scholarly journals Immune dysfunction in chronic kidney disease

2022 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Fernandes ◽  
◽  
Ana Ferreira ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Bone Disease ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Altered Immune Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune Systems

Chronic kidney disease is characterized by immune dysfunction that increases predisposition to infections, virus-associated cancers and impaired response to vaccination. The altered immune response is caused by impairment of both innate and adaptive immune systems, as well as other factors that are hallmarks of renal disease, such as uremia, malnutrition, chronic inflammation, mineral bone disease and anemia. The aim of this article is to review the causes and mechanisms that lead to immune dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease.

scholarly journals The many faces of the anti-COVID immune response

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santosha A. Vardhana ◽  
Jedd D. Wolchok
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Viral Control ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
The Many ◽  
Adaptive Immune Systems ◽  
As Toxicity

The novel 2019 strain of coronavirus is a source of profound morbidity and mortality worldwide. Compared with recent viral outbreaks, COVID-19 infection has a relatively high mortality rate, the reasons for which are not entirely clear. Furthermore, treatment options for COVID-19 infection are currently limited. In this Perspective, we explore the contributions of the innate and adaptive immune systems to both viral control as well as toxicity during COVID-19 infections and offer suggestions to both understand and therapeutically modulate anti-COVID immunity.

scholarly journals Immune lag is a major cost of prokaryotic adaptive immunity during viral outbreaks

2021 ◽  
Vol 288 (1961) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jake L. Weissman ◽  
Ellinor O. Alseth ◽  
Sean Meaden ◽  
Edze R. Westra ◽  
Jed A. Fuhrman
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
Transient Dynamics ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Short Palindromic Repeat ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Adaptive Immune Systems ◽  
Virus System

Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas adaptive immune systems enable bacteria and archaea to efficiently respond to viral pathogens by creating a genomic record of previous encounters. These systems are broadly distributed across prokaryotic taxa, yet are surprisingly absent in a majority of organisms, suggesting that the benefits of adaptive immunity frequently do not outweigh the costs. Here, combining experiments and models, we show that a delayed immune response which allows viruses to transiently redirect cellular resources to reproduction, which we call ‘immune lag’, is extremely costly during viral outbreaks, even to completely immune hosts. Critically, the costs of lag are only revealed by examining the early, transient dynamics of a host–virus system occurring immediately after viral challenge. Lag is a basic parameter of microbial defence, relevant to all intracellular, post-infection antiviral defence systems, that has to-date been largely ignored by theoretical and experimental treatments of host-phage systems.

Immune system physiology in anaesthetic practice

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen F. Galley ◽  
Heather M. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
System Physiology ◽  
Adaptive Immune Systems ◽  
Immune System Physiology

The immune system provides protection against invading pathogens, foreign cells including tumour cells, and macromolecules. It comprises an early, non-specific, innate immune response and a later, specific, adaptive immune response that helps prevent disease or recurrence of disease. Innate and adaptive immune systems work together with mutual interactivity distinguishing ‘self’ from ‘non-self components’ to provide effective immune responses and prevent infection. This chapter describes the basic processes involved in immune responses and illustrates the particular relevance for some disease processes as well as highlighting stresses associated with anaesthesia and surgery that can modulate responses.

scholarly journals SaO037CIRCULATING PLASMA EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES TRIGGER INFLAMMATION AND HAMPER INNATE AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNE RESPONSE IN PATIENTS WITH END STAGE CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (suppl_3) ◽  
pp. iii39-iii39
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Cantaluppi ◽  
Davide Medica ◽  
Alessandro D Quercia ◽  
Sergio Dellepiane ◽  
Elena Boaglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
End Stage

scholarly journals Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Immune Dysfunctions: Impact of Protein-Bound Uremic Retention Solutes on Immune Cells

Toxins ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxime Espi ◽  
Laetitia Koppe ◽  
Denis Fouque ◽  
Olivier Thaunat
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Adaptive Immune Systems ◽  
Immune Dysfunctions

