scholarly journals Development of Self-pollinating and Early-bearing Philippine Makapuno (Cocos nucifera L.) Hybrids

2012 ◽  
pp. 63-74
Author(s):  
Tessie Nuñez ◽  
Edwin Ocoy
Keyword(s):  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The Self ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Seed Industry ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
F2 Hybrids ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L ◽  
High Degree

The makapuno-bearing character found only in the cross-pollinated Laguna Tall coconut variety and the self-pollinating character of dwarf coconuts were combined into new makapuno genotypes through hybridization to limit cross pollination which is a problem among tall makapuno palms. F1 hybrids between Coconiño (CÑO) and tall Makapuno (TMAC) and Tacunan (TAC) x TMAC were early-bearing with high intraspadix overlapping percentages of 85.7% and 70.90, respectively. Mean makapuno yield was 26.8% in CÑO x TMAC and 28.2% in TAC x TMAC indicating the presence of high degree of self-pollination and the dominance of the gene for the trait. ln vitro grown homozygous F2 makapuno palms started flowering at 24 months old. F2 CÑO x TMAC (VMAC 1) had a mean yield of 100% makapuno, 49 to 132 nuts/palm/year and nuts weighing 332 to 750g/dehusked nut. F2 MRD x TMAC (VMAC 2) yielded a mean of 97% makapuno, 63 to 163 nuts/palm/year and nuts weighing 288 to 1,180g each. F2 TAC x TMAC (VMAC5) had 95% makapuno, nuts weighing 736g to 1,975g/ dehusked nut. High makapuno yield of the F2 hybrids affirmed the dominance of the gene for self-pollination in coconut. Ten month-old nuts of the F2s had at least 18 mm thick meat and Lauric acid (C12) content ranging from 47.10% to 48.60%. The three F2 hybrids were registered with the National Seed Industry Council (NSIC) in 2008 as the first homozygous makapuno hybrids in the Philippines.

scholarly journals Comparative DNA Analysis of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) palms with polyembryonic and monoembryonic origins

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Daisy Jane Toting ◽  
Tessie Nuñez ◽  
Dilberto Ferraren
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Planting Materials ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L ◽  
Dna Primers

Makapuno is a rare, high-value coconut in the Philippines known for its extraordinary thick gelatinous meat with various uses in the food industry. Homozygous makapuno embryos do not germinate in vivo so plantlets are produced in vitro. where one plantlet grows from an embryo. Rare cases of polyembryony were observed in makapuno hybrids developed bythe Visayas State University, Knowledge of the genetic control of polyembryony may be used to increase the production of planting materials of these rare coconut types. DNA analysis of two sets of twins (polyembryonic), three monoembryonic hybrid palms, and their monoembryonic parental cultivars Coconiño and tall makapuno was done using seven DNA primers to determine differences which may be associated with polyembryony in the hybrids. Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of PCR products showed DNA fragments amplified by primers CAC2 and CAC56 which are unique to the twins suggesting that polyembryony might have a genetic origin.

Lauric acid improves the growth of zygotic coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) embryos in vitro

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo López-Villalobos ◽  
Peter F. Dodds ◽  
Roland Hornung
Keyword(s):  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L

scholarly journals Distribution and progression of stem bleeding disease of coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) in some areas of the Philippines

CORD ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 20 (02) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Nemesia C. San Juan ◽  
Bachiller ◽  
Reynaldo G. Abad
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Contact Points ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Effective Contact ◽  
Sigmoid Curve ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L

