scholarly journals NEOREALISM IN MODERN PROSE ABOUT THE REVOLUTION OF DIGNITY AND THE WAR IN EASTERN UKRAINE

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Kulinska Ya.I.
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Complete Picture ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Emotional Changes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Difficult Transition ◽  
The Revolution

The article considers works devoted to the Revolution of Dignity and the Russian-Ukrainian war in eastern Ukraine.Purpose. The purpose of the proposed study is to analyze the novels of Ukrainian writers (A. Kokotukha, R. Nayda, S. Ukhachevsky, V. Ivchenko, V. Ivanyna), written in the aesthetics of neorealism, to characterize the features of such prose and evaluate it in the context of works on similar topics.Methods. The following methods were used during the research: descriptive, historical-biographical, comparative-historical (to compare different types of characters and track the dynamics of individual images), available elements of the hermeneutic method, narrative and intertextual analysis, etc.Results. The research revealed that works written in the aesthetics of neorealism appeared among the array of Maidan-military texts. Their authors, seeking to get to know a person in a difficult transition period, show psycho-emotional changes and understand social metamorphoses in general during social change, military cataclysms and personal crises represent in their works heroes from different social strata in extreme circumstances (Revolution of Dignity and War), revealing through actions the characters of their characters, their psychology and motivation (often irrational essence). It is noted that the historical and social context in these works is really just a background for the analysis of writers of various manifestations of Ukrainian life, as well as for the search for independent of society or individual patterns of existence. Emphasis on social pictures-generalizations is shifted in the works to their comprehension, the microworld of the individual is of interest to the authors as a component of the macroworld of society. It is noted that the appearance in the novels of mythologists fratricide, the Fall, and others. give the works a philosophical connotation, and the emphasized attention to documentary authenticity and deep psychologism testify to the features of neorealism in the texts.Conclusions. Studies of neorealist works dedicated to the Revolution of Dignity and the war in eastern Ukraine allow us to form a more complete picture of modern Ukrainian literature.Key words: realism, Maidan-military prose, theoretical-critical discourse, demythologization, typology, hero-character, ideology, stylistic manner, narration. У статті розглядаються твори, присвячені Революції Гідності та російсько-українській війні на сході України.Мета. Метою пропонованого дослідження є аналіз романів українських письменників (А. Кокотюхи, Р. Найди, С. Уха-чевського, В. Івченка, В. Іванини), написаних в естетиці неореалізму, схарактеризувати особливості такої прози та оцінити її в контексті творів аналогічної тематики.Методи. Під час дослідження використано такі методи: описовий, історико-біографічний, порівняльно-історичний (для зіставлення різних типів персонажів і відстеження динаміки окремих образів); наявні елементи герменевтичного методу, нара-тивного та інтертекстуального аналізу тощо.Результати. У процесі дослідження виявлено, що серед масиву майданно-воєнних текстів з’явилися твори, написані в есте-тиці неореалізму. Їхні автори, прагнучи пізнати людину складної перехідної доби, показати різноманітні психоемоційні стани та розібратися загалом у соціальних метаморфозах під час зміни суспільного устрою, воєнних катаклізмів і особистісних криз, репрезентують у своїх творах героїв із різних соціальних верств в екстремальних обставинах (Революція Гідності та війна на сході України), розкриваючи через вчинки характери персонажів, їхню психологію і мотивацію (часто ірраціональну сутність). При цьому зазначено, що історично-соціальний контекст у цих творах – насправді лише тло для аналізу письменниками різ-них проявів життя українців, а також для пошуку незалежних від соціуму чи індивідууму закономірностей буття. Акценти із соціальних картин-узагальнень зміщуються у творах на їхнє осмислення, мікросвіт особистості цікавить авторів як складник макросвіту буття соціуму. Зауважено, що поява в романах міфологем братовбивства, гріхопадіння та ін. надає творам філософ-ського підтексту, а підкреслена увага до документальної достовірності та глибокий психологізм є рисами неореалізму в текстах.Висновки. Дослідження неореалістичних творів, присвячених Революції Гідності та війни на сході України, дають змогу сформувати повніше уявлення про сучасну українську літературу.Ключові слова: реалізм, майданно-воєнна проза, теоретико-критичний дискурс, деміфологізація, типологія, герой-персо-наж, ідейність, стильова манера, нарація.

