Agrobiodiversity of Home Gardens in Selected Marginal Upland Villages of Inopacan, Leyte, Philippines

Home gardens are subsistence crop production systems that significantly contribute to the socio-ecological resilience of peasant communities reducing vulnerability and ensuring food security. Because of their small size, they are neglected repositories of biological diversity. This paper describes the agrobiodiversity and management of home gardens in about 79 households in three marginal upland villages of Inopacan, Leyte. Semi-structured interviews and actual home garden visits were done to collect data. Results show that home gardens studied had high species diversity and exhibited a multilayered structure. A total of 171 species in 74 families and 146 genera were documented. The composites (Asteraceae) had the most number of genera and species followed by the orchids (Orchidaceae), legumes (Fabaceae) and aroids (Araceae). More than 70% of the species were exotics which were mostly ornamental plants. Erect herbs were the most common, followed by trees, shrubs, herbaceous vines and epiphytes. Majority of the species were ornamentals followed by fruit trees, medicinal plants, vegetables and spice plants, grown primarily for home use (62%) rather than as source of income. Established and managed by family members who provide free labor, the gardens mostly utilized cost-free planting materials and with no fertilizer or pesticide application.

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Development of Improved Fruit, Vegetable, and Ornamental Crops Using the CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Technique

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants8120601 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 601 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Lígia Erpen-Dalla Corte ◽

Lamiaa M. Mahmoud ◽

Tatiana S. Moraes ◽

Zhonglin Mou ◽

Jude W. Grosser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genome Editing ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Crop Production ◽

Production Systems ◽

Human Life ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Adaptive Immune System ◽

Horticultural Crops ◽

Steady Growth ◽

Repair Mechanisms

Horticultural crops, including fruit, vegetable, and ornamental plants are an important component of the agriculture production systems and play an important role in sustaining human life. With a steady growth in the world’s population and the consequent need for more food, sustainable and increased fruit and vegetable crop production is a major challenge to guarantee future food security. Although conventional breeding techniques have significantly contributed to the development of important varieties, new approaches are required to further improve horticultural crop production. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) has emerged as a valuable genome-editing tool able to change DNA sequences at precisely chosen loci. The CRISPR/Cas9 system was developed based on the bacterial adaptive immune system and comprises of an endonuclease guided by one or more single-guide RNAs to generate double-strand breaks. These breaks can then be repaired by the natural cellular repair mechanisms, during which genetic mutations are introduced. In a short time, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has become a popular genome-editing technique, with numerous examples of gene mutation and transcriptional regulation control in both model and crop plants. In this review, various aspects of the CRISPR/Cas9 system are explored, including a general presentation of the function of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in bacteria and its practical application as a biotechnological tool for editing plant genomes, particularly in horticultural crops.

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Biology and Management of Common Chickweed (Stellaria media) in Ornamental Crop Production

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-ep577-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 (5) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Yuvraj Christopher Khamare ◽

Chris Marble ◽

Nathan Boyd ◽

Shawn Steed

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Production ◽

Crop Production ◽

Production Systems ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Cool Season ◽

Stellaria Media ◽

Green Industry ◽

Container Nurseries ◽

Industry Professionals ◽

Agricultural Production Systems

Chickweed is a common cool-season annual weed in Florida landscapes, container nurseries, home gardens, and other agricultural production systems. This new 5-page article is written for green industry professionals and others to aid in the identification and management of chickweed in and around ornamental plants. Written by Yuvraj Khamare, Chris Marble, Nathan Boyd, and Shawn Steed and published by the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep577

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Importance of Home Gardens in Rural Zone of the Municipality of Abomey-Calavi in South of Republic of Benin

Sustainable Agriculture Research ◽

10.5539/sar.v6n4p150 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 150 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adjahossou Bai Sedami ◽

Adjahossou Videdji Naesse ◽

Gbenou Pascal ◽

Adjahossou Dossou Firmin

Keyword(s):

Floristic Composition ◽

Home Gardens ◽

Home Garden ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Demographic Pressure ◽

