scholarly journals A framework for life cycle assessment of concrete bridge decks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad Taki
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bridge Decks ◽  
Concrete Bridge ◽  
Lca Methodology ◽  
Concrete Bridge Decks ◽  
Concrete Bridge Deck ◽  
The Impact

he construction industry is the largest contributor to environmental loading, and while development will require more infrastructure to achieve its goals, this will require more construction and hence more pollution. In order to achieve a sustainable development, the construction industry has to reduce its environmental loading and consumption of energy and raw materials. The methodology of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) can help in quantifying the cradle to grave impact of construction on the environment. This study was performed to develop a model that uses LCA methodology to estimate the environmental impact of concrete bridge decks in North America. The model traces the emissions during the life cycle of a concrete bridge deck, and then calculates the impact of these emissions on the environment. This study was performed to develop a model that uses LCA methodology to estimate the environmental impact of concrete bridge decks in North America. The model traces the emissions during the life cycle of a concrete bridge deck, and then calculates the impact of these emissions on the environment. The model also calculates the energy and raw materials that are consumed during the life cycle of a concrete bridge deck. This model can be used by designers to evaluate alternative bridge deck designs to select the environmentally sound one.

scholarly journals A framework for life cycle assessment of concrete bridge decks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fouad Taki
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Bridge Decks ◽  
Concrete Bridge ◽  
Lca Methodology ◽  
Concrete Bridge Decks ◽  
Concrete Bridge Deck ◽  
The Impact

he construction industry is the largest contributor to environmental loading, and while development will require more infrastructure to achieve its goals, this will require more construction and hence more pollution. In order to achieve a sustainable development, the construction industry has to reduce its environmental loading and consumption of energy and raw materials. The methodology of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) can help in quantifying the cradle to grave impact of construction on the environment. This study was performed to develop a model that uses LCA methodology to estimate the environmental impact of concrete bridge decks in North America. The model traces the emissions during the life cycle of a concrete bridge deck, and then calculates the impact of these emissions on the environment. This study was performed to develop a model that uses LCA methodology to estimate the environmental impact of concrete bridge decks in North America. The model traces the emissions during the life cycle of a concrete bridge deck, and then calculates the impact of these emissions on the environment. The model also calculates the energy and raw materials that are consumed during the life cycle of a concrete bridge deck. This model can be used by designers to evaluate alternative bridge deck designs to select the environmentally sound one.

scholarly journals Deterioration Prediction Modelling and Inspection Schedule Estimation for Concrete Bridge Decks

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aqeed Mohsin Chyad ◽  
Osama Abudayyeh
Keyword(s):  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Bridge Decks ◽  
Good Condition ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Concrete Bridge ◽  
State Data ◽  
Condition Rating ◽  
Concrete Bridge Decks ◽  
Concrete Bridge Deck ◽  
The Impact

Accurate and reliable deterioration rate estimates for concrete bridge decks are an important part of the overall bridge condition assessment. The main objective of this paper is to determine the time in condition ratings (TICRs) of concrete bridge decks and assess the impact of average daily traffic (ADT), age, and deck area on the bridge deck condition. Condition ratings of bridge decks over 24 years for Michigan state were collected from the National Bridge Inventory (NBI) data. The Anderson-Darling statistical test was used to evaluate and rank five practical probability distribution functions to select the best fit for Michigan state data. The results indicate that the best statistical model for Michigan state data is the lognormal function. It was illustrated that the TICR decreases when the condition rating decreases. When a concrete bridge deck condition is rated at 8, it can take 11.29 years to drop to the lower rating of 7. However, when the concrete bridge deck condition is rated at 4, it may take 6.64 years to drop to the lower condition rating of 3. It was also observed that on average, bridge decks in Michigan stay much longer than the typical inspection interval (i.e., 2 years), suggesting that inspection intervals can be longer than 2 years for bridges in good condition ranges. The results also show that ADT, age, and deck area are important factors in the deterioration rates of concrete bridge decks.

