Impact On Vegetables Irrigated With Municipal and Industrial Wastewater From Korangi Drain Near IoBM, Karachi

The present study was conducted to assess the Impact on Vegetables Irrigated with Municipal and Industrial wastewater from Korangi Drain near IoBM, Karachi. Some vegetables are grown using sewage and industrial wastewater laden with alarmingly high levels of heavy metals and bacteriological contamination. Maximum concentration of lead was found in spinach 8.20 mg/l as against safe limits of 0.01 mg/l and maximum Nickel concentration was found in banana 3.114 mg/l as against 0.02mg/l whereas all vegetables were invariably bacteriologically contaminated much beyond safe limits. Appropriate legislations in Sindh and competent manpower for rigorous monitoring to gage the harmful impact on vegetables grown with untreated municipal and industrial wastewater to effectively combat the problems of growing vegetables. The emptying of untreated municipal and industrial wastewater through Korangi Drain in fresh water bodies into Karachi cost should be banned to save the coast becoming hypoxic causing irreparable loss to marine life.

Evaluation of bacteriological contamination pattern of open fractures of extremities in tertiary care hospital

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Open fractures and associated complications like infection are fairly common in developing countries due to rising incidence of high velocity trauma. Primary goal of study is to evaluate the pattern of bacteriological contamination of open fractures of extremities in tertiary care hospital.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A total of<strong> </strong>316 patients of all the age group, both the sexes with open fractures of extremities presented within 6 hours were taken in to study. 1^st swab taken at the time of primary wound examination followed by 2^nd culture swab on just after debridement followed by 3^rd culture swab on the day of 1^st aseptic dressing followed by 4^th culture swab if infection continues or asepsis score is more than 20 till the duration of 4 days. Culture and sensitivity reports were collected for studying pattern of bacterial isolates and their sensitivity.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Infection developed in 22.5% of the patients with open fractures of extremities in whom most of bacterial infections were caused by gram-negative organisms (80.3%). Cultures on admission were positive in 41 patients, out of which 11 patients had developed infection in the final cultures but with different flora. While cultures taken at 1^st aseptic dressing were found to be positive in 51 cases, out of which 31 had developed infection with prognostic value of 57%.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> We concluded that cultures obtained at 1^st aseptic dressing are far more predictive than pre and post-debridement cultures in management of patients with open fractures of extremities and are important in formulating an antibiotic policy.</p>

Prevention of Complications When Using the Incompatible Waters in the System Reservoir Pressure Maintenance

A pressing task in the operation of a reservoir pressure maintenance system is the prediction and monitoring of the state of the internal surface of pipelines and the total amount of sediment. The article examines the mechanism of formation of salts of carbonate and sulphate groups in the process of mixing reservoir and artesian waters, which are incompatible, when used in the system for maintaining reservoir pressure. The mechanism of formation of iron compounds when mixing waters with different pH values is considered. The effect of bacteriological contamination of the production media on the increase in the amount of iron sulfides in the production media, as well as the development of equipment biocorrosion is shown. The features of biodegradation of the field pipeline system under conditions of low reservoir temperatures are considered. The most promising methods of dealing with scaling and biocorrosion under conditions of low temperatures of field fluids are noted.

Monitoring heavy metal contamination levels and microbiological pollution in seawater of Agadir coastal zones

The objective of this study was to monitor the bacteriological contamination of the seawater of the marine fisheries of the coastal Agadir, Morocco. The study was focused on the diagnosis on the pollution in heavy metals, such as cadmium, lead, and mercury in five zones: the port of Imi Ouaddar fish boarding (zone Z1), the old port of Agadir (zones Z2 and Z3), the port of Agadir Marina (zone Z4), and the estuary of Oued Souss (zone Z5). The analyses were done by testing physicochemical parameters (such as pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, salinity and conductivity) as well as microbiological and atomic adsorption analyses. The experimental results showed that the values of the physicochemical parameters were almost the same in all zones, while the microbial conditions were different, in which this is due to the existence of heavy metals. The more heavy metal concentrations affected the condition of microbes in the sea water, confirmed by the number of Escherichia coli. This study demonstrated the importance of controlling concentration of heavy metals for better sustainability of environment.

