Addition of Ginseng (Withania Somnifera) To the Diet and Its Effect on Productive Performance for Broilers Raised with Two Different Densities: إضافة الجينسنغ (Withania somnifera) إلى العليقة وتأثيره في الأداء الإنتاجي لفروج اللحم المربى بكثافتين مختلفتين

The study was conducted to find out the effect of adding ginseng root powder (Withania somnifera) at (0, 1.5 and 3.0) g/kg under two densities of breeding (12 and 17) birds/m2 on performance, economic indicators. Chicks were raised from the age 1 day-42 and distributed to the treatments at the second week in T1:12 bird\m2 +0%, T2:12 bird\m2 +1.5%,T3:12 bird\m2 +0.3%,T4:17bird\m2+0%,T5:17bird\m2+ 1.5%,T6:17 bird \m2 +0.3%.The statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference in density in body weight, weight gain, relative growth, feed conversion factor, production index, production coefficient,while the density was 12 birds/ m2 superior in consumption The feed density of 17 birds/m2 gave a higher productivity in kg/m2 compared to 12 birds/m2. The addition of ginseng did not affect the weight gain, relative growth, conversion factor, index, production coefficient, productivity yield in kg/m2, while there was a superiority of adding (1.5 and 3.0) g of ginseng compared with no addition in live body weight and in Feed consumption and production factor and in the effect of the interaction there were no significant differences in the weight gain, growth, feed consumption, evidence and production factor, while we note that the interaction(12 birds/ m2+1.5 gm ginseng) gave the highest body weight and a significant improvement in the feed conversion factor for the addition of (1.5 and 3.0) gm under the influence of breeding density 17 birds/m2 and the productivity yield exceeded kg/m2.

Operational feasibility assessment of geothermal heat harnessing systems

Renewable energy sources are now essential to establish sustainable development. This paper examines one kind of source the geothermal energy. For geothermal energy when combined with a heat pump COP can be used for evaluation. For solely geothermal sources different approach is needed thus in the paper, a new geothermal heat production coefficient is used to examine the operational feasibility. For the assessment, many hypothetical buildings were created to model their heat demands. Two types of calculation methods are used for heat demand calculation. Based on the results, the maximum depth of a geothermal borehole and economically critical qualitative coefficient was concluded.

Optimization of the Reservoir Pressure Maintenance System in a Low-Permeability Carbonate Field

The investigated field is located in the Solikamsk drawdown in the northeast of the Perm Territory. The oil content level of this field is composed of Tournaisian-Famennian, Radaevsky, Radaevian, and Tula formations. This article will analysis carbonate deposits from the Tula formation using the multiwell retrospective testing (MRT) technology. Currently, the development system has been already formed, and there is ongoing compaction drilling and targeted drawdown increase that is carried out at certain wells. A pressure support system has been formed. Before the surveys have been conducted, there was a trend in production decline, for reasons that are currently unknown. To identify the causes of production decline at the carbonate reservoir in the field, special technology was used to analysis production history data and bottom hole pressure - this technology is called multiwell retrospective testing (MRT). Four sections were selected for further analysis, MRT was able to reconstruct the reservoir pressure variations and production coefficient at the tested well, the influence of the offset wells on the tested wells has been evaluated, along with transmissibility at the cross-well interval and well-bore skin of the tested wells.

A Dynamic Model of Cytosolic Calcium Concentration Oscillations in Mast Cells

In this paper, a dynamic model of cytosolic calcium concentration () oscillations is established for mast cells (MCs). This model includes the cytoplasm (Cyt), endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria (Mt), and functional region (μd), formed by the ER and Mt, also with channels in these cellular compartments. By this model, we calculate oscillations that are driven by distinct mechanisms at varying (degradation coefficient of inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate, and production coefficient of ), as well as at different distances between the ER and Mt (ER–Mt distance). The model predicts that (i) Mt and μd compartments can reduce the amplitude of oscillations, and cause the ER to release less during oscillations; (ii) with increasing cytosolic concentration (), the amplitude of oscillations increases (from 0.1 μM to several μM), but the frequency decreases; (iii) the frequency of oscillations decreases as the ER–Mt distance increases. What is more, when the ER–Mt distance is greater than 65 nm, the μd compartment has less effect on oscillations. These results suggest that Mt, μd, and can all affect the amplitude and frequency of oscillations, but the mechanism is different. The model provides a comprehensive mechanism for predicting cytosolic concentration oscillations in mast cells, and a theoretical basis for calcium oscillations observed in mast cells, so as to better understand the regulation mechanism of calcium signaling in mast cells.