Records of disease occurrence in surveyed provinces show Davao del Sur having the highest disease incidence of stem bleeding caused by Thielaviopsis paradoxa (de Seynes) von Hohnel. Disease incidence in Malayan Yellow Dwarf x West African Tall (MYD x WAT) hybrid at the PCA’s Zamboanga Research Center was relatively lower than the other areas observed.  Tall genotypes are less susceptible to the disease as shown in the province of Quezon where the cultivar Laguna Tall is predominantly grown.  The incidence of stem bleeding was found to be related with palms age.   More incidence of the disease was noted in palms between 11-15 years old.           Study on the spatial distribution of the disease from l991 to l995 show that the disease initially occurred in random foci, and, subsequently infected adjacent palms.          The disease progress curves suggest that stem bleeding follows a sigmoid curve.   It follows that the progress of the disease at any given time is a function of the initial inoculums and the number of effective contact points between susceptible host and inoculums per unit time. Analysis of the infection rates using logistic growth model showed that the rate of disease increase ranged from 0.029 to 0.218 per unit per year and 0.227 per unit per year in all the six experimental areas.   Increase in disease incidence is directly related to high amount of rainfall.

Pollination and breeding system of a population of Tall Coconut Palm Cocos nucifera L. (Arecaceae) on the Gazelle Peninsula of Papua New Guinea

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 344 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Ashburner ◽  
M. G. Faure ◽  
E. A. James ◽  
W. K. Thompson ◽  
G. M. Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
The Self ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
Self Fertilization ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L ◽  
Insect Visitors

Tall Coconut Palms Cocos nucifera L. on the Gazelle Peninsula of Papua New Guinea are almost exclusively (96.3%) insect pollinated. Pollination is most likely to occur in the late afternoon when the number of insect visitors to pistillate flowers increases. Two species of halictid bees, Homalictus cassiaef/oris and H. dampieri, are most likely responsible for most of the pollination. On Gazelle Peninsula Coconut Palms, the pistillate receptive phase partially overlaps with the staminate phase in the subsequently produced inflorescence, and on average 27.8% of fruits are a result of self-fertilization, indicating a mixed breeding system. The self-fertilization rate varies between individuals and with time of the year, and is related to the degree of fertile staminate and pistil ate phase overlap between inflorescences. The flexibility in the breeding system appears to confer potential adaptive flexibility on Coconut Palms because they are able to self-pollinate if individuals become established in areas devoid of other Coconut Palms.

scholarly journals Detection of Root (Wilt) Disease of Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) based on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. Chaturvedi ◽  
G. Rajeev ◽  
C. K. Nampoothiri
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Wilt Disease ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Disease Free

<div><p><em>Root (wilt) disease (RWD), caused by phytoplasma, is a major problem causing decreased coconut productivity in southern districts of Kerala and its bordering districts of Tamil Nadu in India.  The disease is non-curable but its incidence can be reduced by propagating seedlings from nuts of disease free palms. The disease free palms are selected by ELISA test which uses antiserum obtained from rabbits against  purified phytoplasma extract containing 29, 28 and 18.5 K Da proteins.   With an objective of developing a simpler  and easier biochemical test than ELISA for RWD detection in coconut , direct SDS PAGE profiles of  soluble proteins from crude leaf extracts of healthy and diseased palms of West Coast Tall (susceptible) ,  Chowghat Green Dwarf and Malayan Green Dwarf (high degree resistant) cultivars were evaluated</em> <em>for differences in intensities of  protein bands with molecular masses corresponding closest to the purified phytoplasma extract proteins. It was found that the 31.2, 37.3, 16.9 and 13.8 KDa bands in WCT cultivar, 31 and 40.6 KDa in CGD cultivar and 29.9 and 37.1 KDa bands in the MGD cultivar showed consistent differences in intensities and/or presence or absence of certain bands between healthy and diseased palms.  Correlations and path analysis relationship between intensity of different protein bands and ELISA value also showed significant association of one or two of these marker bands with ELISA values in each cultivar.  The</em> <em>SDS PAGE profiles of crude leaf extracts could be used to effectively distinguish healthy and diseased RWD palms in these three cultivars.</em><strong></strong></p></div>

scholarly journals Isolation and Antibacterial Activity Test of Lauric Acid from Crude Coconut Oil (Cocos nucifera L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 132-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Febri Odel Nitbani ◽  
Jumina ◽  
Dwi Siswanta ◽  
Eti Nurwening Solikhah
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L

scholarly journals Effect of Meiotic Polyploidisation on Selected Morphological and Anatomical Traits in Interspecific Hybrids of Brassica oleracea × B. napus

