scholarly journals Prevention of Complications When Using the Incompatible Waters in the System Reservoir Pressure Maintenance

2021 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
Ya. A. Kokhanchik ◽  
◽  
N. A. Shostak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Internal Surface ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Reservoir Pressure ◽  
Iron Sulfides ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
Iron Compounds ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Maintenance System ◽  
Bacteriological Contamination

A pressing task in the operation of a reservoir pressure maintenance system is the prediction and monitoring of the state of the internal surface of pipelines and the total amount of sediment. The article examines the mechanism of formation of salts of carbonate and sulphate groups in the process of mixing reservoir and artesian waters, which are incompatible, when used in the system for maintaining reservoir pressure. The mechanism of formation of iron compounds when mixing waters with different pH values is considered. The effect of bacteriological contamination of the production media on the increase in the amount of iron sulfides in the production media, as well as the development of equipment biocorrosion is shown. The features of biodegradation of the field pipeline system under conditions of low reservoir temperatures are considered. The most promising methods of dealing with scaling and biocorrosion under conditions of low temperatures of field fluids are noted.

scholarly journals Studying of changes in the interaction of well during the water injection process

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Damir K. Sagitov
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Pair Correlation ◽  
Water Injection ◽  
Reservoir Pressure ◽  
Maintenance System ◽  
Displacement Front ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Production Wells

The study of the causes of changes in the effectiveness of the reservoir pressure maintenance system in terms of the interaction of injection and production wells is an important and insufficiently studied problem, especially in terms of the causes of the attenuation of stable connections between the interacting wells. Based on the results of the calculation of the Spearman pair correlation coefficient, the reasons for the change in the interaction of wells during the flooding process at various stages were estimated. Of particular interest are identified four characteristic interactions, which are determined by the periods of formation of the displacement front.

scholarly journals Convergence Issues of Hydrodynamic Models of Reservoir Pressure Maintenance Systems

2021 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
S. T. Zakenov ◽  
◽  
А. А. Yermekov ◽  
L. K. Nurshakhanova ◽  
Sh. Aijanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Initial Data ◽  
Software Package ◽  
Reservoir Pressure ◽  
Hydraulic Characteristics ◽  
Hydrodynamic Models ◽  
Pipeline Network ◽  
Maintenance System ◽  
Maintenance Systems ◽  
Calculation Software

The article presents the problems of correctness of input of initial data, convergence of hydrodynamic models based on the results of calculating the hydraulic characteristics of the ground pipeline network of the reservoir pressure maintenance system using an automated calculation software package.

Studies on the manufacture of sweet cream starter butter: II. Effect of variation in proportion of starter added to cream

1960 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. H. McDowall ◽  
J. A. Singleton ◽  
B. S. Le Heron
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Starter Culture ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Keeping Quality ◽  
Higher Temperature

SummaryProduction of diacetyl and acetoin by starters in cold skim-milk and cream was shown to increase with increase in the proportion of starter culture added, with some limitations at the higher rates of starter addition.With Streptococcus diacetilactis starter in skim-milk at 50°F the relation between proportion of starter added and production of diacetyl was linear up to addition at the 4% level, whereas at 43°F it was approximately linear up to the 10% level. At both 50 and 43°F the relation between the proportion of starter added and the production of acetoin was linear up to the 10% level.With Camb starter in skim-milk at both 50 and 43°F there were regular increases in production of diacetyl up to the 4% level of addition, but only minor changes thereafter with increase in the proportion of starter added up to 10%. At both temperatures the maximum production of acetoin was reached with the 7% rate of addition.Production of diacetyl and acetoin in skim-milk was greater at 50°F than at 43°F with both starters for all proportions up to 10%, and it was greater for Str. diacetilactis than for the mixed cultures.Except at the higher rates of addition of starter and at the higher temperature there were no concomitant increases in the acidity of the milk or lowering of the pH values. It appears that at low temperatures production of diacetyl by starters in sweet milk and cream proceeds independently of production of lactic acid.Similar results were obtained in a series of experimental buttermaking trials and some small commercial-scale trials, in which varying proportions of starter were added to creams after pasteurizing and before holding overnight for churning. With the cream-holding temperatures used, mainly 40–50°F, the pH values of the butters were not appreciably lowered by the starter additions to the cream. At all the rates of addition there were with Str. diacetilactis starter higher contents of diacetyl in the butter than with Camb starter. There was no indication of any relationship between the proportion of starter added and the keeping quality of the butter.