Dairy productivity of the Swiss breed procensor of different genotypes in Uzbekistan

Studies have shown that the breeding cattle of the Swiss breed of different genotypes used in the selection in Uzbekistan are characterized by high breeding value. The cows obtained from them are distinguished by high milk productivity and fat-milk content, a high milk production coefficient, indicating a pronounced milk type. Cattle of Austrian breeding are characterized by a higher productivity potential. In some cattle cows, the milk yield by 191.3–417.1 kg, the milk yield of 4% milk by 212.6–472.6 kg, the milk yield coefficient by 26.1–45.8 kg exceeds the corresponding indicators of the cows of other cattle. The calves of the cattle nick-named Karan, Koster, Emil and Jordan had milk yield at 1,174.8, 1,219.4; 935.0 and 1,010.4 kg respectively; milk fat yield by 52.9; 55.3; 45.3, and 49.9 kg are higher than the requirements of the republican standard of the Swiss breed. Studies have confirmed that the use of semen from cattle -producers of the Swiss breed in breeding herds, regardless of origin, has a positive effect on the improvement of the main selection characteristics of cows of the Swiss breed of Uzbekistan.

Characteristics of rural domestic wastewater with source separation

Rural domestic wastewater (RDW), one of the non-point pollution sources, has become a significant object related to sanitation improvement and water pollution control in Taihu Lake Basin, China. Current research on RDW characteristics and management with source separation is limited. In this study, a source-separated investigation into the characteristics of RDW was conducted, and the management suggestions were proposed. The results showed that the average RDW production coefficient was 94.1 ± 31.6 (range: 71.8–143.0) liters per capita (person) per day. Household-level wastewater generation peaked two or three times daily, and the synchronous fluctuation could cause hydraulic loading shocks to treatment facilities. The population equivalents of chemical oxygen demand, ammonium nitrogen (NH4+–N), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in RDW were 78.7, 3.7, 4.12, and 0.8 g/(cap·d), respectively. Blackwater from water closet source accounted for 30.4% of the total wastewater amount, contributing 93.0%, 81.7%, and 67.3% to loads of NH4+-N, TN, and TP, respectively. Graywater from the other sources with low nutrient-related pollutant concentrations and loads, accounting for 69.6% of the total wastewater amount, was a considerable alternative water resource. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics indicated that GW and BW had the potential of being reused in relation to water and nutrients, respectively.

Kinetical Parameters Evaluation for Microalgae-Bacteria Granules used for Waste Water Treatment

A preliminary stage in developing numerical simulations of a biological process for wastewater treatment consists in evaluating the kinetic parameters of the studied process. The study shows results obtained by experimental and numerical evaluation of mixed microalgae-bacteria granules kinetical parameters. The results showed that operational parameters modulated the main kinetic parameters of biological processes involved in removal of organic load and nutrients from wastewater such as biomass production coefficient, endogenous decomposition rate, specific peak rate of growth, semisaturation constant, specific rate of nitrification and the specific denitrification speed. These key parameters were determined over time to evaluate the performance of microbial populations in microalgae-bacteria granules in different operational conditions. Tests have been carried out for various wastewater compositions to determine the versatility and adaptability of the technology.

Primordial fluctuations of scale factor in closed Universe in Einstein–Cartan gravity

We consider a homogeneous and isotropic Universe, described by the minisuperspace Lagrangian with the scale factor as a generalized coordinate. We show that the energy of a closed Universe is zero. We apply the uncertainty principle to this Lagrangian and propose that the quantum uncertainty of the scale factor causes the primordial fluctuations of the matter density. We use the dynamics of the early Universe in the Einstein–Cartan theory of gravity with spin and torsion, which eliminates the big-bang singularity and replaces it with a nonsingular bounce. Quantum particle production in highly curved spacetime generates a finite period of cosmic inflation that is consistent with the Planck satellite data. From the inflated primordial fluctuations we determine the magnitude of the temperature fluctuations in the cosmic microwave background, as a function of the numbers of the thermal degrees of freedom of elementary particles and the particle production coefficient which is the only unknown parameter.

Nutritive value for ruminants of two herbaceous South American native legumes: Adesmia bicolor and Adesmia macrostachya

Chemical composition, in vitro fermentation and in situ degradability of the native South American legumes Adesmia bicolor and A. macrostachya were studied at vegetative (VG), flowering (FW) and seeding (SD) stages, and compared with those of alfalfa at 10% flowering (AL) in two separate studies. In A. bicolor, crude protein (CP) content was highest for FW, and FW and SD showed higher values than did AL (P < 0.05). At all stages, A. bicolor showed a lower content of neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre than did AL (P < 0.05). The maximum gas production (Coefficient b) was highest for FW, and no differences were recorded between SD and AL, the lowest value being for VG (P < 0.05). The effective dry matter degradability was higher for FW and VG than for SD and AL (P < 0.05), whereas effective CP degradability tended (P = 0.077) to be higher for FW than for the other stages of A. bicolor, but no differences between FW and AL were detected. A. macrostachya had lower CP content (P < 0.001), but its VG and FW stages also had lower proportions of neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent fibre and acid detergent lignin (P < 0.01) than did AL. Chemical and fermentation parameters were affected by maturity of A. macrostachya. The effective dry matter degradability was higher for VG and FW than for SD and AL (P < 0.001), but no differences were apparent on the effective CP degradability. A. bicolor showed a high nutritive value, which was even higher than that of AL, and the maturity stage of this species did not markedly affect its nutritive value, whereas the nutritive value of A. macrostachya reduced as it matured.