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 26
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Marasek-Ciolakowska ◽  
Piotr Kamiński ◽  
Małgorzata Podwyszyńska ◽  
Urszula Kowalska ◽  
Michał Starzycki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Interspecific Hybridisation ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
F2 Hybrids ◽  
F2 Generation ◽  
Head Cabbage ◽  
F1 Generation

In Brassica, interspecific hybridisation plays an important role in the formation of allopolyploid cultivars. In this study, the ploidy of F1 and F2 generations resulting from interspecific hybridisation between B. oleracea inbred lines of head cabbage (B. oleracea L. var. capitata) (2n = 18) and kale (B. oleracea L. var. acephala) (2n = 18) with inbred lines of rapeseed (B. napus L.) (2n = 38) was examined by flow cytometry analysis and chromosome observation. Furthermore, the effect of meiotic polyploidisation on selected phenotypic and anatomical traits was assessed. The F1 hybrids of head cabbage × rapeseed (S3) and kale × rapeseed crosses (S20) were allotriploids with 2n = 28 chromosomes, and nuclear DNA amounts of 1.97 (S3) and 1.99 pg (S20). These values were intermediate between B. oleracea and B. napus. In interspecific hybrids of the F2 generation, which were derived after self-pollination of F1 hybrids (FS3, FS20) or by open crosses between F1 generation hybrids (FC320, FC230), the chromosome numbers were similar 2n = 56 or 2n = 55, whereas the genome sizes varied between 3.81 (FS20) and 3.95 pg 2C (FC230). Allohexaploid F2 hybrids had many superior agronomic traits compared to parental B. napus and B. oleracea lines and triploid F1 hybrids. In the generative stage, they were characterised by larger flowers and flower elements, such as anthers and lateral nectaries. F2 hybrids were male and female fertile. The pollen viability of F2 hybrids was comparable to parental genotypes and varied from 75.38% (FS3) to 88.24% (FC320), whereas in triploids of F1 hybrids only 6.76% (S3) and 13.46% (S20) of pollen grains were fertile. Interspecific hybrids of the F2 generation derived by open crosses between plants of the F1 generation (FC320, FC230) had a better ability to set seed than F2 hybrids generated from the self-pollination of F1 hybrids. In the vegetative stage, F2 plants had bigger and thicker leaves, larger stomata, and significantly thicker layers of palisade and spongy mesophyll than triploids of the F1 generation and parental lines of B. oleracea and B. napus. The allohexaploid F2 hybrids analysed in this study can be used as innovative germplasm resources for further breeding new vegetable Brassica crops at the hexaploid level.

scholarly journals Coconut Palms on the Edge of the Desert: Genetic Diversity of Cocos nucifera L. in Oman

CORD ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Lalith Perera
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Tourist Industry ◽  
Gulf Region ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L ◽  
The City

In the Gulf region, coconuts are almost exclusively produced from palms growing in the Sultanate of Oman, particularly in the extreme south-eastern coastal plain of the Dhofar Governorate, and specifically within the city limits of Salalah, between the Jebel and the sea. The importance of these coconuts is not only agricultural; historically, the Dhofar palms provided the basic materials to build boats for fishermen and traders on, around and eventually beyond the Indian Ocean. Coconut palms are now one of the main symbols of Salalah city and play a role in both the tourist industry and urban landscaping. In early 2009, twenty-nine sites, representing Oman coconuts on beaches and cultivated lands were chosen from the Dhofar region. COGENT descriptors and DNA analysis were used for the purpose of identifying coconut germplasm available in Oman. The presence was confirmed of varieties that were imported during the 1980s, such as Yellow Dwarf, Green Dwarf and King coconut from Sri Lanka, as well as Malayan Yellow Dwarf and F1 hybrids. The local Oman Tall has the same phenotypic characteristics as other coconuts of South Asia, East and West Africa, the Caribbean and the Atlantic coast of South America. Microsatellite markers, however, reveal a substantial genetic contribution of the South-East Asian coconuts, at levels that are comparable to those found in the Comoros and Madagascar coconuts. Hypotheses about the ancestry of the Oman Tall coconuts are discussed; two genepools are indicated, consecutively involving natural selection, dissemination by floating, domestic selection and dispersal by boat.

