scholarly journals Eye Movements in Map Comparison - Preliminary Results and Lessons Learned

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claus Rinner ◽  
Susanne Ferber
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Map Comparison ◽  
Movement Parameters

Comparing maps of different geographic phenomena, or maps of the same phenomenon at different points in time, is an important task in spatial data analysis and decision-making. The process of map comparison has been studied occasionally by cartographers since the 1970s, but recent improvements in neuropsychological testing equipment and GIS technology had us review this topic in a new light. In a pilot experiment, we presented pairs of maps to volunteer participants and recorded their eye movements while judging the maps’ similarity. We analysed average values of eye movement parameters such as fixation duration and proportions of saccades between the two maps in relation to three factors: the participant’s experience in reading maps; the type of map presented; and the actual similarity between the two maps. We found, for example, that different map types engaged viewers in different comparison strategies while we did not find behavioural differences between expert and novice map readers. We will speculate about implications of experimental cartography for GIS design and report on challenges encountered with this approach.

The Role of GIS in City Competitiveness

2013 ◽  
pp. 1476-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khan R. Rahaman ◽  
Júlia M. Lourenço
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information System ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Information Access ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
The World

Virtually every city and region is engaged in activities to improve their relative global competitiveness. The Geographic Information System (GIS) is one of the powerful tools of information storage and information access, providing spatial data to different stakeholders and cities across the world. This chapter will highlight the role of GIS technology in empirical assessment of the competition among cities or regions, using a variety of data assembled by many different individuals, businesses, and institutions. This valuable information can be used in decision-making by stakeholders who are taking part in the competition and can be disseminated, accessed, and updated in a dynamic way. This chapter discusses the origins of urban competitiveness, dynamics and functions of competition, and current and future research possibilities made possible by GIS.

Analysis on Spatial Difference of the Rural Resident’s per Capita Net Income in Qinhuangdao City Based on ESDA

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3893-3898
Author(s):  
Yu Hong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
Rural Economy ◽  
Spatial Association ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Moran’S I ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Moran's I ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Global Moran’S I

Based on the exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and GIS technology, the spatial differences of the rural economic development level of Qinhuangdao city was investigated by adopting the rural resident’s per capita net income data at town level in Qinhuangdao city from 2007 to 2011. The results of global Moran’s I value for rural resident’s per capita net income at town level showed that there existed significant positive spatial autocorrelation and significant spatial aggregation in the spatial distribution of rural resident’s per capita net income. However, the global Moran’s I value showed a decreasing trend during 2007 to 2011, indicating an enlarged spatial disparity of rural economy at the town level. The results of the Moran scatter plots and LISA cluster maps of 2007 and 2011 showed that most of towns were characterized by positive local spatial association , ie. They were located in the HH or the LL quadrant. The significant HH towns were mostly to be found in the south of Qinhuangdao city, Haigang district, Changli county, Lulong county. The significant LL towns were mostly to be found in the Qinglong county, north of Qinhuangdao city.

scholarly journals Historical Regional Demographic Divergence in Latvia: Lessons of the Common Past with Eastern Partnership Countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-133
Author(s):  
Aleksandrs Dahs
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Eastern Partnership ◽  
Analysis Methodology ◽  
Demographic Indicators ◽  
Eastern Partnership Countries ◽  
Development Processes

AbstractIn recent decades, scientific literature on demographic research is increasing attention on spatial data analysis. It is considered a useful and reliable analysis methodology in evaluating complex regional development processes. However, due to its complexity and reliance on properly captured and quantified spatial relations, it remains a difficult topic for many scholars and practitioners. In Latvia, spatial demographic analysis may prove useful, providing opportunities for uncovering new dimensions of long-term regional demographic and economic development issues. Here, the author analyses spatial distribution aspects of key demographic indicators in Latvia’s municipalities, the associated socio-economic factors and their impact. The implications of the identified spatial processes and dependencies for regional development policy and aid are discussed, including possible lessons learned from or shared with the EU Eastern Partnership countries facing similar challenges.

