scholarly journals The Balkans in exile : the relationship between Serbian and Croatian communities in Toronto

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Milenović
Keyword(s):  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
World War Two ◽  
World War ◽  
Immigrants And Refugees ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
Balkan Wars ◽  
Recent Growth ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Slobodan Milosevic

The recent growth of the Serbian and Croation communities in the Greater Toronto Area has encouraged a change in attitudes between the two groups. Nationalistic sentiments harbored by many in the post-World War Two wave of predominantly Četnik and Ustaša émigrés have been laid to rest by the most recent influx of immigrants and refugees from the former Yugoslavia. This study will discern the reasons for which the new cohort of Yugoslav expatriates of Serbian and Croatian descent has been able to overcome seemingly crippling issues of nationalism. This paper will discuss how two major political figures in the Balkan wars of the 1990s, Slobodan Milošević and Franjo Tudjman, manipulated the nationalism of these two communities. In addition, an examination of media from Serbia, Croatia, and Canada will provide insight on the intricate web of factors that have influenced the conflict between the Serbian and Croatian communities in Toronto.

scholarly journals The Balkans in exile : the relationship between Serbian and Croatian communities in Toronto

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Milenović
Keyword(s):  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
World War Two ◽  
World War ◽  
Immigrants And Refugees ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Greater Toronto Area ◽  
Balkan Wars ◽  
Recent Growth ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Slobodan Milosevic

The recent growth of the Serbian and Croation communities in the Greater Toronto Area has encouraged a change in attitudes between the two groups. Nationalistic sentiments harbored by many in the post-World War Two wave of predominantly Četnik and Ustaša émigrés have been laid to rest by the most recent influx of immigrants and refugees from the former Yugoslavia. This study will discern the reasons for which the new cohort of Yugoslav expatriates of Serbian and Croatian descent has been able to overcome seemingly crippling issues of nationalism. This paper will discuss how two major political figures in the Balkan wars of the 1990s, Slobodan Milošević and Franjo Tudjman, manipulated the nationalism of these two communities. In addition, an examination of media from Serbia, Croatia, and Canada will provide insight on the intricate web of factors that have influenced the conflict between the Serbian and Croatian communities in Toronto.

Origins

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-27
Author(s):  
Dmitar Tasić
Keyword(s):  
State Building ◽  
First World War ◽  
Guerrilla Warfare ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
World War ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Balkan Wars ◽  
The First World War ◽  
First World

Chapter I presents the story of origins of modern Balkan paramilitaries which was shaped during the late 19th—early 20th century nation and state building processes in the Balkans. Existing traditions of guerrilla warfare were used during the struggle between Greece, Bulgaria and Serbia over Ottoman Macedonia when all three countries initiated sending of small armed bands to Macedonia in order to protect their own and intimidate rivals followers. It also describes appearance of Albanian national movement and how Balkan countries used their respective paramilitaries during the Balkan Wars 1912-1913 and the First World War. It also shows how during the Toplica uprising in 1917 against Bulgarian and Austro-Hungarian occupation regimes in Serbia happened yet another bloody encounter of Serbian, Bulgarian and Albanian paramilitaries. Situation after the First World War was characterised by adjusting to new realities, by creation of new organizations and by arrival of non-Balkan actors—‘White’ Russians émigrés and former participants in Russian revolutions. Both groups brought their own experiences, visions and rivalries.

scholarly journals ПРИКАЗ ВЕЛИКОГ РАТА У КЊИЗИ ЖИВОТ ЧОВЕКА НА БАЛКАНУ СТАНИСЛАВА КРАКОВА

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 133-144
Author(s):  
Горан М. Максимовић
Keyword(s):  
Great War ◽  
World War ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Balkan Wars ◽  
Special Analysis ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Great War ◽  
First World ◽  
Greek Island

The paper analyzes the review of the Great War (1914-1918) in the memoir book The Life of a Man in the Balkans, by the writer Stanislav Krakov (1895-1968), which he wrote most probably between 1936 and 1968, and was published from a manuscript legacy three decades later after his death, in 1997. Krakov directly participated as a participant at the front in three wars, the First and Second Balkan Wars and the Great War, during which he was severely wounded three times and awarded several times for heroism. The subject of our special analysis is a review of events from the First World War. This refers primarily to the mobilization and war operations in 1914, and then to the withdrawal of the serbian army at the end of 1915 and the beginning of 1916 through Montenegro and Albania, all the way to the Greek island of Corfu. Krakov presented the most complete picture of the war operations in the records from the Salonica Front (1916-1918), as well as in the review of the war operations for the liberation of the entire country until the end of 1918. It is one of the most exciting books of Serbian documentary-artistic prose written in the 20th century, in which the features of autobiographical-memoir and novel prose intersect in a creative way.

scholarly journals The fate of missing persons and the state's possibilities in resolving this issue

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-172
Author(s):  
Marko Milović ◽  
Ljiljana Krstić
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
The State ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
World War ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Missing Persons ◽  
Second World ◽  
Standing Problem

The issue of the fate of missing persons is a painful topic for many families who, even after so many years, even decades, know nothing about their loved ones, and for the state a long-standing problem that cannot be solved by objective reasons alone. As time goes on, it is certain that there is less and less hope to find out where the missing persons were buried and possibly how they died. The paper points out the genesis of this issue, which is somehow very characteristic of the Balkans and which has its roots in decades. It is known that many families did not heal their wounds and overcome the losses of their relatives even from the Second World War, and new tragedies and new wounds of the 1990s on the same issue have already arrived. It was pointed out how many missing persons and graves there are today throughout the former Yugoslavia, and especially the obstruction by the leaders of some states that have been created in the meantime, including the temporary institutions of self-government in AP Kosovo and Metohija, which prevent solve.