Average Percentage ◽

Palm Trees ◽

Energy Needs ◽

Rural Zone ◽

Republic Of Benin

In the municipality of Abomey-Calavi in the Department of the Atlantic in South Benin, home gardens constitute at least 35% of the families' monthly sources of food, fruit, poultry and pigs. 43 home gardens were visited and 30 were selected by reasoned choice for the survey itself. The objective of this study is to show the contribution of these home gardens to the food security of rural populations. The data concerned the size, floristic composition, phytogeographical distribution, the years of creation of home gardens, the various uses of plants, the incomes brought by plants such as bananas, palm trees, coconut trees and teak. Individual structured interviews were used to interview households. Indices of diversity such as Shannon-Wiener and Jaccard have made it possible to categorize these home gardens and to specify their biological richness. The size of these gardens ranges from 200 m2 to 8300 m2. The average percentage of species grown in home garden is 55% for their nutritional values, 29% for their medicinal values, 7% for the wood and energy needs of the populations. Half of the species found, have a wide geographical distribution. Income from these agrosystems sometimes cover partially or totally the children's school fees. This study has therefore shown the importance of home gardens in the municipality of Abomey-Calavi in a context of climate variability and increasingly pronounced demographic pressure on natural resources.

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Species composition and plant use in old urban homegardens in Rio Claro, Southeast of Brazil

Acta Botanica Brasilica ◽

10.1590/s0102-33062009000400016 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 1057-1075 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Mayra Teruya Eichemberg ◽

Maria Christina de Mello Amorozo ◽

Leila Cunha de Moura

Keyword(s):

Species Composition ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Home Gardens ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Medicinal Uses ◽

Plant Use ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Trees And Shrubs ◽

Vegetal Species ◽

High Diversity

This study, based on the ethnobotanical approach, looked for to characterize the ancient urban home gardens in Rio Claro, municipality located in the Southeast of Brazil, carrying out a survey of the wealth of vegetal species and their uses, in 17 households selected randomly. The data had been collected by means of semistructured and structured interviews and by the gathering of plants. It was verified a total of 410 species, distributed in 97 botanical families, evidencing a high diversity of ligneous species, such as trees and shrubs (H' = 1,66 and J = 0.86). There were surveyed 257 species for ornamental use, as well as 98 for alimentary and 93 for medicinal uses. Considering the great number of species found for the main categories of use, it can be inferred that the home gardens play important functions for the interviewed families, contributing for the food and medicine production destined for the consumption by the families themselves, and also playing an important esthetic function thanks to the variety of their ornamental plants. The wealth of these home gardens may be related to the rural origin and to the culture of the owners, who still keep a cultivation tradition. It was found that the products obtained from the home gardens contributed for the diet's variety of the informants, representing a promising potential for the improvement of the population alimentation.

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Biology and Management of Doveweed (Murdannia nudiflora) in Ornamental Crop Production

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-ep376-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 (5) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Yuvraj Khamare ◽

Chris Marble ◽

Nathan Boyd ◽

Shawn Steed

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Production Systems ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Warm Season ◽

Green Industry ◽

Container Nurseries ◽

Murdannia Nudiflora ◽

Postemergence Herbicides ◽

Industry Professionals ◽

Agricultural Production Systems

Doveweed is a common warm-season annual weed in Florida landscapes, container nurseries, and other agricultural production systems. This new 5-page article is written for green industry professionals and others to aid in the identification and management of doveweed in and around ornamental plants. Preemergence and postemergence herbicides are covered, as well as basic information on doveweed biology and growth. Written by Yuvraj Khamare, Chris Marble, Nathan Boyd, and Shawn Steed, and published by the UF/IFAS Environmental Horticulture Department. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep576

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Beekeeping promotes the traditional home-garden conservation in Ethiopia

Journal of Agriculture and Environment for International Development (JAEID) ◽

10.36253/jaeid-12084 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 115 (2) ◽

pp. 23-37

Author(s):