Ultrasonic Formation of Copper/Iron Graphene Oxide for Ketorolac Delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 1940072
Author(s):  
D. Radziuk ◽  
L. Mikhnavets ◽  
L. Tabulina ◽  
V. Labunov ◽  
M. Vorokhta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Decay Constant ◽  
Decay Curve ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Iron Compounds ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Curve Fit ◽  
Modified Graphene Oxide ◽  
Modified Graphene

New accessible sonochemical methods were developed for the functionalization of synthesized graphene oxide (GO) with copper/iron compounds and drug intercalation into their structure in aqueous solution at ambient conditions by using ultrasound (20[Formula: see text]kHz) treatment. The sonochemical formation mechanism of a new nanomaterial was revealed through the structural analysis of three types of nanocomposites: (i) copper@graphene oxide, (ii) copper/iron@graphene oxide and (iii) iron@graphene oxide. Unique copper/iron-modified graphene oxide nanocomposites can be used as nanocarriers for the anti-inflammatory drug (ketorolac) delivery in aqueous solution due to the reduced submicron size and enlarged surface area. Disintegration of the ultrasonically intercalated ketorolac followed the exponential decay curve fit at higher pH values of the aqueous solution with a higher decay constant observed in copper/iron-modified graphene oxide nanocomposites.

scholarly journals Electrochemical, Electrocatalytic, and Magnetic Properties of Vanadium-Containing Polyoxometalates

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Joseph Dika Manga ◽  
Anne-Lucie Teillout ◽  
Eric Rivière ◽  
Pedro de Oliveira ◽  
Israël Martyr Mbomekallé
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
General Formula ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Magnetic Behaviour ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Ph Dependency ◽  
Paramagnetic Behaviour ◽  
Electro Oxidation ◽  
Interesting Species

Mono-substituted vanadium-containing Dawson-type polyoxometalates having the general formula α1-[VIVW17X2O62]8− and α2-[VIVW17X2O62]8−, with X = As or P, were synthesised and subject to a comprehensive electrochemical study comprising the pH dependency. These POMs exhibit an electrocatalytic behaviour towards the oxidation of thiols (namely cysteine), rendering them interesting species for mimicking oxidative stress situations, at physiological pH values. The efficiency of the electro-oxidation was assessed with thiols of different nature, and the substrate that responded best was used to compare the electrocatalytic capabilities of the POM series. The magnetic behaviour of these POMs was also evaluated and compared to their analogues, α1- and α2-[VVW17X2O62]7− (X = As or P), at low temperatures and showed, as expected, a paramagnetic behaviour of VIV based compounds.

Optimization of the Reservoir Pressure Maintenance System in a Low-Permeability Carbonate Field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruslan Faritovich Ismagilov ◽  
Irina Aleksandrovna Chernykh ◽  
Andrey Sergeevich Chukhlov ◽  
Sergey Evgenievich Nikulin ◽  
Danila Nikolaevich Gulyaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Support ◽  
Carbonate Reservoir ◽  
Low Permeability ◽  
Reservoir Pressure ◽  
Well Bore ◽  
Maintenance System ◽  
Bottom Hole ◽  
Production History ◽  
Retrospective Testing ◽  
Production Coefficient

The investigated field is located in the Solikamsk drawdown in the northeast of the Perm Territory. The oil content level of this field is composed of Tournaisian-Famennian, Radaevsky, Radaevian, and Tula formations. This article will analysis carbonate deposits from the Tula formation using the multiwell retrospective testing (MRT) technology. Currently, the development system has been already formed, and there is ongoing compaction drilling and targeted drawdown increase that is carried out at certain wells. A pressure support system has been formed. Before the surveys have been conducted, there was a trend in production decline, for reasons that are currently unknown. To identify the causes of production decline at the carbonate reservoir in the field, special technology was used to analysis production history data and bottom hole pressure - this technology is called multiwell retrospective testing (MRT). Four sections were selected for further analysis, MRT was able to reconstruct the reservoir pressure variations and production coefficient at the tested well, the influence of the offset wells on the tested wells has been evaluated, along with transmissibility at the cross-well interval and well-bore skin of the tested wells.

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