Re-embodiment and Rehabilitation

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
Keri Chiveralls
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Extended Period ◽  
Social Forces ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Ordinary Experience ◽  
Identity Reconstruction ◽  
Health And Illness ◽  
The Individual

This article examines the process of rehabilitation through Wendy Seymour's concept of re-embodiment and Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus. It argues that rehabilitation practitioners need to focus not only on the damaged body of the patient, but also on the patient's subjective experiences of health and illness and the wider social context in which they occur. The process of disembodiment caused by periods of injury or sickness creates a rupture in the ordinary experience of the individual in society. In doing so, it renders both the individual habitus and ordinary societal conceptions problematic. Individuals must then embark on a process of transformation or identity reconstruction, whereby they again come to understand themselves as “healthy”. As rehabilitation workers are likely to work closely with people over an extended period of time, they are in an excellent position to consider the person not just as an objective patient, but as a person or subject influenced by many overlapping social forces and relationships that have an impact upon their reconstitution of identity, their rehabilitation and re-embodiment. Thus, rehabilitation as re-embodiment offers an opportunity for both the patient and practitioner to reconsider themselves and their place in society, and in doing so, to effect social change both within themselves and society at large.

scholarly journals Spectacles and Embroidered Spectacle Cases from China in the Náprstek Museum

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-120
Author(s):  
Helena Heroldová
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Museum Collections ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Modern Era ◽  
Private Collections

Abstract Spectacles from China appear in many museum collections, and they are popular collectibles in private collections. The collection of ten spectacles and their cases in the Náprstek Museum in Prague shows its technological and material development from the pince-nez type in the second half of the 19th century to early 20th century tortoiseshell and plastic spectacles. As signs of learning, these different types of spectacles and their cases show their social context and meaning in Chinese society during the transition period from the traditional to the modern era.

Facing another modernity: individualization and post-traditional ligatures

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANIL K. JAIN ◽  
HEINER KEUPP ◽  
RENATE HÖFER ◽  
WOLFGANG KRAUS
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Revolution

Social change is taking place today with enormous acceleration. The globalization of politics, economy, and culture, changes in information technology and the revolution in genetic engineering are the major transforming powers. They create a complex of change and have an effect on the individual as well as the community. Known structures are coming apart and this evokes feelings of fear. However, spaces of opportunity will be opened, too. They can be used if (what we call) post-traditional ligatures constitute a new basis of social embedding. Examples of such bondings, which are more flexible and (to a large extent) self-created, are mentioned at the end of this article.

EUTANÁSIA E O AUXÍLIO AO SUICÍDIO: UM ESTUDO SOBRE A DESCRIMINALIZAÇÃO DO HOMICÍDIO PIEDOSO

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (208) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Rodolfo de Holanda Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Religion And Medicine ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Individual Determination ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Historical Scenario

This article will carry out an analysis on the practice of Euthanasia, going through its etymology, historical scenario, principles involved, as well as its understanding in our legal system and social context. In addition, an analysis of a real case in Brazil and a comparison with other countries where the practice is legal is made. This article is mainly aimed at minimally elucidating the controversy surrounding the topic, which is still very stigmatized in our country, since it involves several principles not only of law, but of religion and medicine, making a comparison between them. For the realization of this article, bibliographic research had been carried out through articles, legal sites and news sites, using deductive methodology for its understanding and outcome. There is a great taboo on the subject in our country, given that it can have different types of understanding according to the individual determination of each one, with much debate still remaining so that, finally, sick patients have the right to put their lives the best way possible.

Speaker-Oriented Attitude Datives in Social Context

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef A. Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Shared Values ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Rapport Management ◽  
The Social ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Levantine Arabic ◽  
Values And Beliefs ◽  
Social Acts

This chapter examines the social functions of speaker-oriented attitude datives in Levantine Arabic. It analyzes these datives as perspectivizers used by a speaker to instruct her hearer to view her as a form of authority in relation to him, to the content of her utterance, and to the activity they are both involved in. The nature of this authority depends on the sociocultural, situational, and co-textual context, including the speaker’s and hearer’s shared values and beliefs, their respective identities, and the social acts employed in interaction. The chapter analyzes specific instances of speaker-oriented attitude datives as used in different types of social acts (e.g., commands, complaints) and in different types of settings (e.g., family talk, gossip). It also examines how these datives interact with facework, politeness, and rapport management.

