Posttraumatic Symptomatology, Interpersonal Relationship Functioning, and Their Association Following Trauma Exposure

10.32920/ryerson.14648331 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Philippe Shnaider

Keyword(s):

Interpersonal Relationship ◽

Trauma Exposure ◽

Positive Association ◽

Self Report ◽

Relationship Functioning ◽

Significant Other ◽

Interaction Terms ◽

Community Trauma ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

Interpersonal relationship functioning problems have been documented among individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although the trajectory of PTSD following traumatization is well understood, there is minimal research examining the trajectory of interpersonal relationship functioning following trauma. It is yet to be determined if interpersonal relationship functioning confers risk/resilience for PTSD, if interpersonal relationship functioning problems are a consequence of PTSD, or if the direction of the association between these constructs changes over time. The current study examined the trajectory of PTSD and interpersonal relationship functioning, following recent trauma exposure, and the effects that these constructs exert on one another over time. Trauma-exposed individuals (N = 107) and their close significant others (e.g., intimate partner, family member, close friend) were recruited from the community. Trauma-exposed individuals completed clinician-administered and self-report measures of PTSD, as well as a self-report measure of interpersonal relationship functioning in reference to their relationship with their close significant other. Four assessments took place at 4-month intervals. PTSD severity declined over time. The trajectory of self-reported, but not clinician-assessed, PTSD was associated with end-state PTSD. Relationship support and depth deteriorated over time. After controlling for trauma type, relationship support and depth worsened over time as end-state PTSD symptom severity improved. Significant associations between initial levels of interpersonal relationship functioning and end-state PTSD were detected, in both bivariate models and in the context of interaction terms. Initial relationship conflict was positively associated with end-state PTSD among participants participating with intimate close others but not those participating with non-intimate close others. There was a negative association between initial relationship support and end-state PTSD among those who experienced non-interpersonal traumas, and a positive association between initial relationship depth and end-state PTSD among those who experienced interpersonal traumas. Findings did not support the hypothesis that the direction of the association between interpersonal relationship functioning and PTSD changes over time. Results can inform early intervention efforts aimed at reducing risk for PTSD following trauma. Brief interpersonally-based interventions, which could be “indicated” based on the type of trauma exposure and whether someone is in an intimate relationship, should be considered and further investigated.

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Stability of recall of military hazards over time

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/bjp.183.4.314 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 183 (4) ◽

pp. 314-322 ◽

Cited By ~ 88

Author(s):

S. Wessely ◽

C. Unwin ◽

M. Hotopf ◽

L. Hull ◽

K. Ismail ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Health ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Significant Rise ◽

Self Report ◽

Psychological Status ◽

Post Traumatic Stress ◽

Post Traumatic ◽

The Uk ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

BackgroundWartime traumatic events are related to subsequent psychological and physical health, but quantifying the association is problematic. Memory changes over time and is influenced by psychological status.AimsTo use a large, two-stage cohort study of members of the UK armed forces to study changes in recall of both traumatic and ‘toxic’ hazards.MethodA questionnaire-based follow-up study assessed 2370 UK military personnel, repeating earlier questions about exposure to military hazards.ResultsThe κ statistics for reporting of hazards were good for some exposures, but very low for others. Gulf veterans reported more exposures over time (no significant rise in the Bosnia cohort). In the Gulf cohort only, reporting new exposures was associated with worsening health perception, and forgetting previously reported exposures with improved perception. We found no association between physical health, psychological morbidity or post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and endorsement or non-endorsement of exposures.ConclusionsReporting of military hazards after a conflict is not static, and is associated with current self-rated perception of health. Self-report of exposures associated with media publicity needs to be treated with caution.

