Urban Form Dynamics and Modelling towards Sustainable Hinterland Development in North Cianjur, Jakarta–Bandung Mega-Urban Region

The urban form is the physical configuration of a city, developed over time and space. Urban form can be considered at different scales, from region to neighborhood, each carrying a different focus. North Cianjur serves as the hinterland and one of the conurbation corridors of the Jakarta–Bandung Mega-Urban Region, meaning that the balance between its function as an environmental buffer area and the destination of urban growth needs to be planned carefully. This paper explores the dynamics in North Cianjur and employs several model scenarios as a planning intervention using landscape dynamic tools and land-change modeling, with three scenarios employed: Business as Usual (BAU), Spatial Planning Policy (SPP), and Urban Containment (UCT). The result show that North Cianjur has transformed into a polycentric region with two urban zones, a peri-urban zone, and a rural zone in the northernmost part of the region. Urban form trends show a sprawling built-up pattern outside urban zones, and a compacted trend in urban zones due to expansion from the Jakarta and Bandung Metropolitan Area. UCT models appear to be the most optimal for implementation in North Cianjur, representing a way to accommodate urban growth and expansion inside the urban center while still maintaining regional sustainability.

Socio-environmental analysis of the rural zone of Espírito Santo do Dourado/MG: a perspective for future integration policies

Issues referring to environmental conservation and diagnosis of rural zones are still scarce topics inside public policies and this aspect still requires greater attention. That being, the goal of this research was to present a diagnosis of the rural area of a small city in the South of the Minas Gerais State, with typical agricultural characteristics and large availability of water in order to verify possible socio-environmental inconsistencies. The data was gathered from secondary information of the federal, state, and town public databases, besides face-to-face questionnaires, rapid assessment protocols and high-definition satellite mapping of land use for the last few years. It was possible to assess that conservation actions and Permanent Preservation Areas (APPs) are reduced and that interviewed people present limited knowledge about public policies of family farming stimulation. As per rural basic sanitation, practical action by local governments must be prioritized. The conclusion of this diagnosis is to suggest that further investments should be prioritized to assist social and environmental segments.

Design of a Hot Air Balloons for Wireless Internet Transmission in Awajún Communities in Huampami, Amazonas-Perú

Abstract— One of the problems that causes educational inequality is the lack of access to Internet service, this is what happens in the Awajún communities in Huampami Amazonas– Perú, a remote area abandoned by the Peruvian state where Internet access is scarce. According to the province, at the primary level, in Condorcanqui only 5.29% have access to the internet, while at the secondary level 32.43% have access to the Internet service. That is why in this research work, it is proposed to bring the internet service through a point-to-point link using hot air balloons, because this wireless technology has a better performance in terms of service availability, latency, and transmission speed. Finally, through the Radio Mobile software and Google Earth, the simulation of the point-to-point link is carried out where a line of sight is obtained as a result, which indicates that it is feasible to make a radio link, in addition a reception level of - 49.8 dBm and a distance between the two points of 7.79km, it is also determined that the hot air balloon must be at a height of 90 meters for the coverage to be greater. Keywords— Education; Point to Point Link; Radio Mobile; rural zone; radiolink

During the Covid-19 lockdown, rural residence is associated to healthier lifestyle behaviours in patients with chronic coronary syndrom

Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): Dijon Football Côte d"Or OnBehalf CLEO-CD Background Lifestyle behaviours (LB) are keystones of coronary prevention and might be impacted during Covid-19 (C19) lockdown. Purpose To compare the LB in urban and rural patients suffering from chronic coronary syndrom (CCS) Methods 250 outpatients suffering from CCS were invited during the 6th week of the 1st C19 lockdown to answer to a phone-call questionnaire. Results 220 questionnaires were fit for analysis, of whom about 1/4 declared a psychologic impairment; people staying at home in urban zones trended to be more impacted. Unhealthier behaviours including cigarette smoking, decrease in physical activity and increase in screentime were common, especially in patients from urban zones. Telehealth partially counterbalanced limitation in care access and none declared discontinuation of medications. Conclusion The lockdown impacted wellbeing of CCS patients; living in rural zone was associated with a healthier LB. Main results TOTAL URBAN RURAL N (%) 220 107 113 p * Age (years, SD) 66.4+/-12.0 64.5+/-14.0 68.2+/-9.5 0.02 Male/Female 154/66 76/31 78/35 0.77 Alone at home 47(21.7) 28(26.2) 19(17.3) 0.13 Feeling cramped 16(7.6) 13(12.5) 3(2.8) 0.008 Feeling less well 50(22.9) 29(27.1) 21(18.9) 0.19 Kessler-6 score ≥ 5 57(26.8) 33(32.0) 24(21.8)) 0.12 Sleep impairment 53(24.5) 30(28.6) 23(20.7) 0.20 Angina pectorisdestabilization 13(6.6) 8(7.9) 5(5.3) 0.57 Cancelled physical examination** 67(63.8) 40(65.6) 27(61.4) 0.68 Switched to Telehealth*** 16(17.0) 7(17.5) 9(16.7) 1 Coronavirus testing 7(3.2) 3(2.8) 4(3.6) 1 Lifestyle behaviours Cigarette smoking 36(16.4) 26(23.3) 10(9.3) 0.006 Cigarette smoking increase 11(30.6) 8(40.0) 3(18.8) 0.27 Decreased physical activity 96(44.2) 56(53.3) 40(35.7) 0.009 Screentime increase 98(45.0) 59(55.1) 39(35.1) 0.004 Alcohol intake increase 10(5.2) 5(5.3) 5(5.2) 1 Weight increase ≥ 2 kg 52(24.5) 28(26.9) 24(22.2) 0.52 * between Urban and Rural **from scheduled physical examination ***from cancelled scheduled physical examination

Association between psychological factors and temporomandibular disorders in adolescents of rural and urban zones

Background Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are related to psychological factors. Adolescence is one of the stages in life with more psychosocial vulnerability, which is dissimilar in rural and urban zones. Thus, the aim of this investigation was to evaluate the association between psychological factors (symptoms of anxiety, depression and somatization) and TMD in adolescents between 12 and 15 years, belonging to urban and rural zones of Colombia. Methods 180 subjects aged 12–15 years (mean 13.8, SD 1.2), enrolled in public schools in the rural (n = 90) and urban (n = 90) zones were included. All subjects were evaluated using the DC/TMD instrument; the Axis I was applied for the clinical examination and the Axis II for the psychological evaluation. Data were analyzed by means of T-student, Mann–Whitney, Kruskall–Wallis tests, Pearson Chi square and multiple-variable analysis with logistic regression. Results Forty percent of the included subjects presented some type of TMD. TMD related to pain were the most common (25.5% of the studied adolescents), being myalgia the most common (20% of the adolescents in urban zone and 31.1% of the adolescents in the rural zone). There was no difference between the TMD present in males and females, but there were differences in the symptoms of Anxiety, and Somatization (p < 0.05). TMD and psychological factors were more prevalent in children with 13 years of age. A statistically significant association between TMD and symptoms of Anxiety (Pearson Chi squared 25.57, p = 0.04), depression (Pearson Chi squared 33.28, p = 0.03) and somatization (Pearson Chi squared 25.79, p = 0.04) was found in subjects from rural zones. No associations between psychological aspects and TMD were found in subjects from urban zones, but overall all psychological factors significantly influenced TMD. Conclusion This study indicates Myalgia to be the most prevalent TMD in studied Colombian adolescents. Pain-related TMDs are associated with psychological factors in the adolescent population of rural Colombia. Symptoms of anxiety, depression and somatization were found to be associated to TMD, even when the frequency was not necessarily severe.

Hematological, clinical and epidemiological aspects of Hepatozoon canis infection by parasitological detection in dogs from the rural area of Sousa, Paraíba, Brazil

ABSTRACT: Hepatozoonosis is caused by protozoa of the genus Hepatozoon. In dogs, the infection is caused mainly by Hepatozoon canis, and there are a few descriptions of the prevalence of this infection in the Northeast region of Brazil, especially in the semi-arid region. Therefore, we aimed to determine the prevalence of Hepatozoon canis infection in dogs in the rural area of Sousa, Paraíba, Brazil, as well as to determine the possible clinical and epidemiological aspects of this infection. Ninety-eight dogs in the rural zone of the municipality of Sousa that were at least 4 months old were evaluated, regardless of their breed or gender. Clinical examinations were carried out, and samples of systemic and peripheral blood were collected to determine the presence of the parasite in blood smears and carry out hemograms. In addition, epidemiological questionnaires about animal health and food management were completed. The prevalence of H. canis infections in dogs was 8.1% (8/98). There were three main changes in the hematological status: thrombocytopenia, anemia and hyperproteinemia, mainly related to percentage of leukocyte infection ≥5%, and also to the presence of clinical signs such as mucopurulent secretion, lymphadenomegaly, dry skin, pale mucous membranes, and lean or cachectic body score.