Tolera Kumsa ◽

Tura Bareke ◽

Admasu Addi ◽

Kasim Roba

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Crop Production ◽

Community Forestry ◽

Home Gardens ◽

Home Garden ◽

Historical Period ◽

Ecological Knowledge ◽

Conservation Practices ◽

Rural Ethiopia ◽

Sustainable Conservation

In Ethiopia, agrobiodiversity is managed through indigenous knowledge of rural communities, where the selection of plant species varies depending on the sociocultural practices and local economic needs. Traditional beekeeping has been practiced by millions of households in rural Ethiopia over a long historical period. However, the contribution of beekeeping in maintaining agrobiodiversity has not been systematically assessed in the country. This study was conducted in Central and Western Ethiopia to assess and compare traditional conservation practices, as well as the diversity and abundance of vegetation found within home-garden maintained by beekeepers and non-beekeepers. The results of the study showed that beekeepers raditionally retain more remnants of trees and shrubs in their home-garden to favor sustainable beekeeping, compared to non-beekeepers who instead are more likely to expand crop production. The mean number of floral species in beekeeper and non-beekeeper home-gardens was 22.8 ±3.2 and 14.2 ± 2.1, respectively. The higher species richness of bee visited plants in beekeepers’ home-gardens may be associated with traditional ecological knowledge accumulated by beekeepers over the years to maximize harvests of bee products. We therefore recommend the integration of ekeeping to other conservation interventions, such as community forestry, watersheds and protected areas as sustainable conservation practices. We suggest that necessary financial, technological, and extensional support should be enhanced to align improved v to any conservation efforts.

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THE DIVERSITY AND DISTRIBUTION OF USEFUL PLANTS IN THE HOME GARDEN OF INDONESIAN CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY (UKI) CAMPUS, CAWANG, EAST JAKARTA

Jurnal Biologi Udayana ◽

10.24843/jbiounud.2016.v20.i02.p06 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 75 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marina Silalahi

Keyword(s):

Ornamental Plants ◽

Similarity Index ◽

Home Gardens ◽

Home Garden ◽

Useful Plants ◽

Christian University ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Voucher Specimens

Home gardens are rich in biodiversity, including landscape in campus. The research was conducted on April-July2015. The research aimed to know the diversity and distribution of useful plants in home gardens of IndonesianChristian University (UKI) campus, Cawang-East Jakarta. The home gardens of UKI are divided into 7 locations.Inventaritation were conducted in all locations. The plants were observed, counted, recorded for its local nameand made its voucher specimens. The similarity index was calculated by Jaccard (Ji). Results found 96 speciesbelonged to 85 genera and 36 families of useful plants in UKI home gardens. Those plants used for shading area,fruits and ornamental plants. Arecaceae and Euphorbiaceae are families with the highest number of species (11and 9), respectively. The similarity index of plants was 0.07 to 0.49 in each location.

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Factors affecting crop diversity in farmers' fields in Nepal

Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems ◽

10.1017/s1742170513000367 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 30 (2) ◽

pp. 202-209 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sushil Pandey

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

Fruit Trees ◽

Spatial Dimension ◽

Crop Diversity ◽

Home Gardens ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Household Level ◽

Farming Community ◽

Land Holdings ◽

Diversity Studies

AbstractA study was conducted on the spatial dimension of crop diversity in Jutpani Village Development Committee (VDC) in central Nepal. Many crop diversity studies focus only on home gardens, but this study aimed to investigate the crop diversity among different production systems, and the factors affecting variations in the crop diversity on a household level. A survey of inter-household variation in cultivated crop diversity in different land-use types among 134 households indicates that 96 different types of annual crops, perennial crops and fruit trees are cultivated. Individual farms cultivated an average of 26 different crops, with this number ranging from 11 to 45. Crops were used as food by the households and, based on their adaptive characters, they were grown either in home gardens or in upland, Tandikhet and lowland. Research showed that home gardens have the highest crop diversity (a total of 78 different crops grown) compared to upland, Tandikhet and lowland. Statistical analysis to understand the factors affecting the variation in crop diversity in the household level showed that the total number of crops grown (crop diversity) on a farm is significantly higher (P<0.001) in the Indo-Aryan ethnic group compared to the Tibeto-Burman group. Farmers with three different production domains maintained higher (P<0.001) crop diversity compared to having only one or two production domains. Poor farmers with small land holdings were associated with higher crop diversity (P<0.001) compared to rich farmers with large land holdings. Therefore, planning for agrobiodiversity management should focus on the production systems, and social and economic settings within the farming community.

