scholarly journals Spectacles and Embroidered Spectacle Cases from China in the Náprstek Museum

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-120
Author(s):  
Helena Heroldová

Abstract Spectacles from China appear in many museum collections, and they are popular collectibles in private collections. The collection of ten spectacles and their cases in the Náprstek Museum in Prague shows its technological and material development from the pince-nez type in the second half of the 19th century to early 20th century tortoiseshell and plastic spectacles. As signs of learning, these different types of spectacles and their cases show their social context and meaning in Chinese society during the transition period from the traditional to the modern era.

Author(s):  
Kulinska Ya.I.

The article considers works devoted to the Revolution of Dignity and the Russian-Ukrainian war in eastern Ukraine.Purpose. The purpose of the proposed study is to analyze the novels of Ukrainian writers (A. Kokotukha, R. Nayda, S. Ukhachevsky, V. Ivchenko, V. Ivanyna), written in the aesthetics of neorealism, to characterize the features of such prose and evaluate it in the context of works on similar topics.Methods. The following methods were used during the research: descriptive, historical-biographical, comparative-historical (to compare different types of characters and track the dynamics of individual images), available elements of the hermeneutic method, narrative and intertextual analysis, etc.Results. The research revealed that works written in the aesthetics of neorealism appeared among the array of Maidan-military texts. Their authors, seeking to get to know a person in a difficult transition period, show psycho-emotional changes and understand social metamorphoses in general during social change, military cataclysms and personal crises represent in their works heroes from different social strata in extreme circumstances (Revolution of Dignity and War), revealing through actions the characters of their characters, their psychology and motivation (often irrational essence). It is noted that the historical and social context in these works is really just a background for the analysis of writers of various manifestations of Ukrainian life, as well as for the search for independent of society or individual patterns of existence. Emphasis on social pictures-generalizations is shifted in the works to their comprehension, the microworld of the individual is of interest to the authors as a component of the macroworld of society. It is noted that the appearance in the novels of mythologists fratricide, the Fall, and others. give the works a philosophical connotation, and the emphasized attention to documentary authenticity and deep psychologism testify to the features of neorealism in the texts.Conclusions. Studies of neorealist works dedicated to the Revolution of Dignity and the war in eastern Ukraine allow us to form a more complete picture of modern Ukrainian literature.Key words: realism, Maidan-military prose, theoretical-critical discourse, demythologization, typology, hero-character, ideology, stylistic manner, narration. У статті розглядаються твори, присвячені Революції Гідності та російсько-українській війні на сході України.Мета. Метою пропонованого дослідження є аналіз романів українських письменників (А. Кокотюхи, Р. Найди, С. Уха-чевського, В. Івченка, В. Іванини), написаних в естетиці неореалізму, схарактеризувати особливості такої прози та оцінити її в контексті творів аналогічної тематики.Методи. Під час дослідження використано такі методи: описовий, історико-біографічний, порівняльно-історичний (для зіставлення різних типів персонажів і відстеження динаміки окремих образів); наявні елементи герменевтичного методу, нара-тивного та інтертекстуального аналізу тощо.Результати. У процесі дослідження виявлено, що серед масиву майданно-воєнних текстів з’явилися твори, написані в есте-тиці неореалізму. Їхні автори, прагнучи пізнати людину складної перехідної доби, показати різноманітні психоемоційні стани та розібратися загалом у соціальних метаморфозах під час зміни суспільного устрою, воєнних катаклізмів і особистісних криз, репрезентують у своїх творах героїв із різних соціальних верств в екстремальних обставинах (Революція Гідності та війна на сході України), розкриваючи через вчинки характери персонажів, їхню психологію і мотивацію (часто ірраціональну сутність). При цьому зазначено, що історично-соціальний контекст у цих творах – насправді лише тло для аналізу письменниками різ-них проявів життя українців, а також для пошуку незалежних від соціуму чи індивідууму закономірностей буття. Акценти із соціальних картин-узагальнень зміщуються у творах на їхнє осмислення, мікросвіт особистості цікавить авторів як складник макросвіту буття соціуму. Зауважено, що поява в романах міфологем братовбивства, гріхопадіння та ін. надає творам філософ-ського підтексту, а підкреслена увага до документальної достовірності та глибокий психологізм є рисами неореалізму в текстах.Висновки. Дослідження неореалістичних творів, присвячених Революції Гідності та війни на сході України, дають змогу сформувати повніше уявлення про сучасну українську літературу.Ключові слова: реалізм, майданно-воєнна проза, теоретико-критичний дискурс, деміфологізація, типологія, герой-персо-наж, ідейність, стильова манера, нарація.


2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 392-401
Author(s):  
T. R. Birkhead ◽  
G. Axon ◽  
J. R. Middleton

Most of the approximately 75 known eggs of the extinct great auk ( Pinguinus impennis) are in public museums, with a few in private collections. A small number of these eggs has sustained damage, either at the time of collection or subsequently, and two of these eggs are known to have been repaired. The two eggs suffered rather different types of damage and were subsequently restored using different techniques. The first, known as Bourman Labrey's egg, sustained extensive damage sometime prior to the 1840s, when the shell was broken into numerous pieces. This egg was repaired by William Yarrell in the 1840s, and when it was restored again in 2018, it was discovered that Yarrell's restoration had involved the use of an elaborate cardboard armature. This egg is currently in a private collection. The second egg, known as the Scarborough egg, bequeathed to the Scarborough Museum in 1877, was damaged (by unknown causes) and repaired, probably by the then curator at Scarborough, W. J. Clarke, in 1906. This egg was damaged when one or more pieces were broken adjacent to the blowhole at the narrow end (where there was some pre-existing damage). The media reports at the time exaggerated the extent of the damage, suggesting that the egg was broken almost in two. Possible reasons for this exaggeration are discussed. Recent examination using a black light and ultraviolet (UV) revealed that the eggshell had once borne the words, “a Penguin's Egg”, that were subsequently removed by scraping.