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Evolution of impulsive–compulsive behaviors and cognition in Parkinson’s disease

Journal of Neurology ◽

10.1007/s00415-019-09584-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 267 (1) ◽

pp. 259-266

Author(s):

Aleksander H. Erga ◽

Guido Alves ◽

Ole Bjørn Tysnes ◽

Kenn Freddy Pedersen

Keyword(s):

Parkinson’S Disease ◽

Parkinson's Disease ◽

Short Form ◽

Population Based ◽

Self Report ◽

Cognitive Changes ◽

Compulsive Behaviors ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

Abstract The longitudinal course of ICBs in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PwP) relative to controls has not been explored as of yet. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency, evolution and associated cognitive and clinical features of impulsive and compulsive behaviors (ICBs) over 4 years of prospective follow-up in a population-based cohort with early Parkinson’s disease (PD). We recruited 124 cognitively intact participants with early PD and 156 matched controls from the Norwegian ParkWest study. ICBs were assessed using the self-report short form version of the Questionnaire for Impulsive–Compulsive Disorders in PD. Cognitive changes were examined in PwP with and without ICBs who completed the 4-year follow-up. Generalized linear mixed modelling and mixed linear regression were used to analyze clinical factors and cognitive changes associated with ICBs in PwP over time. ICBs were more common in PwP than controls at all visits, with an age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) varying between 2.5 (95% CI 1.1–5.6; p = 0.022) and 5.1 (95% CI 2.4–11.0; p < 0.001). The 4-year cumulative frequency of ICBs in PwP was 46.8% and 23.3% developed incident ICBs during the study period, but the presence of ICBs was non-persistent in nearly 30%. ICBs were independently associated with younger age (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91–0.99: p = 0.008) and use of dopamine agonist (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.56–10.69). Cognitive changes over time did not differ between patients with and without ICBs. In conclusion, ICBs are common in PwP, but are often non-persistent and not associated with greater cognitive impairment over time.

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Value of caregiver ratings in evaluating the quality of life of patients with cancer.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.1997.15.3.1206 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 1206-1217 ◽

Cited By ~ 108

Author(s):

K C Sneeuw ◽

N K Aaronson ◽

M A Sprangers ◽

S B Detmar ◽

L D Wever ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Informal Caregivers ◽

Self Report ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Individual Patient Level ◽

Populations At Risk ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

PURPOSE To evaluate the usefulness of caregiver ratings of cancer patients' quality of life (QL), we examined the following: (1) the comparability of responses to a brief standardized QL questionnaire provided by patients, physicians, and informal caregivers; and (2) the relative validity of these ratings. METHODS The study sample included cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, their treating physicians, and significant others involved closely in the (informal) care of the patients. During an early phase of treatment and 3 months later, patients and caregivers completed independently the COOP/WONCA charts, covering seven QL domains. At baseline, all sources of information were available for 295 of 320 participating patients (92%). Complete follow-up data were obtained for 189 patient-caregiver triads. RESULTS Comparison of mean scores on the COOP/WONCA charts revealed close agreement between patient and caregiver ratings. At the individual patient level, exact or global agreement was observed in the majority of cases (73% to 91%). Corrected for chance agreement, moderate intraclass correlations (ICC) were noted (0.32 to 0.72). Patient, physician, and informal caregiver COOP/WONCA scores were all responsive to changes over time in specific QL domains, but differed in their relative performance. Relative to the patients, the physicians were more efficient in detecting changes over time in physical fitness and overall health, but less so in relation to social function and pain. CONCLUSION For studies among patient populations at risk of deteriorating self-report capabilities, physicians and informal caregivers can be useful as alternative or complementary sources of information on cancer patients' QL.

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Longitudinal associations between interpersonal relationship functioning and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in recently traumatized individuals: differential findings by assessment method

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291721003913 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Candice M. Monson ◽