Impermeable Asphalt Concrete Layer to Protect and Seal Concrete Bridge Decks

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (6) ◽  
pp. 355-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew A. Haynes ◽  
Erdem Coleri ◽  
Shashwath Sreedhar
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Bridge Decks ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Concrete Bridge ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Concrete Bridge Decks ◽  
Concrete Bridge Deck

Deterioration of the concrete bridge deck is one of the most significant problems affecting the service life of bridges in the United States (U.S.). The early failure of asphalt pavement overlays on concrete bridge decks with spray-on waterproofing membranes has been recognized as a significant issue by the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT). Potential reasons for the failure of the asphalt overlays were thought to be the poor adhesion between the waterproofing membrane and the asphalt-wearing course, and the material properties of the asphalt layer. Moisture penetration into the asphalt overlay and standing water on the concrete bridge deck result in expansion and contraction at the interface on the bridge deck during freeze-thaw cycles. Expansion and contraction because of freeze-thaw cycles cause debonding at the interface and result in an increased rate of deterioration for the asphalt concrete overlay. Additionally, the de-icing salts used to prevent hazardous roadway surfaces in the winter permeate into the deck and cause corrosion of the steel reinforcement, weakening the structural integrity of the bridge. The main goal of this study is to develop an impermeable asphalt mixture with high cracking and rutting resistance that can seal and protect the concrete bridge deck by preventing water and de-icing salts from penetrating into the concrete deck. Permeability of developed asphalt mixtures was quantified by permeability testing and moisture sensor measurements. Rutting and cracking resistance of the developed impermeable asphalt mixture strategies were also evaluated by conducting flow number (FN) and semi-circular bend (SCB) tests in the laboratory.

scholarly journals Integration of stochastic deterioration models with multicriteria decision theory for optimizing maintenance of bridge decks

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 756-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Morcous ◽  
Zoubir Lounis
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Multiobjective Optimization ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Bridge Decks ◽  
Concrete Bridge ◽  
Deterioration Model ◽  
Concrete Bridge Decks ◽  
Order Markov Chain ◽  
Concrete Bridge Deck

This paper presents a new approach to optimizing the maintenance of concrete bridge decks. This approach combines a stochastic deterioration model and a multiobjective optimization model. The stochastic deterioration model is based on the first-order Markov chain, which predicts the probabilistic time variation of bridge deck conditions. The multiobjective optimization model takes into account two important and conflicting criteria: the minimization of maintenance costs and the maximization of the network condition. This approach achieves the best compromise between these competing criteria while considering the uncertainty in bridge deck deterioration. The feasibility and capability of the proposed approach are demonstrated with field data for a sample network of bridge decks obtained from the Ministère des Transports du Québec database. This example illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach in determining the optimal set of maintenance alternatives for reinforced concrete bridge decks when two or more relevant optimization criteria are taken into consideration.Key words: concrete bridge deck, maintenance management, multicriteria optimization, Markov chain, deterioration model.

scholarly journals Performance Prediction Modeling of Concrete Bridge Deck Condition Using an Optimized Approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Aqeed Mohsin Chyad ◽  
Osama Abudayyeh
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Function ◽  
Markov Chain ◽  
Lognormal Distribution ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Bridge Decks ◽  
Concrete Bridge ◽  
Concrete Bridge Decks ◽  
Markov Chain Method ◽  
Concrete Bridge Deck ◽  
Skew Angles

Developing an accurate and reliable model for concrete bridge deck deterioration rates is a significant step in improving the condition assessment process. The main goal of this study is to develop a deterioration prediction model based on the condition ratings of concrete bridge decks over the past 25 years as reported in the National Bridge Inventory (NBI) database. While the literatures have typically suggested the Markov chain method as the most common technique used in condition assessment of bridges, the analysis in this pilot study suggests that the lognormal distribution function is a better model for concrete bridge deck condition data. This paper compares the two approaches and presents a new approach that combines the more commonly used Markov chain method with the lognormal distribution function to arrive at an optimal model for predicting bridge deck deterioration rates. The prediction error in the combined model is less than each of the two models (i.e. Markov and Lognormal). Additionally, the steel structure type illustrated the highest deterioration rates within condition ratings from 8 to 4 Comparing with other types. The bridge decks that have ADT of more than 4,000 (vehicles/day) deteriorated faster than of those with ADT less than 4,000 with the same type of structure and skew angle. Bridge decks with skew angles more than 30º deteriorate faster than of those with skew angles less than 30°. Furthermore, it showed that most new Michigan concrete bridge decks may take at least 40 years before dropping gradually from 9 to 3.

