Domestic Integration and Suicide in the Provinces of Canada

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antoon A. Leenaars ◽  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Marriage Rates ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
Divorce Rates ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Over Time

Canada's rate of suicide varies from province to province. The classical theory of suicide, which attempts to explain the social suicide rate, stems from Durkheim, who argued that low levels of social integration and regulation are associated with high rates of suicide. The present study explored whether social factors (divorce, marriage, and birth rates) do in fact predict suicide rates over time for each province (period studied: 1950-1990). The results showed a positive association between divorce rates and suicide rates, and a negative association between birth rates and suicide rates. Marriage rates showed no consistent association, an anomaly as compared to research from other nations.

A consideration of Some retrospective data on breast-feeding in Great Britain

1978 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-400
Author(s):  
C. M. Langford
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Retrospective Data ◽  
Breast Feed ◽  
The Social ◽  
Large Families ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Breast Fed

SummarySome retrospective data collected in a survey carried out in 1967–68 show that the practice of breast-feeding declined markedly in Great Britain between the 1930s and the 1960s. Throughout, women higher up the social-educational scale breast-fed more than those lower down. Women marrying before the age of 20 (as well as those marrying at age 30 or older) tended to breast-feed less than those marrying in their twenties; for the former, the explanation was probably ‘social’. Needing, or choosing, to return to work soon after confinement was not, in general, an important inhibiting factor so far as breast-feeding was concerned. From the 1967–68 data, there seemed to be a negative association between the level of breast-feeding and birth order, but this may not have been ‘genuine’ since other data did not agree. There was a positive association between level of breast-feeding and family size, for family sizes up to four, but a drop for those with five or more children. This latter feature could be the result of a tendency for those with large families to arrive at this situation by way of short interbirth intervals, this in turn being associated with low levels of breast-feeding; the former might possibly reflect a positive link between women' capacity to breast-feed and their capacity to bear children.

Divorce and Social Class During the Early Stages of the Divorce Revolution: Evidence From Flanders and the Netherlands

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthijs Kalmijn ◽  
Sofie Vanassche ◽  
Koenraad Matthijs
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Class ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Occupational Class ◽  
Divorce Rates ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Analyze Data

In times of low divorce rates (such as the nineteenth century and early twentieth century), the authors expect higher social strata to have the highest divorce chances as they are better equipped to break existing barriers to divorce. In this article, the authors analyze data from marriage certificates to assess whether there was a positive effect of occupational class on divorce in Belgium (Flanders) and the Netherlands. Their results for the Netherlands show a positive association between social class and divorce, particularly among the higher cultural groups. In Flanders, the authors do not find this, but they observe a negative association between illiteracy and divorce, an observation pointing in the same direction.

Regional Variation of Divorce in Germany

2002 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 886-886
Author(s):  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Regional Variation ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Marriage Rates ◽  
Divorce Rates

The correlates of provincial divorce rates in Germany in 1966 were marriage rates, birth rates, population density, and formerly East versus West Germany.

Predicting the Time-Series Suicide Rate in Japan by Motive: A Brief Note

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lester ◽  
Yukio Saito
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Time Series Study ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
Divorce Rates ◽  
Series Study

In a time series study of suicide rates in Japan from 1978–1997, it was found that the social indicators which predict the suicide rates differ for suicides committed for interpersonal, work-related, and health concerns. While measures of domestic social integration predicted the suicide rate for interpersonal reasons, unemployment, and divorce rates predicted the suicide rate for work-related reasons.

The Regional Variation of Murder and Suicide in Poland

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lester ◽  
Karolina E. Krysinska
Keyword(s):  
Regional Variation ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Divorce Rates

A study of the 16 Polish counties in 1998 indicated that unemployment, divorce rates, and between-county migration were strong correlates of the county murder and suicide rates. In addition, murder rates were predicted by domestic integration (marriage and birth rates).

scholarly journals Relationship of suicide rates to social factors and availability of lethal methods

2001 ◽  
Vol 178 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Schapira ◽  
K. R. Linsley ◽  
J. A. Linsley ◽  
T. P. Kelly ◽  
D. W. K. Kay
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
White Paper ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Newcastle Upon Tyne ◽  
Dramatic Fall

BackgroundThe UK Government's White Paper Saving Lives: Our Healthier Nation included among its targets a reduction in suicide.AimsTo study causes of change in suicide rate over a 30-year period in Newcastle upon Tyne.MethodSuicide rates and methods, based on coroners' inquest records, were compared over two periods (1961–1965 and 1985–1994) and differences were related to changes in exposure to poisons and prescribed drugs, and to socio-demographic changes.ResultsDemographic and social changes had taken place which would adversely affect suicide rates. However, a dramatic fall was found in the rate for women, and a modest decline in that for men. Reduced exposure to carbon monoxide and to barbiturates coincided with the fall in rates.ConclusionsReduced exposure to lethal methods was responsible for the fall in rate in both genders, while the gender difference in favour of women may be related to their preference for non-violent methods or to their being less affected by the social changes.