Philippe Shnaider ◽

Anne C. Wagner ◽

Rachel E. Liebman ◽

Nicole D. Pukay-Martin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽

Posttraumatic Stress ◽

Stress Disorder ◽

Interpersonal Relationship ◽

Intimate Relationship ◽

Relationship Conflict ◽

Relationship Functioning ◽

Lagged Effects ◽

Longitudinal Associations ◽

Over Time

Abstract Background The role of interpersonal relationship functioning in trauma recovery is well-established. However, much of this research has been done with cross-sectional samples, often years after trauma exposure, using self-report methodology only, and is focused on intimate relationship adjustment. Methods The current study investigated the longitudinal associations between interpersonal (intimate and non-intimate) relationship functioning and clinician- and self-reported posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in 151 recently (within the past 6 months) traumatized individuals. Participants were assessed at four time points over 1 year. Results Approximately 53% of the sample was diagnosed with PTSD at initial assessment, with declining rates of diagnostic status over time to 16%. Latent difference score (LDS) modeling revealed nonlinear declines in both clinician-assessed and self-reported PTSD symptom severity, with faster declines in earlier periods. Likewise, LDS models revealed nonlinear declines in negative (conflict) aspects of interpersonal relationship functioning, but linear declines in positive (support, depth) aspects. The relationship between PTSD and relationship functioning differed for clinician- and self-reported PTSD. Bivariate LDS modeling revealed significant cross-lagged effects from relationship conflict to clinician-assessed PTSD, and significant cross-lagged effects from self-reported PTSD to relationship conflict over time. Conclusions These results highlight that the variability in prior results may be related to the method of assessing PTSD symptomatology and different relational constructs. Implications for theory and early intervention are discussed.

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Changes Over Time in Sexual and Relationship Functioning of People with Multiple Sclerosis

Journal of Sex & Marital Therapy ◽

10.1080/00926230390195506-2372 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 305-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

MARITA P. McCABE ◽

SUZANNE McKERN ◽

ELIZABETH McDONALD ◽

LINDSAY M. VOWELS

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Relationship Functioning ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

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Comparison of two devices for measuring exercise transcutaneous oxygen pressures in patients with claudication

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526/a000454 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 355-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Marie Urban ◽

Alban Fouasson-Chailloux ◽

Isabelle Signolet ◽

Christophe Colas Ribas ◽

Mathieu Feuilloy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Pressure ◽

Optical Sensors ◽

Chemical Sensors ◽

Transcutaneous Oxygen ◽

Starting Values ◽

Two Systems ◽

Transcutaneous Oxygen Pressure ◽

New Sensors ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

Abstract. Summary: Background: We aimed at estimating the agreement between the Medicap® (photo-optical) and Radiometer® (electro-chemical) sensors during exercise transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcpO2) tests. Our hypothesis was that although absolute starting values (tcpO2rest: mean over 2 minutes) might be different, tcpO2-changes over time and the minimal value of the decrease from rest of oxygen pressure (DROPmin) results at exercise shall be concordant between the two systems. Patients and methods: Forty seven patients with arterial claudication (65 + / - 7 years) performed a treadmill test with 5 probes each of the electro-chemical and photo-optical devices simultaneously, one of each system on the chest, on each buttock and on each calf. Results: Seventeen Medicap® probes disconnected during the tests. tcpO2rest and DROPmin values were higher with Medicap® than with Radiometer®, by 13.7 + / - 17.1 mm Hg and 3.4 + / - 11.7 mm Hg, respectively. Despite the differences in absolute starting values, changes over time were similar between the two systems. The concordance between the two systems was approximately 70 % for classification of test results from DROPmin. Conclusions: Photo-optical sensors are promising alternatives to electro-chemical sensors for exercise oximetry, provided that miniaturisation and weight reduction of the new sensors are possible.

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Domestic Integration and Suicide in the Provinces of Canada

Crisis ◽

10.1027//0227-5910.20.2.59 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 59-63 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Antoon A. Leenaars ◽

David Lester

Keyword(s):

Social Factors ◽

Positive Association ◽

Negative Association ◽

Birth Rates ◽

Marriage Rates ◽

Suicide Rates ◽

The Social ◽

Divorce Rates ◽

Low Levels ◽

Over Time

Canada's rate of suicide varies from province to province. The classical theory of suicide, which attempts to explain the social suicide rate, stems from Durkheim, who argued that low levels of social integration and regulation are associated with high rates of suicide. The present study explored whether social factors (divorce, marriage, and birth rates) do in fact predict suicide rates over time for each province (period studied: 1950-1990). The results showed a positive association between divorce rates and suicide rates, and a negative association between birth rates and suicide rates. Marriage rates showed no consistent association, an anomaly as compared to research from other nations.

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