The International Involvement in the Former Yugoslavia's Dissolution and Peace Settlement

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 517-535
Author(s):  
Snezana Trifunovska
Keyword(s):  
External Factors ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Balkan Wars ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Peace Settlement ◽  
New Nation

Why do Balkan wars start and why do they finish? We know that in all Balkan wars there are significant internal factors, among them the various nationalities of the former Yugoslavia who are seeking to establish, consolidate or otherwise enhance their new nation states. However, one should not discount external factors present in the Balkans, such as the interests of other states, in particular imperial interests.

scholarly journals ETHNIC CLEANSING AND HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS: CONCENTRATION CAMPS DURING THE BALKAN WARS OF 1992–1995

Defendologija ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (37) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Armand French ◽  
Goran Kovačević
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Ethnic Cleansing ◽  
World War ◽  
Orthodox Christian ◽  
Balkan Wars ◽  
Second World

The Balkan War of 1991–1995 in the former Yugoslavia was the worst war-relatedcrisis in Europe since the Second World War. Clearly, ethnic cleansing, the forceddisplacement of hundreds of thousands of civilians, became the signature event of thisconfl ict. The main vehicle for ethnic cleansing was the forceful removal and internment ofsectarian rivals into facilities that were generally crowded and where torture, rape, starvation,and killings were commonplace events. All parties, Catholic Croats, Muslim Bosniaks,and Orthodox Christian Serbs, participated in these ethnic purges. This articlehighlights the nature of this unfortunate consequence of the Balkan Wars.

Bulgaria, Serbia and Russian society during the Balkan wars (1912-1913)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikita S. Gusev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Red Cross ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
World War ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Balkan Wars ◽  
The First World War ◽  
The Media ◽  
Real Picture ◽  
Balkan States ◽  
First World

The book examines the place that Bulgaria and Serbia took in the life of Russian society during the Balkan wars of 1912-1913. The war of the Orthodox peoples of the Balkans against the Ottoman Empire stirred up Russian society. The media closely monitored the events, public lectures and meetings devoted to the war were held, donations, volunteers and Red Cross infirmaries went to the Peninsula. The Balkan states attempted use the sympathy of the Russian society to put pressure on the official Petersburg. At first, the need to remake the Balkans was justified in various ways. And then the Bulgarians and Serbs tried to prove their case in the dispute over Macedonia. The book shows the methods by which this pressure was carried out, identifies foreign and Russian subjects who participated in this propaganda campaign. Descriptions of the Balkans and Balkan peoples interested Russian readers, and correspondents described in detail what they saw. The monograph reconstructs the existing image of Bulgaria and Serbia. On its basis, with the involvement of other sources and scientific literature, an attempt is made to restore the real picture of life in Bulgaria and Serbia on the eve of the First world war and its features, to understand the peculiarity of Westernization "in the Balkan way".

scholarly journals From the history of Serbian question in Macedonia: Culturological aspect

Balcanica ◽  
2002 ◽  
pp. 227-252
Author(s):  
Prvoslav Radic
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
World War ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
Balkan Wars ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Republic ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
The One

Contemporary Serbian Question in Macedonia is most closely related to major political events in the Balkans in 19th and 20th centuries. Starting from the social and historical processes in this region of the Balkans, the author examines this question through several fundamental periods, wishing to look into the status of Serbian population in Macedonia of the time against this background. The first period began with the First Serbian Uprising (1804) heralding the creation of the first free Serbian state in the Balkans, and ended with the conclusion of Liberation Wars (1878) leaving considerable Serbian territories liberated. The second period started at the time of conclusion of liberation wars and lasted till the beginning of the Balkan Wars in 1912. The third period was the one from the conclusion of Balkan Wars till the end of World War II (1945). The fourth period commenced at the end of World War II and lasted till the disintegration of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. The last, fifth period refers to the contemporary state of affairs in the Republic of Macedonia since the disintegration of the SFRY, i.e. the independence of the Republic of Macedonia in 1991. The analysis of the status of Serbian Question here is predominantly related to the culturological aspect through examining the circumstances in education literature, and in culture in general. It shows that the status of Serbian ethnic minority in Macedonia was closely related to social, historical and political setting in these areas of the Balkans. In the new social and political environment, the status of the remaining Serbian ethnic minority in Macedonia is uncertain. In the recent decades, unstable political circumstances in this area have had adverse effects on the presence of Serbian ethnic element in Macedonian territories, even more so since it fails to receive sufficient national support from both sides.

Becoming and unbecoming refugees: the long ordeal of Balkan Muslims, 1912–34

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uğur Ümit Üngör
Keyword(s):  
First World War ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
World War ◽  
Mass Violence ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Balkan Wars ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
To Come ◽  
First World

In the process of Ottoman imperial collapse, roughly in the decade 1912-1923, millions of soldiers were killed in regular warfare. But hundreds of thousands of unarmed civilians were also victimised as a result of expulsions, pogroms, and other forms of persecution and mass violence. The Balkan wars of 1912-13 erased the Ottoman Empire from the Balkans and marked a devastating blow to Ottoman political culture. The wars produced an unparalleled refugee stream from the European provinces of the empire to Istanbul, and shaped politics and policy for years to come. The scale of displacement was such that any and all relief measures, both private and public, fell short in accommodating and providing for the refugees. Barely having recuperated from this crisis, the First World War brought more violence to Ottoman society, this time closer to its heartland. The years 1915-16 saw the destruction of the Anatolian Armenians, organized by the Young Turk political elite and carried out by a host of military, paramilitary, and civilian forces. The genocide uprooted a civilian population of over two million Armenians and made them into refugees for decades to come.

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