Correlates of Regional Suicide Rates: A Meta-Analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lester
Keyword(s):  
Death Rate ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Negative Association ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Suicide Rates

A meta-analysis was conducted of research on the regional correlates of suicide rates within nations. The fourteen studies yielded two reliable associations—a negative association of regional suicide rates with population and a positive association with the death rate. Suggestions were made for future research on this topic.

Fertility

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Anderson ◽  
Corinne Roughley
Keyword(s):  
Fertility Decline ◽  
Marital Fertility ◽  
Married Couples ◽  
Birth Rates ◽  
Age Profile ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

There were big changes in numbers of births and birth rates in Scotland over the period coved by this book. Compared with elsewhere and England in particular, fertility in Scotland has always been restrained by low levels of nuptiality, but for most of our period fertility within marriage has been higher. This was especially true from the start of the fertility decline in the 1860s/1870s. At all periods there have been major differences between parts of the country in rates of marital fertility and non-marital fertility, but which areas were the highest, and the reasons for the variations, changed over time. All areas, however, have shared a major rise in non-marital fertility since the 1980s, mostly due to the rise in births to non-married couples. There have also been major changes over time in the age profile of motherhood and in the distribution between families of different sizes.

scholarly journals Yorkshire Assimilation: Exploring the Production and Perception of a Geographically Restricted Variable

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-248
Author(s):  
Kate Whisker-Taylor ◽  
Lynn Clark
Keyword(s):  
Speech Production ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Social Meaning ◽  
Production Study ◽  
The Social ◽  
Speech Data ◽  
Phonological Rule ◽  
Over Time

This paper investigates a process referred to by Wells (1982) as “Yorkshire Assimilation,” which is a process of assimilation in which voiced obstruents become fully devoiced when followed by a voiceless segment. The process is thought to occur only in Yorkshire, England. There is very little existing literature on Yorkshire Assimilation and, when it is discussed, it is described as a phonological rule, i.e., it is thought to be used categorically by those speakers who display the feature (Wells 1982:367, 148). This paper presents the first empirical account of Yorkshire Assimilation. Using both historical and contemporary speech data from Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, we explore the extent to which Yorkshire Assimilation is indeed variable, how its use has changed over time, and how it is constrained by both linguistic and social factors in speech production. We also couple this production study with a small perception experiment designed to tap into the social meaning of Yorkshire Assimilation in Huddersfield.

scholarly journals Association of social factors with low birth weight: a narrative review

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 3171
Author(s):  
Yamini Marimuthu ◽  
Sonali Sarkar ◽  
Manikandanesan Sakthivel ◽  
Yuvaraj K. ◽  
Bharathnag N. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Spouse Abuse ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Antenatal Period ◽  
Spouse Support ◽  
The Social

Low birth weight (LBW) is a major cause for neonatal morbidity and mortality. Apart from various medical risk factors, social factors also have an impact on birth weight. The objective of the study were to review the globally available evidences on the association between LBW and social factors like social support, spouse support and spouse abuse experienced by the mothers during the antenatal period. A narrative review was done during 2017 in which various literatures available “PubMed” and “Google Scholar” related to the social factors like social support, spouse support and spouse abuse and low birth weight were reviewed after checking for full text availability and removing duplicates. The antenatal mothers with high perceived social support was associated with 60% lesser odds of having LBW. Mothers with high perceived spouse support had 23% lesser odds of having LBW both of which might act through financial, moral, emotional and behavioral pathways. Various studies have found positive association between LBW and spouse abuse and the OR ranged from 1.3 to 3.8. The definitions and instruments used for the social support, spouse support and spouse abuse are varied making it difficult to interpret varied results in different study settings. With the available few evidences it can be concluded that lack of spouse support and social support and the presence of spousal abuse during antenatal period increases the odds of still birth, preterm birth and low birth weight among children.

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