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INTERCAMBIO DE PLANTAS ENTRE HUERTOS Y OTROS ESPACIOS: ¿UNA ESTRATEGIA DE CONSERVACIÓN PARA EL BOSQUE MESÓFILO DE MONTAÑA DEL VOLCÁN TACANÁ, CHIAPAS, MÉXICO?

Revista Pueblos y fronteras digital ◽

10.22201/cimsur.18704115e.2015.20.34 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (20) ◽

pp. 92

Author(s):

María Eugenia Escobar Hernández ◽

Erin Ingrid Jane Estrada Lugo ◽

Eduardo Bello Baltazar

Keyword(s):

Cloud Forest ◽

Biosphere Reserve ◽

Home Gardens ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

Home Garden ◽

Conservation Practices ◽

Structured Interviews ◽

Tacaná Volcano ◽

Bosque Mesófilo De Montaña ◽

Definition Of

Se analiza el papel que realiza una de las prácticas de conservación en los huertos de una comunidad mame en la Reserva de Biosfera Volcán Tacaná; Chiquihuite, Unión Juárez, Chiapas. Lo anterior, se llevó a cabo mediante la recolecta e identificación de las especies presentes en veinticuatro huertos de la comunidad y entrevistas semi estructuradas sobre el espacio de origen y el uso a la especie. Con esta información se elaboró una matriz de presencia-ausencia y una red de relaciones entre espacios, y se concluyó que existe una práctica de intercambio, principalmente entre los espacios huerto-montaña y huerto-huerto. La base de este intercambio es el uso y por ello la definición local del concepto de conservación, no se explica sin este concepto. INTERCHANGE OF PLANTS BETWEEN HOME GARDENS AND OTHER SPACES: A CONSERVATION STRATEGY FOR THE CLOUD FOREST OF THE TACANÁ VOLCANO IN CHIAPAS STATE, MEXICO? This paper analyzes the role played by one of the conservation practices carried out in the home gardens of a Mame community in the Tacaná Volcano Biosphere Reserve: Chiquihuite, in the Unión Juárez municipality of Chiapas State. This analysis was conducted through collecting and identifying the species present in 24 of the home gardens of the community as well as semi-structured interviews regarding the space of origin and use of the species. Based on this information, a presence-absence matrix was developed as well as a network of relationships between spaces. It was concluded that there is a practice of interchange, mainly between home garden and mountain, and between home garden and home garden. This interchange is based on use and therefore the local definition of conservation cannot be explained without this concept.

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Using Advanced Optical Sensing to Quantify Phytotoxicity in Ornamental Plants

HortTechnology ◽

10.21273/horttech04866-21 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-3

Author(s):

Christian Nansen ◽

Rachel Purington ◽

Machiko Murdock

Keyword(s):

Stress Responses ◽

Crop Production ◽

Production Systems ◽

Optical Sensing ◽

Ornamental Plants ◽

Crop Damage ◽

Optical Remote Sensing ◽

Tagetes Patula ◽

Detection And Diagnosis ◽

Accuracy And Repeatability

Ornamental crop production systems face low tolerance of aesthetic crop damage by consumers and during exports by quarantine inspection entities. Consequently, development and testing of pesticide applications on ornamental crops involve two equally important assessments: 1) demonstrate the ability of pesticides to suppress target pest populations significantly and 2) minimize risks of applied pesticides causing phytotoxicity of leaves, shoots, and flowers. To maximize the accuracy and repeatability of phytotoxicity assessments, it is paramount that methods of detection and diagnosis that are rapid, repeatable, and quantitative be developed and promoted. We performed visual phytotoxicity inspection of three ornamental plants [zinnia (Zinnia elegans), marigold (Tagetes patula), and gerbera (Gerbera sp.)] to a numbered compound applied at three doses. The same plants were also subjected to optical (remote) sensing and classified as having either no or low phytotoxicity response. Although results from visual inspections suggested very low levels of phytotoxicity, 32 of 40 plants (80%) were classified correctly based on optical sensing. Importantly, classified plants showed no significant morphometric differences. We provide proof-of-concept results that optical sensing may be used to detect accurately even highly subtle stress responses by ornamental plants to high doses of foliar pesticides.

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