The Role of GIS in City Competitiveness

2013 ◽  
pp. 35-60
Author(s):  
Khan R. Rahaman ◽  
Júlia M. Lourenço
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information System ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Information Access ◽  
Information Storage ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
The World

Virtually every city and region is engaged in activities to improve their relative global competitiveness. The Geographic Information System (GIS) is one of the powerful tools of information storage and information access, providing spatial data to different stakeholders and cities across the world. This chapter will highlight the role of GIS technology in empirical assessment of the competition among cities or regions, using a variety of data assembled by many different individuals, businesses, and institutions. This valuable information can be used in decision-making by stakeholders who are taking part in the competition and can be disseminated, accessed, and updated in a dynamic way. This chapter discusses the origins of urban competitiveness, dynamics and functions of competition, and current and future research possibilities made possible by GIS.

scholarly journals Graphological and semantic foregrounding as affecting gaze and speech of impulsive and reflective readers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Izmalkova ◽  
Anastasia Rzheshevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Fixation Duration ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Textual Information ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Action Event ◽  
Initial Fixation ◽  
Movement Parameters

The study explores the effects of graphological and semantic foregrounding on speech and gaze behavior in textual information construal of subjects with higher and lower impulsivity. Eye movements of sixteen participants were recorded as they read drama texts with interdiscourse switching (semantic foregrounding), with features of typeface distinct from the surrounding text (graphological foregrounding). Discourse modification patterns were analyzed and processed in several steps: specification of participant/object/action/event/perspective modification, parametric annotation of participants’ discourse responses, contrastive analysis of modification parameter activity and parameter synchronized activity. Significant distinctions were found in eye movement parameters (gaze count and initial fixation duration) in subjects with higher and lower impulsivity when reading parts of text with graphical foregrounding. Impulsive subjects tended to visit the areas more often with longer initial fixations than reflective subjects, which is explained in terms of stimulus-driven attention, associated with bottom-up processes. However, these differences in gaze behavior did not result in pronounced distinctions in discourse responses, which were only slightly mediated by impulsivity/reflectivity.

Assessing Spatial Characteristics of Soil Lead Contamination in the Residential Neighborhoods Near the Exide Battery Smelter

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
An-Min Wu ◽  
Jill Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Lead Contamination ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Soil Lead ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Lead Levels

The presence of hazardous chemicals such as lead (Pb) or other heavy metals in the environment poses significant threats to human health. Industrial activities can increase the concentrations of these toxic metals in the soil, water and air where people live, work and play. When exposed to lead, residents face a higher risk of neurological damage, anemia or developmental delays. Urban soil lead levels, for example, are usually higher than the natural background lead levels due to the historical usage of lead paint, leaded gasoline and proximity to industrial activities. We explored a case in southeastern Los Angeles County, where lead contamination in the soil has been a particular concern near a lead-acid battery smelter. In this case study, we investigated soil lead levels across the neighborhoods surrounding the smelter as a mean to support this clean-up decision making. We used a hot spot analysis to identify clusters of high soil lead levels at a neighborhood scale. This case study can be used to teach higher-division undergraduate and graduate students to incorporate spatial thinking and exploratory spatial analysis approaches into the decision-making process for remediation of environmental contamination. Through this case study, the students will develop the knowledge about soil lead contamination and associated health risks, learn how exploratory spatial data analysis can assist examining the distribution of soil lead contamination and discuss potential strategies to improve the environmental remediation process in the urban environment.

scholarly journals Are the classical historical geography of the Byzantine world and Gis technology a contradiction? On the usage of contemporary technologies in the humanities

2013 ◽  
pp. 1025-1039
Author(s):  
St. Popovic
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Data ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Historical Geography ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Byzantine Empire ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Digital Format ◽  
The World ◽  
International Projects ◽  
Written Sources