DO BRASIL PARA MOÇAMBIQUE: transferência e implementação do programa mais alimentos

O Programa Mais Alimentos Internacional combina a convencional cooperação técnica em agricultura com uma linha de crédito direcionada a pequenos agricultores moçambicanos para aquisição de maquinário brasileiro para o mercado agrícola. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o processo de implementação do PMAI em Moçambique. Para tanto, realiza cerca de quarenta entrevistas no Brasil e em Moçambique, uma pesquisa de campo de quinze dias em onze municípios de Moçambique, inclusive na zona rural, e análise de comunicação telegráfica entre os governos brasileiro e moçambicano. Acombinação dessas técnicas permitiu concluir que a) o PMAI em Moçambique não impactou significativamente nenhum dos lados envolvidos na cooperação, b) o Brasil pode superar o discurso tradicional da diplomacia e se beneficiar dacooperação sul-sul através de ganhos comerciais e c) o PMAI, embora tenha proporcionado aumento da produtividade dos agricultores moçambicanos de forma geral, esbarrou no problema do acesso ao mercado.Palavras-chave: Programa Mais Alimentos Internacional. Brasil. Moçambique. Transferência. Implementação.FROM BRAZIL TO MOZAMBIQUE: transference and implementation of More Food ProgramAbstractMore Food Program combines the conventional technical cooperation in agriculture with a credit line directed to Mozambican small farmers for acquiring Brazilian agricultural machinery. This article aims at analyzing MFP’s implementation in Mozambique, goal that was fulfilled through the following techniques - almost forty interviews in Brazil and Mozambique, a field research in eleven Mozambican municipalities, including the rural zone, and analysis of telegraphic communication between Brazilian and Mozambican governments. The combination of these techniques showed that a) MFP did not materially impact any of the sides involved in this cooperation, b) Brazil can overcome traditional diplomatic discourse and benefit from south-south cooperation through commercial gains and c) MFP enables Mozambican farmers to increase their productivity but comes into conflict with market access issues.Keywords: More Food International Program. Brazil. Mozambique. Transference. Implementation.

Achatina fulica na zona rural de Maringá, Paraná: relações ambientais

O objetivo da pesquisa é avaliar a distribuição espacial do molusco Achatina fulica, espécie exótica, na zona rural do município. Para caracterizar e explicar a ocorrência positiva da espécie foram avaliados os seguintes elementos: localização em coordenada, temperatura, umidade, insolação, altitude e avaliação da arborização/cobertura vegetal. Em campo, foram detectados 40 propriedades rurais que possuem a espécie exótica, dispersa nas proximidades das residências, barracões, e não em meio às culturas temporárias. As entrevistas indicaram que a maior parte dos entrevistados aplicam os procedimentos de contato manual de forma adequada, cujo propósito é evitar a contaminação pelo helminto Angiostrongylus sp. Entretanto, o risco não está isento, pois há pessoas que têm contato com a espécie sem proteção nas mãos e, em mais de 50% das residências há roedores (ratos), que são hospedeiros definitivos do verme. Achatina fulica in rural zone of Maringá, Paraná: environmental relations A B S T R A C TThe objectives of this research are: 1) map the current spatial distribution of the mollusc Achatina fulica in the rural zone and its interaction with the environmental conditions in which they are found in the rural area of the municipality of Maringá, Paraná; 2) evaluate the potential risks to human health through the questionnaires used during the interviews; 3) assess whether the population is vulnerable to contamination by the giant African snail. The methodological procedures were established in the following steps: determining the sample size; distribution of points using the grid to not influence the choice of locations to be interviewed; authorization from the ethics board; field interviews; collections of variables in the field to relate to the snail; organize and tabulate the results; generate cartographic products; promote statistical analysis. 40 rural properties were detected that have the exotic species, dispersed in the vicinity of the residences, sheds, and not among the temporary cultures. The interviews indicated that most of the interviewees apply the procedures of manual contact in an appropriate way, whose purpose is to avoid contamination by the helminth Angiostrongylus sp. The risk is not exempt, as there are people with contact with the species without protection in their hands and, in more than 50% of the residences there are rodents (rats) - according to information raised with the residents. The snail was found at intermediate altitudes with declines of up to 12%. It was concluded that the rural area has favorable environmental conditions for the survival and reproduction of Achatina fulica, however, snails are found in specific places, thus increasing the chances of success in controlling the species.Keywords: Biogeography, environmental analysis, geographic distribution, exotic Species.