Author(s):  
Youssef A. Haddad

This chapter examines the social functions of speaker-oriented attitude datives in Levantine Arabic. It analyzes these datives as perspectivizers used by a speaker to instruct her hearer to view her as a form of authority in relation to him, to the content of her utterance, and to the activity they are both involved in. The nature of this authority depends on the sociocultural, situational, and co-textual context, including the speaker’s and hearer’s shared values and beliefs, their respective identities, and the social acts employed in interaction. The chapter analyzes specific instances of speaker-oriented attitude datives as used in different types of social acts (e.g., commands, complaints) and in different types of settings (e.g., family talk, gossip). It also examines how these datives interact with facework, politeness, and rapport management.


Author(s):  
Donatella della Porta ◽  
Massimiliano Andretta ◽  
Tiago Fernandes ◽  
Eduardo Romanos ◽  
Markos Vogiatzoglou

The second chapter covers the main characteristics of transition time in the four countries: Italy, Greece, Spain, and Portugal. After developing the theoretical model on paths of transition, with a focus on social movement participation, the chapter looks at social movements and protest events as turning points during transition, covering in particular the specific movement actors, their organizational models, and their repertoires of action and frames. The chapter focuses on two dimensions: the role of mobilization in the transition period, which implies the analysis of how elites and masses interact, ally, or fight with each other in the process, and the outcome of transitions as continuity versus rupture of the democratic regime vis-à-vis the old one. It concludes by elaborating some hypotheses on how different modes of transition may produce different types and uses of (transition) memories.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Changchun Fang ◽  
Xiaotian Feng

Abstract The impact of social origin on educational attainment is conditioned on the social context in which people live. In recent decades, with changes in the Chinese society, how has the impact of social origin on educational inequality changed? Based on an analysis of 70 birth cohorts, this study details the effect of social origin on educational inequality and its trends over the past 70 years. The results of this study also indicate that the historical stages hypothesis (HSH) and model-shift hypothesis (MSH) emphasized in previous studies cannot fully describe the historical changes in educational inequality. In addition to macrosocial processes, there may exist other structural factors that also affect educational inequality but are neglected. The social context and its transformation, which shaped the relationship between social origin and educational inequality, need to be examined in more detail.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Luisa Vigorelli ◽  
Elisabetta Croce ◽  
Debora Angelici ◽  
Raffaella Navone ◽  
Sabrina Grassini ◽  
...  

Digital radiography and computed tomography are two fundamental diagnostic techniques in different fields of research, including cultural heritage studies and gemmology. The application of these physical methods of investigation has gained considerable importance as they are non-invasive techniques. The presented work has been mainly focused on micro-tomographic analysis. The project is concerned with the study of natural and cultivated pearls in order to develop an investigation methodology for the analysis, distinction and characterization of different types of pearls, some of them belonging to different precious jewels from private collections. The investigations, carried out on a total of 22 heterogeneous types of pearls, allowed us to establish their origin (natural or cultivated) or to confirm/deny if a hypothesis was already expressed, and as well to highlight the cultivation methodology used case by case. Furthermore, it was possible to ascertain how large and varied the market for cultured pearls is nowadays and how difficult is, in some particular cases, to ascertain their attribution to a certain origin.


2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 2194-2198
Author(s):  
Afsar Shaik ◽  
Prasanna Raju Yalavarthi ◽  
Chadrasekhar Kothapalli Bonnoth

Medicinal Plants were used from the ancient to the modern era and has proved in treating and preventing many different types of diseases which are not treatable with other means of treatment. The present study was aimed to prove the anti-fertility activity of Decaschistia crotonifolia leaves on female wistar rats. The extracts were mainly estimated for their anti-implantation activity by taking mainly 2 dose levels: 200 & 400 mg/kg, respectively. The extracts were also tested for their hormonal alteration effects on female wistar rats.  The reports obtained in this study strongly prove the anti-fertility potential of leaves extracts of Decaschistia crotonifolia, as the extracts has shown a potential decline in the formation of implants (100%), and also the increase in uterine weight projects its estrogenic effect in Ovariectomised rats. Hence by considering the above-mentioned results, it may be proved that the leaves extracts of D. Crotonifolia poccess strong anti-fertility activity. 


2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oskar Habjanič ◽  
Verena Perko

The article deals with the relationship between the local community, museum collections, collective memory and the cultural landscape. The ICOM Code of Museum Ethics defines a museum collection as a cultural and natural heritage of the communities from which they have been derived. The collections, especially in regional museums, are inextricably linked to the community. The cultural landscape can be read also as a bridge between the society and natural environment. The cultural landscape is vitally connected with a national, regional, local, ethnic, religious or political identity. Furthermore, the cultural landscape is a reflection of the community's activities. Therefore, private collections are the foundation of the collective memory and empower museums for important social tasks. They offer an opportunity for multilayered interpretation of the past and give a possibility for museums to work on the inclusion of vulnerable groups. The collections could be a mediator and unique tool for recovering of the “broken” memory. In this way certain tragic past events, ignored or only bigotedly mentioned by history, can be re-evaluated.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron Murray

• Increasing land tax rates appears to have deterred housing speculation• Future land tax obligations are already capitalised into lower land prices• Because of this, new home buyers save between $1000 and $2000 per year on mortgage costs• New housing construction has remained strong during the tax transition period• Residential rental growth is at historical lows, benefiting renting households• The distribution of land tax obligations between different types of land holders is the main political sensitivity


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