scholarly journals Design And Development Of A Multi-Color Soot Emission Diagnostics To Measure Soot Temperature And Concentration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwinraj Gnanavel
Keyword(s):  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Soot Temperature ◽  
Soot Emission ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Pixel Intensity ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Soot Particles ◽  
Matlab Code ◽  
Usb Camera

<div>In this paper, temperature of the soot particles from the flame was determined using line of sight attenuation setup. The emission from the soot particles of the flame will be filtered using a three color pyrometry, in which three slits of different wavelengths will be placed in front of the AP-3200T-USB camera. The author did not use spectrometer to filter the wavelengths because, a spectrometer would give a spectrum consisting of 15 different colors, which is not required in this experiment, since calculation of temperature of the soot only requires two colors to be filtered from the soot. Each wavelength corresponds to RED, BLUE and GREEN color respectively. After the soot emission images are captured in all the three wavelengths, three images will be obtained from the camera. For reading these images, MATLAB code was used, and the pixel intensity values were read from which temperature could be calculated.</div>

scholarly journals Design And Development Of A Multi-Color Soot Emission Diagnostics To Measure Soot Temperature And Concentration

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashwinraj Gnanavel
Keyword(s):  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Soot Temperature ◽  
Soot Emission ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Pixel Intensity ◽  
Green Color ◽  
Soot Particles ◽  
Matlab Code ◽  
Usb Camera

<div>In this paper, temperature of the soot particles from the flame was determined using line of sight attenuation setup. The emission from the soot particles of the flame will be filtered using a three color pyrometry, in which three slits of different wavelengths will be placed in front of the AP-3200T-USB camera. The author did not use spectrometer to filter the wavelengths because, a spectrometer would give a spectrum consisting of 15 different colors, which is not required in this experiment, since calculation of temperature of the soot only requires two colors to be filtered from the soot. Each wavelength corresponds to RED, BLUE and GREEN color respectively. After the soot emission images are captured in all the three wavelengths, three images will be obtained from the camera. For reading these images, MATLAB code was used, and the pixel intensity values were read from which temperature could be calculated.</div>

Simultaneous Measurement of Three-Dimensional Soot Temperature and Volume Fraction Fields in Axisymmetric or Asymmetric Small Unconfined Flames With CCD Cameras

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Liu ◽  
Q. X. Huang ◽  
F. Wang ◽  
Y. Chi ◽  
K. F. Cen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Measurement ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Soot Volume Fraction ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Emission Source ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Soot Temperature ◽  
Ccd Cameras ◽  
Local Emission

A nonintrusive measurement technique is presented numerically for simultaneous measurement of three-dimensional (3D) soot temperature and volume fraction fields in the axisymmetric or asymmetric flames with charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras. CCD cameras were introduced to capture the flame images for obtaining the line-of-sight radiation intensities. The distributions of local emission source under two wavelengths can be deduced through solving the reconstruction matrix equation by the least-square QR decomposition method from the knowledge of the line-of-sight radiation intensities of the flames. The two-color distributions of the local emission source were used to retrieve the soot temperature and volume fraction distributions. The effects of the discrete ray number of CCD cameras, the number of CCD cameras, and the system signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on the measurement were investigated. The results show that for accurate measurement of soot volume fraction field, the CCD cameras number should not be less than four and the system SNR can be as low as 54 dB. The proposed technique can be capable for reconstructing the 3D soot temperature and volume fraction fields in both axisymmetric and asymmetric flames well.

Design and development of a high throughput airborne line-of-sight communication link

2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 282-288
Author(s):  
Harald Schlemmer ◽  
Eral Türkyilmaz ◽  
Michael Schmidt ◽  
Johannes Ebert ◽  
Heinz Mayer
Keyword(s):  
High Throughput ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Communication Link ◽  
Design And Development

Soot Evolution With Cyclic Crank-Angle-Resolved Two-Color Thermometry in an Optical Diesel Engine Fueled With Biodiesel Blend and ULSD

2012 ◽  
Vol 134 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kan Zha ◽  
Radu-Catalin Florea ◽  
Marcis Jansons
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Soot Formation ◽  
Soot Temperature ◽  
Soot Emission ◽  
Piston Bowl ◽  
Crank Angle ◽  
Wall Impingement ◽  
Kl Factor ◽  
Biodiesel Blend