scholarly journals Penyebaran Polen Berdasarkan Analisis SSR Membuktikan Penyerbukan

Buletin Palma ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
SITI HALIMAH LAREKENG ◽  
ISMAIL MASKROMO ◽  
AGUS PURWITO ◽  
NURHAYATI ANSHORI MATTJIK ◽  
SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
Keyword(s):  
Ssr Marker ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Paternity Analysis ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Ssr Analysis ◽  
Self Pollination ◽  
Marker Loci ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L

<p><span style="font-size: medium;">ABSTRAK </span></p><p>Analisis paternitas digunakan untuk mengetahui pola penyebaran serbuk sari pada kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) tipe Dalam Kalianda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk (1) mengevaluasi pola penyebaran serbuk sari dan menentukan kisaran  jarak penyebaran serbuk sari pada kelapa tipe Dalam Kalianda, (2) menentukan persentase penyerbukan silang  (outcrossing) dan penyerbukan sendiri (selfing) yang terjadi pada kelapa tipe Dalam Kalianda, dan (3) menentukan  frekuensi pola penyerbukan silang antara kelapa tipe Dalam normal (N) dengan kelapa Dalam Kopyor (K), KxN dan KxK yang terjadi pada populasi campuran antara kelapa tipe Dalam Kopyor dan kelapa Dalam normal Kalianda.  Populasi yang digunakan terdiri atas 60 pohon kelapa tipe Dalam dewasa, 21 pohon merupakan kelapa tipe Dalam berbuah normal (homozigot KK) dan 39 merupakan pohon kelapa tipe Dalam Kopyor (heterosigot Kk). Empat belas  pohon (5 pohon KK dan 9 pohon Kk) digunakan sebagai tetua betina. Sebanyak 49 progeni dipanen dari 15 induk  terpilih dan dikecambahkan untuk sumber DNA dalam analisis paternitas. Enam lokus marka SSR polimorfik, yaitu  CnCir_B12,  CnCir_86,  CnCir_87,  CnCir_56,  CnZ_51,  CnZ_18  dan  empat  lokus  marka  SNAP  polimorfik,  yaitu  CnSUS1#14,CnSUS1#3, CnWRKY6#3 dan CnWRKY19#1 digunakan untuk menentukan genotipe seluruh progeni, seluruh kandidat tetua jantan, dan semua tetua betina yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  serbuk sari kelapa tipe Dalam Kalianda menyebar dengan jarak terjauh 63 m. Jarak penyebaran serbuk sari terbanyak pada jarak 40-50 m, dengan frekuensi sebesar 13 kejadian polinasi (27%). Dari 47 progeni yang dievaluasi, hanya satu (2%) progeni yang berasal dari penyerbukan sendiri (self pollination) dan 48 (98%) berasal dari penyerbukan silang. Dari  progeni hasil penyerbukan silang, 24 (49,0%) progeni teridentifikasi sebagai hasil persilangan antara induk dan tetua  jantan kelapa tipe Dalam kopyor heterosigot Kk, 11 (22,4%) sebagai hasil persilangan antara induk kelapa tipe Dalam  Kopyor heterosigot Kk dan normal homosigot KK, 10 (20,5%) sebagai hasil persilangan antara induk kelapa tipe Dalam normal homosigot KK dan Kopyor heterosigot Kk, serta 3 (6,1%) sebagai hasil persilangan antara induk dan tetua jantan tipe Dalam normal homosigot KK.</p><p>Kata kunci : Kelapa Dalam Kopyor, kelapa Kopyor Kalianda, tingkat penyerbukan sendiri, tingkat penyerbukan silang.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Pollen Dispersal Based on SSR Analysis Proves Kalianda to Kopyor Coconut Pollinations</strong></p><p><span style="font-size: medium;">ABSTRACT </span></p><p>Paternity analysis was applied to determine the pattern of pollen spread among Kalianda Tall coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) in Kalianda, Lampung. The objectives of this research are to (1) evaluate patterns of pollen dispersal and ranges of pollen  spread, (2) determine percentage of outcrossing or selfing rates, and (3) determine the frequency of cross pollination  among normal (N) to kopyor (K), KxN and KxK in the mix population of Kalianda Tall coconut at Kalianda, Lampung. The population used in this study was 60 palms, consisted of 21 Kalianda Tall Normal coconuts (homozygous KK) and 39 Kalianda Tall Kopyor coconuts (Heterozygous Kk). Fourteen palms out of those were selected as female parents. Progeny arrays (49 nuts) were harvested from 15 female parents and they were germinated. The DNA was isolated from  young leaf of all adult palms and germinated coconut seedlings and they were used in paternity analysis. Six  polymorphic SSR marker loci used were CnCir_B12, CnCir_86, CnCir_87, CnCir_56, CnZ_51, CnZ_18 and the four  polymorphic SNAP markers used were CnSUS1#14, CnSUS1#3, CnWRKY6#1 and CnWRKY19#3. The markers were used to genotype all the progenies, the potential male and the female parents. Results of the experiment indicated pollen of Kalianda Tall Kopyor coconut farthest disperse was 63 m. Distance of the mostpollen dispersal was between 40-50  m,with the frequency of 13 pollination events (27%). Among the evaluated progenies, only one (2%) comes from self  pollination event and 48 (98%) comes from cross pollination. Results of the progeny evaluation also indicated 24  progenies (49.0%) are results of outcrossing among Kalianda Tall kopyor heterozygous Kk parents, 11 progenies (22.4%)  are outcrossing among kopyor heterozygous Kk female and normal homozygous KK male parents, 10 progenies (20.5%) are outcrossing among normal homozygous KK female and kopyor heterozygous Kk male parents, and 3 progenies (6.1%) are outcrossing among normal homozygous KK female and male parents.</p>Keywords : Tall kopyor coconut, Kalianda Kopyor coconut, self polination, cross pollination rate.