‘A Routh O’ Auld Nick-Nackets’ – the antiquarian collection of John Rae

2015 ◽  
Vol 36-37 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-183
Author(s):  
Paul Taylor
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Moral Education ◽  
The United States ◽  
Representative Case ◽  
National Museums ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The University

John Rae, a Scottish antiquarian collector and spirit merchant, played a highly prominent role in the local natural history societies and exhibitions of nineteenth-century Aberdeen. While he modestly described his collection of archaeological lithics and other artefacts, principally drawn from Aberdeenshire but including some items from as far afield as the United States, as a mere ‘routh o’ auld nick-nackets' (abundance of old knick-knacks), a contemporary singled it out as ‘the best known in private hands' (Daily Free Press 4/5/91). After Rae's death, Glasgow Museums, National Museums Scotland, the University of Aberdeen Museum and the Pitt Rivers Museum in Oxford, as well as numerous individual private collectors, purchased items from the collection. Making use of historical and archive materials to explore the individual biography of Rae and his collection, this article examines how Rae's collecting and other antiquarian activities represent and mirror wider developments in both the ‘amateur’ antiquarianism carried out by Rae and his fellow collectors for reasons of self-improvement and moral education, and the ‘professional’ antiquarianism of the museums which purchased his artefacts. Considered in its wider nineteenth-century context, this is a representative case study of the early development of archaeology in the wider intellectual, scientific and social context of the era.

Welfare tradeoff psychology is present in children and adults

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhea M Howard ◽  
Annie C. Spokes ◽  
Samuel A Mehr ◽  
Max Krasnow
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Contextual Features ◽  
Limited Experience ◽  
The Individual

Making decisions in a social context often requires weighing one's own wants against the needs and preferences of others. Adults are adept at incorporating multiple contextual features when deciding how to trade off their welfare against another. For example, they are more willing to forgo a resource to benefit friends over strangers (a feature of the individual) or when the opportunity cost of giving up the resource is low (a feature of the situation). When does this capacity emerge in development? In Experiment 1 (N = 208), we assessed the decisions of 4- to 10-year-old children in a picture-based resource tradeoff task to test two questions: (1) When making repeated decisions to either benefit themselves or benefit another person, are children’s choices internally consistent with a particular valuation of that individual? (2) Do children value friends more highly than strangers and enemies? We find that children demonstrate consistent person-specific welfare valuations and value friends more highly than strangers and enemies. In Experiment 2 (N = 200), we tested adults using the same pictorial method. The pattern of results successfully replicated, but adults’ decisions were more consistent than children’s and they expressed more extreme valuations: relative to the children, they valued friends more and valued enemies less. We conclude that despite children’s limited experience allocating resources and navigating complex social networks, they behave like adults in that they reference a stable person-specific valuation when deciding whether to benefit themselves or another and that this rule is modulated by the child’s relationship with the target.

KEBERPIHAKAN MEDIA TERHADAP ISU PELESTARIAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP

Jurnal KATA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Febrina Zulmi
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Context ◽  
Critical Discourse Analysis ◽  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Text Structure ◽  
Critical Discourse ◽  
Environmental Preservation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Way

<p><em>Media bias will always be an interesting topic to be examined. Media plays some important roles in society. One of its roles is building public opinions. In this case, media has been assumed to be biased as it might take some advantages from its position. This study aims at investigating The Jakarta Post’s bias towards the environmental preservation issues (an ecolinguistic study). The method used in this study is qualitative descriptive method by applying Van Dijk’s model of critical discourse analysis. This research model does not only analyze the aspect of text structure but also social cognition and social context. The object for this study is the news texts taken from The Jakarta Post Online. The result of the study showed that The Jakarta Post showed its bias towards environmental preservation issues by positioning itself as a pro’s side . In the text structure level, its bias can be identified with the way it chose the theme, topics, schemes and lexical choices which were in accordance with environmental ethics principles. In the social cognition level, its bias can be identified with the nature of the knowledge involved in showing its position in accordance with environmental preservation mission. In the social context level, its bias can be identified with the social values reflected from the news and certain group domination involved in the Jakarta Post’s news report which was in accordance with pro-environmental preservation. Generally, The Jakarta Post showed its progressive attitude or tendency to the change by intensely discussing environmental issues which implied the ideas of improving the way people should preserve their environment.</em></p><p> </p><p><em>Keberpihakan media akan selalu menjadi bahan yang menarik untuk diteliti. Media memainkan peran penting dalam masyarakat. Salah satu peran media adalah membangun opini publik. Dalam hal ini, media telah diasumsikan memiliki keberpihakan karena media dapat mengambil keuntungan dari posisinya tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat keberpihakan The Jakarta Post terhadap isu pelestarian lingkungan hidup (sebuah kajian ekolinguistik). Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan analisis wacana kritis model Van Dijk. Model penelitian ini tidak hanya menganalisis aspek struktur teks, melainkan juga kognisi sosial dan konteks sosial. Objek penelitian ini adalah teks berita yang diambil dari media berita online The Jakarta Post. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa The Jakarta Post menunjukkan keberpihakannya terhadap isu pelestarian lingkungan hidup dengan meposisikan dirinya sebagai pihak yang mendukung. Dalam tataran struktur teks, keberpihakannya dapat diidentifikasi dari tema, topik, skema wacana dan pilihan kata yang digunakan yang sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip etika lingkungan. Dalam tataran kognisi sosial, keberpihakannya dapat diidentifikasi dari sifat pengetahuan yang dilibatkan yang menunjukkan posisinya yang sejalan dengan misi pelestarian lingkungan hidup. Dalam tataran konteks sosial, keberpihakannya dapat diidentifikasi dari nilai-nilai sosial yang tercermin dari berita dan dominasi kelompok yang dilibatkan dalam pelaporan berita yang ditulis The Jakarta Post yang berada pada posisi pro-pelestarian lingkungan hidup. Secara umum, The Jakarta Post menunjukkan sikap progresif atau cenderung kepada perubahan dengan mengulas secara intens isu-isu pelestarian lingkungan hidup yang secara tersirat menyarankan perlu adanya peningkatan terhadap upaya-upaya pelestarian lingkungan hidup.</em><em></em></p>

