scholarly journals State and Development Prospects of Pyrolysis of Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
O. I. Sukhanov ◽  
◽  
F. G. Zhagfarov ◽  
D. Yu. Tremaskin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Solid Domestic Waste ◽  
Gas Cleaning ◽  
Waste Gas ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Development Prospects ◽  
Pyrolysis Processes

Waste disposal ways are analyzed. Technological schemes of pyrolysis of various categories of waste are considered: biomass of plant origin, tires, solid domestic waste (MSW) and oil sludge. The advantages and disadvantages of each of the presented schemes are revealed, and the described developments are compared with each other. The main trends in the creation of new waste pyrolysis processes have been identified: processing of raw materials of almost any composition, reducing the burden on the environment due to the design of waste gas cleaning systems, as well as the efficient use of these gases for energy production.

scholarly journals Thermal energy in Brazil, production and use

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Andriele Egídio ◽  
Giulia Dalmolin Vieira ◽  
Paulo Henrique Santos ◽  
Francini Binotto Missuiura ◽  
Lethicia Mann Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Waste Production ◽  
Thermoelectric Energy ◽  
Starting Point

The human being has become mechanical and unable to supply his or her individual and collective needs through subsistent processes; one would need mechanized means for a large-scale production. The energy production enabled the success and dynamics of the process in the industrial revolution, between the 18th and 19th centuries. With the various options for energy production (coal, water, wind, etc), comes the challenge of environmental awareness in measuring the demand for natural raw materials. The main objective of the article is to analyse information about the operation of thermoelectric plants and the use of products and by-products, such as waste and other important aspects. These aspects include the understanding of thermoelectric energy production processes and its advantages and disadvantages, evaluation of the applications of residues and analysis of the cost-benefit of its acquisition, along with the examination of demand for the types of energy used in Brazil. As a regional reference point in Santa Catarina -Brazil – the Jorge Lacerda Complex was the starting point for this study. The data collected and gauged from this work came exclusively from bibliographical research of students and guidance from third-year teachers, from São José School, city of Itajaí -SC. Here they concluded that biomass, as a renewable source in energy generation is already part of the Brazilian electric matrix representing 8.2%. This value is more than twice the amount used worldwide, but it still symbolizes only a complementary source, which concretely results in less harmful waste production. Thermoelectric energy, although not clean, is a less polluting option - compared to other non-renewable ones - and contains technologies that reduce environmental impacts. Examples include the reuse of water, filters at the top of the chimneys to reduce the emission of pollutants, and the use of ashes for cement production. Thus, this article sought to cohesively structure the production of thermoelectric energy, making it clear how the process and impacts on the social environment occur. Information can transform realities, through research, the future can be transformed.

SANITARY-HYGIENIC DISTINCTIONS OF THE APPLICATION OF PROBIOTICS FOR THE TREATMENT OF SOLID DOMESTIC WASTE

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (69) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
V.V. Stankevych ◽  
◽  
I.O. Teteniova ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Solid Domestic Waste

Contaminant migration from sanitary landfill leachate through soil monoliths

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdelinka Radenkova-Yaneva ◽  
Emilia Kostakeva ◽  
Dimiter Toshev
Keyword(s):  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Sanitary Landfill ◽  
Potential Danger ◽  
Contaminant Migration ◽  
Clay Liners ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Solid Domestic Waste ◽  
Inorganic Substances ◽  
Sanitary Landfills ◽  
Sanitary Landfill Leachate

It is well known that the leachates from solid domestic waste sanitary landfills are heavily polluted with organic and inorganic substances. As they are of a potential danger for the environment, their uncontrolled seepage is avoided in the modern sanitary landfills by means of suitable insulation. This is mostly made of natural materials with a low filtration coefficient. The present paper considers the results of the filtration characteristics, studying natural clayey soil model liners. The leachate contaminants distribution from the sanitary landfill in Sofia (Suhodol) is traced out in different liner depths. The mechanism of pollutant attenuation in the liners is considered. It is found that a part of the leachate components (Fe, Mn, SO42−, PO43−) stays in clayey liners. Besides, as a result of pore colmatation the permeability of the liners is decreased. It is shown that soil monoliths with a proper thickness might serve as a sufficiently safe barrier against leachate filtration in adjacent aquifers. On the base of the results obtained the thickness of the clay liners in the solid domestic waste sanitary landfills could be optimized.

scholarly journals Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to Ecological Changes, Social Behaviour and Human Intergroup Tolerance 300,000 to 30,000 BP

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Penny Spikins ◽  
Jennifer C. French ◽  
Seren John-Wood ◽  
Calvin Dytham
Keyword(s):  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
Resource Exploitation ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Social Behaviours