Growth of Dracaena marginata and Spathiphyllum ‘Petite’ in Sphagnum Peat- and Coconut Coir Dust-based Growing Media

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert H. Stamps ◽  
Michael R. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Greenhouse Production ◽  
Growing Media ◽  
Sphagnum Peat ◽  
Affected Plant ◽  
Coir Dust ◽  
Media Component ◽  
The Media ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L

Abstract A comparison was made of Canadian sphagnum peat (SP) and Philippine coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) coir dust (CD) as growing media components for greenhouse production of Dracaena marginata Bak. and Spathiphyllum Schott ‘Petite’. Three soilless foliage plant growing mixes (Cornell, Hybrid, University of Florida #2 [UF-2]) were prepared using either SP or CD and pine bark (PB), vermiculite (V), and/or perlite (P) in the following ratios (% by vol): Cornell = 50 CD or SP:25 V:25 P, Hybrid = 40 CD or SP:30 V:30 PB, UF-2 = 50 CD or SP: 50 PB. Dracaena root growth was not affected by treatments but there were significant mix × media component interactions that affected plant top growth parameters. In general, the growth and quality of D. marginata were reduced by using CD in Cornell, had no effect in Hybrid, and increased in UF-2. S. ‘Petite’ grew equally well in all growing mixes regardless of whether CD or SP was used; however, plants grew more in Cornell and Hybrid than in UF-2. S. ‘Petite’ roots, which were infested with Cylindrocladium spathiphylli, had higher grades when grown in CD than when the media contained SP.

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