Regardless of the primary disease responsible for kidney failure, patients suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD) have in common multiple impairments of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, the pathophysiology of which has long remained enigmatic. CKD-associated immune dysfunction includes chronic low-grade activation of monocytes and neutrophils, which induces endothelial damage and increases cardiovascular risk. Although innate immune effectors are activated during CKD, their anti-bacterial capacity is impaired, leading to increased susceptibility to extracellular bacterial infections. Finally, CKD patients are also characterized by profound alterations of cellular and humoral adaptive immune responses, which account for an increased risk for malignancies and viral infections. This review summarizes the recent emerging data that link the pathophysiology of CKD-associated immune dysfunctions with the accumulation of microbiota-derived metabolites, including indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate, the two best characterized protein-bound uremic retention solutes.

Characteris Tics and Causes of Immune Dysfunction Related to Uremia and Dialysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Borsato Hauser ◽  
Andréa E. M. Stinghen ◽  
Sawako Kato ◽  
Sérgio Bucharles ◽  
Carlos Aita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tissue Degeneration ◽  
Pathologic Processes

From the immunologic viewpoint, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by disorders of both the innate and adaptive systems, generating a complex and still not fully understood immune dysfunction. Markers of a chronically activated immune system are closely linked to several complications of CKD and represent powerful predictors for mortality in the CKD population. On the other hand, CKD patients respond poorly to vaccination and to challenges such as bacterial infection. Interestingly, the main causes of death in patients with CKD are cardiovascular and infectious diseases, both being pathologic processes closely linked to immune function. Therefore, accelerated tissue degeneration (as a consequence of chronic inflammation) and increased rate of sepsis (because of a poorly orchestrated immune response) represent the most important targets for interventions aiming to reduce mortality in CKD patients. Understanding the mechanisms behind the immune dysfunction that is peculiar to CKD generates a perspective to improve outcomes in this group of patients.

scholarly journals Powering the Immune System: Mitochondria in Immune Function and Deficiency

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa A. Walker ◽  
Stefano Volpi ◽  
Katherine B. Sims ◽  
Jolan E. Walter ◽  
Elisabetta Traggiai
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Oxidative Phosphorylation ◽  
Immune Dysfunction ◽  
Proper Function ◽  
Immune Systems ◽  
Subcellular Organelles ◽  
Adaptive Immune ◽  
Adaptive Immune Systems ◽  
Review Current

Mitochondria are critical subcellular organelles that are required for several metabolic processes, including oxidative phosphorylation, as well as signaling and tissue-specific processes. Current understanding of the role of mitochondria in both the innate and adaptive immune systems is expanding. Concurrently, immunodeficiencies arising from perturbation of mitochondrial elements are increasingly recognized. Recent observations of immune dysfunction and increased incidence of infection in patients with primary mitochondrial disorders further support an important role for mitochondria in the proper function of the immune system. Here we review current findings.

Stroke in chronic renal failure

2008 ◽  
Vol 149 (15) ◽  
pp. 691-696
Author(s):  
Dániel Bereczki
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Intracerebral Hemorrhages

Chronic kidney diseases and cardiovascular diseases have several common risk factors like hypertension and diabetes. In chronic renal disease stroke risk is several times higher than in the average population. The combination of classical risk factors and those characteristic of chronic kidney disease might explain this increased risk. Among acute cerebrovascular diseases intracerebral hemorrhages are more frequent than in those with normal kidney function. The outcome of stroke is worse in chronic kidney disease. The treatment of stroke (thrombolysis, antiplatelet and anticoagulant treatment, statins, etc.) is an area of clinical research in this patient group. There are no reliable data on the application of thrombolysis in acute stroke in patients with chronic renal disease. Aspirin might be administered. Carefulness, individual considerations and lower doses might be appropriate when using other treatments. The condition of the kidney as well as other associated diseases should be considered during administration of antihypertensive and lipid lowering medications.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document