scholarly journals 2-Piece Cork Stoppers as Alternative for Valorization of Thin Cork Planks: Analysis by LCA Methodology

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 873
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Flor-Montalvo ◽  
Agustín Sánchez-Toledo Ledesma ◽  
Eduardo Martínez Cámara ◽  
Emilio Jiménez-Macías ◽  
Jorge Luis García-Alcaraz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lca Methodology ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Dimensions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Thickness ◽  
Cork Stoppers ◽  
Wine Bottle

Natural stoppers are a magnificent closure for the production of aging wines and unique wines, whose application is limited by the availability of raw materials and more specifically of cork sheets of different thickness and quality. The growing demand for quality wine bottle closures leads to the search for alternative stopper production. The two-piece stopper is an alternative since it uses non-usable plates in a conventional way for the production of quality caps. The present study has analyzed the impact of the manufacture of these two-piece stoppers using different methodologies and for different dimensions by developing an LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), concluding that the process phases of the plate, its boiling, and its stabilization, are the phases with the greatest impact. Likewise, it is detected that the impacts in all phases are relatively similar (for one kg of net cork produced), although the volumetric difference between these stoppers represents a significant difference in impacts for each unit produced.

Comparative Evaluation of Crack Width for Reinforced Concrete Bridge Deck

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Shivank Tamrakar
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Crack Width ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Constant Width ◽  
Bridge Decks ◽  
Concrete Bridge ◽  
Live Load ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Bridge ◽  
Concrete Bridge Decks ◽  
Reinforcement Bar

Abstract: Cracking in reinforced concrete bridge decks is a massively concern in the India. Many concrete bridge decks, inobservant to the age of construction, have shown different levels and patterns of cracking. Not only does cracking of bridge decks weaken the bridge infrastructure, but also allows the inflow of corrosive agents into the reinforcement. In this study, the crack width evaluation of RC bridge deck of span of 5 m. and 9 m. is based on equations given by IRS Concrete Bridge Code 1997 for different cases like- the effect of depth variation, reinforcement diameter, clear cover, variation in live load moment, spacing of tension reinforcement and different no. of tension reinforcement bar to constant width for the same crosssection. This study concluded that crack width increases with increase in clear cover, variation in live load moment and spacing of tension reinforcement while it decreases with increase in reinforcement diameter, depth of the bridge deck and number of reinforced bars and percentage change evaluation of different parameter of 5m and 9m span bridge deck. Keyword: Crack Width, Cracking, Bridge Deck Slab, Crack Spacing.

Thin Conductive Concrete Overlay for Bridge Deck Deicing and Anti-Icing

2000 ◽  
Vol 1698 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherif A. Yehia ◽  
Christopher Y. Tuan
Keyword(s):  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Bridge Decks ◽  
Average Power ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Concrete Bridge ◽  
Concrete Overlays ◽  
Concrete Bridge Decks ◽  
Ice Accumulation ◽  
Concrete Mix ◽  
University Of Nebraska Lincoln

Concrete bridge decks are prone to ice accumulation. Bridge decks freeze before the roads approaching them freeze, making wintry highway travel treacherous. Road salts and deicing chemicals are effective for ice removal but cause damage to concrete and corrosion of reinforcing steel in concrete bridge decks. The resulting rapid degradation of existing concrete pavements and bridge decks is a major concern to transportation and public-works officials. The use of insulation materials for ice control and electric or thermal heating for deicing have been attempted, with unsatisfactory results. Conductive concrete is a cementitious admixture containing electrically conductive components to attain high and stable electrical conductivity. Due to its electrical resistance and impedance, a thin conductive concrete overlay can generate enough heat to prevent ice formation on a bridge deck when connected to a power source. In 1998, Yehia and Tuan, at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, developed a conductive concrete mix specifically for bridge deck deicing. In this application, a conductive concrete overlay is cast on the top of a bridge deck for deicing or anti-icing. The mechanical and physical properties of the conductive concrete mix after 28 days have met ASTM and AASHTO specifications. Two concrete slabs were constructed with a 9-cm (3.5-in.) conductive concrete overlay for conducting deicing experiments in the natural environment. Deicing and anti-icing experiments were conducted in five 1998 snowstorms. Average power of about 590 W/m2 (55 W/ft2) was generated by the conductive concrete overlays to prevent snow and ice accumulation.

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