AbstractArchaeological evidence suggests that important shifts were taking place in the character of human social behaviours 300,000 to 30,000 years ago. New artefact types appear and are disseminated with greater frequency. Transfers of both raw materials and finished artefacts take place over increasing distances, implying larger scales of regional mobility and more frequent and friendlier interactions between different communities. Whilst these changes occur during a period of increasing environmental variability, the relationship between ecological changes and transformations in social behaviours is elusive. Here, we explore a possible theoretical approach and methodology for understanding how ecological contexts can influence selection pressures acting on intergroup social behaviours. We focus on the relative advantages and disadvantages of intergroup tolerance in different ecological contexts using agent-based modelling (ABM). We assess the relative costs and benefits of different ‘tolerance’ levels in between-group interactions on survival and resource exploitation in different environments. The results enable us to infer a potential relationship between ecological changes and proposed changes in between-group behavioural dynamics. We conclude that increasingly harsh environments may have driven changes in hormonal and emotional responses in humans leading to increasing intergroup tolerance, i.e. transformations in social behaviour associated with ‘self-domestication’. We argue that changes in intergroup tolerance is a more parsimonious explanation for the emergence of what has been seen as ‘modern human behaviour’ than changes in hard aspects of cognition or other factors such as cognitive adaptability or population size.

scholarly journals Comparison of Moving-Bed Catalytic Tar Hydrocracking Processes

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Vladimir Kapustin ◽  
Elena Chernysheva ◽  
Roman Khakimov
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Hydrocarbon Potential ◽  
Vacuum Residue ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Major Process ◽  
Liquid Products

In recent years, there has been a trend in the global oil industry to improve the proportion of heavy high-sulfur crude oils in the total volume of extracted and processed resources, reserves of which are estimated at over 800 billion metric tons. Therefore, the main line of oil refining is processing of heavy crudes and residua to allow maximum use of the hydrocarbon potential and yield of high-margin products. Hydrogenation processes of heavy raw materials are most attractive in terms of product quality. This article analyzes tar hydrocracking processes that are either in operation or at the stage of full-scale testing. These include Veba Combi-Cracker (VCC), Uniflex, suspended-bed catalyst hydrocracking (ENI), and vacuum residue hydroconversion (TIPS RAS). These technologies use heterogeneous catalysts and are designed to obtain the largest possible amount of liquid products. This article discusses the features of each technology, highlights their advantages and disadvantages, shows the main approaches to process management, and speculates about the development of these technologies. Tar refining is a major process in heavy oil upgrading, and the development of efficient tar-processing methods will influence refinery configurations and management.

Modularization Technology Development Prospects

2014 ◽  
Vol 509 ◽  
pp. 92-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wei ◽  
Dong Feng Wang ◽  
Ji Ying Liu ◽  
Cheng Long Yu ◽  
Tao Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Construction Technology ◽  
Modular Construction ◽  
Development History ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Comparative Advantages ◽  
Development Prospects

Describes the historical background of modular construction technology, focusing on the development of power from a modular, development history, comparative advantages and disadvantages of other aspects of the study was to investigate, and thus the modularization of the prospect.

scholarly journals Study on domestic market of medicinal products of plant origin

2018 ◽  
pp. 30-36
Author(s):  
V. M. Minarchenko ◽  
A. Yu. Butko
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Domestic Market ◽  
Biologically Active Substances ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Herbal Remedies ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Natural Resource Base ◽  
Active Substances

The popularity of herbal remedies and medicines, with the participation of biologically active substances from plants is traditionally high. The annual increase of the domestic market for herbal remedies is due to the preservation and modernization of production capacities for processing of medicinal vegetative raw materials in Ukraine, introduction of modern scientific developments, a large natural resource base of medicinal plants and attracting investments in the development of this industry. The aim of our work was the study of the domestic market of medicines of plant origin, which includes herbal remedies, substances and preparations with the participation of biologically active substances from plants. The object of the study was domestic medicines of plant origin that are registered in Ukraine for 2012–2017. The study used the analytical, statistical methods, and the results of its own resource studies of medicinal plants. Phytopharmaceutical market of Ukraine is actively developing due to the attraction of new types of medicinal plants and expanding the range of medicines. The number of domestic drugs with the participation of biologically active substances from plants has increased by 17.4% compared with 2014. It is established that as of 1 January 2017 in Ukraine was 1 141 the form of medicinal drugs of plant origin. Of them: 645 – domestic products, 496 – foreign. Most of the herbal drugs in the pharmaceutical market of Ukraine are made from wild and cultivated domestic raw materials.

scholarly journals A Heterodimeric Reduced-Ferredoxin-Dependent Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase from Syngas-Fermenting Clostridium ljungdahlii

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihong Yi ◽  
Haiyan Huang ◽  
Jiyu Liang ◽  
Rufei Wang ◽  
Ziyong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Steel Mill ◽  
Domestic Waste ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Waste Gas ◽  
Clostridium Ljungdahlii ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Mill Waste

Syngas, a mixture of CO, CO 2 , and H 2 , is the main component of steel mill waste gas and also can be generated by the gasification of biomass and urban domestic waste. Its fermentation to biofuels and biocommodities has attracted attention due to the economic and environmental benefits of this process. Clostridium ljungdahlii is one of the superior acetogens used in the technology.

scholarly journals Agricultural biogas plants in Eastern Hungary

2015 ◽  
pp. 79-81
Author(s):  
Károly Kith
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Operation ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Use Efficiency

In the scope of the article, agricultural biogas plants which operate within the region have been analysed together with their linked livestock plants. The study attempts to describe the current condition and future opportunities of the sites. It also covers the description of energy production/use efficiency. The study contains the list of factors determining the economic operation of biogas plants. In the course of the analysis, types, amount and quality of energy produced of different raw materials have been determined within the decentralised energy production.

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