Transition Times in Memory

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella della Porta ◽  
Massimiliano Andretta ◽  
Tiago Fernandes ◽  
Eduardo Romanos ◽  
Markos Vogiatzoglou
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Democratic Regime ◽  
Organizational Models ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Transition Times ◽  
Movement Participation

The second chapter covers the main characteristics of transition time in the four countries: Italy, Greece, Spain, and Portugal. After developing the theoretical model on paths of transition, with a focus on social movement participation, the chapter looks at social movements and protest events as turning points during transition, covering in particular the specific movement actors, their organizational models, and their repertoires of action and frames. The chapter focuses on two dimensions: the role of mobilization in the transition period, which implies the analysis of how elites and masses interact, ally, or fight with each other in the process, and the outcome of transitions as continuity versus rupture of the democratic regime vis-à-vis the old one. It concludes by elaborating some hypotheses on how different modes of transition may produce different types and uses of (transition) memories.

scholarly journals Individual behavioural traits not social context affects learning about novel objects in archerfish

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick A. R. Jones ◽  
Helen C. Spence-Jones ◽  
Mike Webster ◽  
Luke Rendell
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Behavioural Phenotype ◽  
Social Species ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Animals ◽  
Novel Objects ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Learning can enable rapid behavioural responses to changing conditions but can depend on the social context and behavioural phenotype of the individual. Learning rates have been linked to consistent individual differences in behavioural traits, especially in situations which require engaging with novelty, but the social environment can also play an important role. The presence of others can modulate the effects of individual behavioural traits and afford access to social information that can reduce the need for ‘risky’ asocial learning. Most studies of social effects on learning are focused on more social species; however, such factors can be important even for less-social animals, including non-grouping or facultatively social species which may still derive benefit from social conditions. Using archerfish, Toxotes chatareus, which exhibit high levels of intra-specific competition and do not show a strong preference for grouping, we explored the effect of social contexts on learning. Individually housed fish were assayed in an ‘open-field’ test and then trained to criterion in a task where fish learnt to shoot a novel cue for a food reward—with a conspecific neighbour visible either during training, outside of training or never (full, partial or no visible presence). Time to learn to shoot the novel cue differed across individuals but not across social context. This suggests that social context does not have a strong effect on learning in this non-obligatory social species; instead, it further highlights the importance that inter-individual variation in behavioural traits can have on learning. Significance statement Some individuals learn faster than others. Many factors can affect an animal’s learning rate—for example, its behavioural phenotype may make it more or less likely to engage with novel objects. The social environment can play a big role too—affecting learning directly and modifying the effects of an individual’s traits. Effects of social context on learning mostly come from highly social species, but recent research has focused on less-social animals. Archerfish display high intra-specific competition, and our study suggests that social context has no strong effect on their learning to shoot novel objects for rewards. Our results may have some relevance for social enrichment and welfare of this increasingly studied species, suggesting there are no negative effects of short- to medium-term isolation of this species—at least with regards to behavioural performance and learning tasks.

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