Multisource Groundwater Contamination under Data Scarcity: The Case Study of Six Municipalities in the Proximity of the Naameh Landfill, Lebanon

Lebanon is affected by a protracted environmental and solid waste crisis that is threatening the water resources and the public health of its communities. This study is part of a public participatory research project that aims to evaluate the impacts of solid waste disposal practices on water, air, and health in six villages of Lebanon, stigmatized by the presence of a regional landfill. Community mapping enabled the selection and testing of seven springs and three wells in the upstream basin and 11 wells in the lower basin, covering a broad list of chemical, physical, and bacteriological parameters. Two water quality indices (WQ-1 and WQ-2) were used to assess water quality in the study area. The results for the upstream wells and springs showed a significant bacteriological contamination, while the results in the lower wells showed high levels of conductivity, chlorides, and zinc along with the occurrence of organic micropollutants in trace concentrations. The comparison between the experimental data, with the natural background value established in the same area, did not show major differences, except for zinc and bacteriological indicators. The bacteriological contamination is most likely related to sewage infiltration into groundwater at the time of the assessment. Zinc may result from landfill leachate infiltration but also well corrosion. Saltwater intrusion affecting the coastal basin is masking the results for conductivity, chlorides, and sulfates, whereas the presence of small traces of organic micropollutants in the coastal aquifer may be related to leachate infiltration. WQI-1 results, which included bacteriological indicators, showed highly degraded water quality in the C1-C3 inner basin. In contrast, WQI-2, which includes physio-chemical indicators only, showed good water quality, slightly deteriorating in the coastal area, downstream of the Naameh landfill.

Bacteriological Contamination of Drinking Water Supply from Protected Water Sources to Point of Use and Water Handling Practices among Beneficiary Households of Boloso Sore Woreda, Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia

The quality of drinking water is a powerful environmental determinant of health. Water becomes contaminated with faecal material due to inadequate protection of the source, unhygienic practices of the community at the source, and poor household handling practices. The objective of this study was to assess the level of bacteriological contamination of drinking water supply from protected water sources to point of use and water handling practices among beneficiary households of Boloso Sore woreda, Wolaita zone, Ethiopia. A cross-sectional survey and bacteriological analysis of water were conducted in January 2019. The study included 545 households for water handling practices, and 75 samples from stored water from households and eighteen water sources were included for faecal coliform test. Data were analyzed using SPSS v21.0. Descriptive and logistic regression statistical models were used. Sixty percent of shallow wells, 60% of protected hand-dug wells, and 25% of protected on-spot springs were found positive for faecal coliform. In general, 44% of water source samples and 91% of household water samples were positive for faecal coliform. In general, 38% of households were practicing unsafe water handling practices. High school and above level of education (AOR = 3.37, 95% CI: 1.03, 11.57), getting higher monthly income (AOR = 2.37, 95%CI: 1.96, 5.85), households with small family size (AOR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.15, 2.83), frequency of water collection twice a day (AOR = 2.88, 95% CI:1.56, 5.33), and presence of water payments (AOR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.24, 0.72) were significantly associated with water handling practice. Unsafe water handling was a common practice in the study area, and water sources and household water storage were not free of faecal coliform, indicating noncompliance with the World Health Organization water quality guideline. Hence, capacity building is mandatory for the protection and management of water sources and safe water handling practices in the household and community.

BACTERIOLOGICAL CONTAMINATION OF THE INTERNAL SURFACES OF THE STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION OF DAIRY RAW MATERIALS

The paper considers the issues of increasing the bacteriological purity of the inner surfaces of the storage and transportation containers of milk raw materials in the framework of production by small agricultural livestock enterprises and farms. The results of an experimental study in the field of surface contamination from metallic and polymeric materials. Prospects for the use of polymeric materials with antibacterial properties.