Biodiesel is a desirable alternative fuel for the diesel engine due to its low engine-out soot emission tendency. When blended with petroleum-based diesel fuels, soot emissions generally decrease in proportion to the volume fraction of biodiesel in the mixture. While comparisons of engine-out soot measurements between biodiesel blends and petroleum-based diesel have been widely reported, in-cylinder soot evolution has not been experimentally explored to the same extent. To elucidate the soot emission reduction mechanism of biodiesel, a single-cylinder optically-accessible diesel engine was used to compare the in-cylinder soot evolution when fueled with ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) to that using a B20 biodiesel blend (20% vol./vol. biodiesel ASTM D6751-03A). Soot temperature and KL factors are simultaneously determined using a novel two-color optical thermometry technique implemented with a high-speed CMOS color camera having wide-band Bayer filters. The crank-angle resolved data allows quantitative comparison of the rate of in-cylinder soot formation. High-speed spray images show that B20 has more splashing during spray wall impingement than ULSD, distributing rebounding fuel droplets over a thicker annular ring interior to the piston bowl periphery. The subsequent soot luminescence is observed by high-speed combustion imaging and soot temperature and KL factor measurements. B20 forms soot both at low KL magnitudes over large areas between fuel jets, and at high values among remnants of the fuel spray, along its axis and away from the bowl edge. In contrast, ULSD soot luminescence is observed exclusively as pool burning on the piston bowl surfaces resulting from spray wall impingement. The soot KL factor evolution during B20 combustion indicates earlier and significantly greater soot formation than with ULSD. B20 combustion is also observed to have a greater soot oxidation rate, which results in lower late-cycle soot emissions. For both fuels, higher fuel injection pressure led to lower late-cycle soot KL levels. The apparent rate of heat release (ARHR) analysis under steady skip-fire conditions indicates that B20 combustion is less sensitive to wall temperature than that observed with ULSD due to a lesser degree of pool burning. B20 was found to have both a shorter ignition delay and shorter combustion duration than ULSD.

Variation of the amount of hydrogen along the galactic ridge

1967 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 171-172
Author(s):  
Th. Schmidt-Kaler
Keyword(s):  
Surface Brightness ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Neutral Hydrogen ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Optical Surface ◽  
Hydrogen Density ◽  
Continuous Radiation ◽  
Galactic Longitude

The integralNHof neutral-hydrogen density along the line of sight is determined from the Kootwijk and Sydney surveys. The run ofNHwith galactic longitude agrees well with that of thermal continuous radiation and that of the optical surface brightness of the Milky Way.

Structuring, Motions and Shapes of Corona Emission Line Profiles

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 421-426
Author(s):  
N. F. Tyagun
Keyword(s):  
Emission Line ◽  
Filling Factor ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Coronal Plasma ◽  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Line Profiles ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Yellow Line ◽  
Red Line

AbstractThe interrelationship of half-widths and intensities for the red, green and yellow lines is considered. This is a direct relationship for the green and yellow line and an inverse one for the red line. The difference in the relationships of half-widths and intensities for different lines appears to be due to substantially dissimilar structuring and to a set of line-of-sight motions in ”hot“ and ”cold“ corona regions.When diagnosing the coronal plasma, one cannot neglect the filling factor - each line has such a factor of its own.

Digital differential hysteresis iimage processing displays what the microscope acquires but the eye can't see

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 642-643
Author(s):  
Klaus-Ruediger Peters
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Visual System ◽  
High Precision ◽  
Image Data ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Output Data ◽  
Contrast Resolution ◽  
Pixel Intensity ◽  
Data Reading ◽  
Hysteresis Properties

Differential hysteresis processing is a new image processing technology that provides a tool for the display of image data information at any level of differential contrast resolution. This includes the maximum contrast resolution of the acquisition system which may be 1,000-times higher than that of the visual system (16 bit versus 6 bit). All microscopes acquire high precision contrasts at a level of <0.01-25% of the acquisition range in 16-bit - 8-bit data, but these contrasts are mostly invisible or only partially visible even in conventionally enhanced images. The processing principle of the differential hysteresis tool is based on hysteresis properties of intensity variations within an image.Differential hysteresis image processing moves a cursor of selected intensity range (hysteresis range) along lines through the image data reading each successive pixel intensity. The midpoint of the cursor provides the output data. If the intensity value of the following pixel falls outside of the actual cursor endpoint values, then the cursor follows the data either with its top or with its bottom, but if the pixels' intensity value falls within the cursor range, then the cursor maintains its intensity value.

HUMAN LIMITATIONS OF LINE OF SIGHT MISSILES DURING LIMITED VISIBILITY.

1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREW J. ECKLES ◽  
THOMAS A. GARRY ◽  
WILLIAM C. MULLEN
Keyword(s):  
Line Of Sight ◽  
Limited Visibility
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