confirmed: a gradual diversification of energy sources used in agriculture, with a systematic increase in the importance of renewable energy sources. The second research hypothesis was also confirmed, according to which the increase in the consumption of renewable energy in agriculture is closely related to the economy’s parameters. The use of renewable energy is necessary and results from concern for the natural environment. Therefore, economic factors may have a smaller impact.

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