The article highlights the latest developments in the field of Digital Humanities. It indicates in which ways these technologies are already used in the historical and geographical science throughout the world and how they could be integrated systematically into Byzantine Studies. In the first part of the article international projects, which are based on GIS (Geographic Information Systems), and their links in the World Wide Web are presented. In the second part the author shows on the basis of his scholarly results on the historical geography of Byzantine Macedonia, how medieval written sources can be transferred into digital format in order to achieve a higher level of spatial data analysis. The neglect of this important and recent scholarly approach in the 21st century could lead to the marginalisation of Byzantine Studies in general, and of the historical geography of the Byzantine Empire in particular.

scholarly journals Improving the integrated pastoral resource management of SAPARM information system using Landsat NDVI value for mobility decision making in Lege-Hidha district; Bale lowlands, Southeast Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sintayehu Meshageria ◽  
Mersha Alemu ◽  
Behailu Legesse
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information System ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Google Earth ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Pastoral Mobility ◽  
Southeast Ethiopia

Abstract Availability of pasture and water are essential factors determine time and direction of pastorals movement. In Ethiopian pastorals mobility is a common coping strategy for dealing drought and its induced risks. Helping pastoralists more informed on decisions to manage their resource reduces response costs and livelihood losses. Matching scientific systems with traditional knowledge can lead to the successful resource managements. The aim of this study is improving the Integrated Pastoral Resource Management of SAPARM Information System using Landsat NDVI Value for Mobility Decision Making. The study was conducted on pastorals and agro-pastorals livelihood zones where livestock production is common. Data was collected in Lege-Hidha district using FGD, key informant interviews, community mapping and spatial satellite images from USGS. The spatial data was analysed using GIS/RS spatial data analysis tools. The data analysis on improving the integrated pastoral resource management (SAPARM and traditional system) using Landsat NDVI value is derived from USGS; Landsat at Path 166/167 and Row 54/55 (study area location found between 166/54, 166/55 and 167/54, 167/55) that verified and visualized using ArcGIS 10.3 and Google earth in order to compare Landsat8 NDVI values of 30m2 resolutions with SAPARM information from Meteosat NDVI at 10km2. Landsat8 analysis confirmed that areas where mobility is conducted have better and detailed vegetation (greenness) of enhanced reflectance than SAPARM. This was due to Landsat resolution capacity provides visible and detailed images of the invisible reflectance area on SAPARM, which improves pastoral mobility and decisions based on distances, direction, greenness, classification and allow knowing immediately specific places. Integration systems in this study attempted to apply traditional resource management with satellite assisted information using images of better resolution capacity enables to clarify and detailed reflectance. The improvement using NDVI values of Landsat ensure images with intensive areas of vegetation cover than Meteosat images of SAPARM.

An Interdisciplinary Narrative Oncology, Capital, and Solidarity

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Mapping ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
Spatial Data Analysis ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Solidarity Economy ◽  
Oncology Research ◽  
Cancer Mutations ◽  
Story Maps

This paper utilizes oncology as the thematic core of an interdisciplinary narrative describing spatial tensions between capitalism and developments in the countervailing social and solidarity economy (SSE).  This exercise explores oncology as metaphor, as a methodological model, and for intervention and policy change.  A Marxian framework supports this narrative construction.   Vampires, the fundamental class process, and the circuit of money capital are concepts that link the genetics of cancer and recent advances in oncology research to political economy.  The application of geographic information system (GIS) technology contributes a spatial dimension to this story.  Maps and exploratory spatial data analysis of the metamorphoses generated across the stages of the circuit of money capital present GIS’s capacity to replicate the genetic mapping of cancer mutations used in oncology.  In addition to diagnostics, genetic mapping enables targeted patient-specific hormonal treatments.  Similarly, it is argued that the SSE is an effective locational treatment strategy for the adverse effects of capitalism’s metabolic processes.

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