scholarly journals Genomic Analysis of the Mycoparasite Pestalotiopsis sp. PG52

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-199
Author(s):  
DENGYUN ZHANG ◽  
JINDE YU ◽  
CHANGLE MA ◽  
LEI KONG ◽  
CHENGZHONG HE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Trichoderma Atroviride ◽  
Trichoderma Virens ◽  
Strong Ability

Pestalotiopsis sp. is a mycoparasite of the plant pathogen Aecidium wenshanense. To further understand the mycoparasitism mechanism of Pestalotiopsis sp., we assembled and analyzed its genome. The genome of Pestalotiopsis sp. strain PG52 was assembled into 335 scaffolds and had a size of 58.01 Mb. A total of 20,023 predicted genes and proteins were annotated. This study compared PG52 with the mycoparasites Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma atroviride, and Trichoderma virens. This study reveals the entirely different mycoparasitism mechanism of Pestalotiopsis compared to Trichoderma and reveals this mycoparasite’s strong ability to produce secondary metabolites.

scholarly journals Kombinasi Beberapa Dosis dan Spesies Trichoderma Formulasi Pelet dalam Menekan Perkembangan Jamur Fusarium oxyporum f.sp capsici di Pembibitan Cabai Merah ( Capsicum annum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-79
Author(s):  
Frara Efeseli Fakhdian ◽  
Abduh Ulim ◽  
Tjut Chamzurni
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
High Price ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Trichoderma Virens ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Capsicum Annum ◽  
Pepper Plants

Abstrak:Cabai merah (Capsicum annum L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura unggulan terbesar dari golongan sayur-sayuran karena memiliki harga jual yang tinggi. Disamping itu selain harga yang tinggi, di lapangan cabai merah sering  mengalami gangguan dari mulai benih disemai sampai tanaman cabai menghasilkan, hal ini disebabkan penyakit tular tanah atau pun terbawa benih. Salah satu penyakit yang memprihatinkan pada tanaman cabai merah adalah penyakit layu yang disebabkan oleh jamur Fusarium  oxysporum f.sp capsici,penyakit ini sering merugikan para petani, jika tanaman sudah terserang oleh penyakitini,  kerugian bisa mencapai 80 % pada tanaman cabai merah. Salah satu alternatif  yang digunakan dalam Pengendalian Hama dan Penyakit terpadu (PHPT) dengan menggunakan agensia Trichoderma formulasi pelet. Penelitian ini bertujuan agar mengetahui keefektifan Trichoderma  Formulasi pelet dalam menekan penyakit Layu Fusarium  yang disebabkan oleh Jamur Fusarium  oxysporum f.sp capsici. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di laboratorium Penyakit Tumbuhan Program Studi Proteksi Tanaman dan Rumah Kasa Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Unsyiah. Penelitian ini dimulai sejak bulan Agustus sampai Oktober 2017. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola non faktorial dengan 9 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 5 unit polibag sehingga terdapat 135 unit polibag. Peubah yang diamati meliputi masa inkubasi, tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun dan persentase serangan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi pelet Trichoderma harzianum 2,5 g/polibagdan Trichoderma virens 2 g/polibag mampu memperlama masa inkubasi (Tidak terdapat gejala). Aplikasi pelet  T. virens 1,5 g polibag dapat meningkatkan tinggi tanaman cabai merah sampai 16, 80 cm. Aplikasi pelet T. harzianum  1,5 g/polibag dapat mamacu pertumbuhan  jumlah daun sebesar 9,07 helai. Aplikasi pelet T. harzianum 2,5 g/polibag dan T. virens formulasi pelet 2 g/polibag mampu menekan persentase serangan jamur Fusarium  oxysporum f.sp capsici sebesar 13,68 % pada 35 hari setelah tanam.Combination of Several Doses and Species of Trichoderma Pellet Formulations In Suppressing Development Fungus of fusarium oxysporum f.sp capsici in Red Chili Breeding (Capsicum annum L.)Abstract : a red chili (Capsicum annum L.) is one of the largest superior horticultural commodity of vegetables, because it has a high selling price. Although it has high price, but in the field red chilli often disturbance from the seed sowing until the pepper plants produce, it is cause by soil contagion or even carried by seed. One of the most common diseases in red chili plants is the wilting disease cause of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp capsici. It often detrimental of the farmers if the plants have been attacked by Fusarium wilt disease, the loss could reach out about 80% in red chili plants. One of the alternative to Integrated Pest and Disease Control (PHPT) is using the Trichoderma pellet formulation agent. The reasearch purpose to determine of the effectiveness Trichoderma Formulation of pellets in suppressing Fusarium Lung disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp capsici. The research has been conducted in Plant Disease Laboratory of Plant Protection Study Program and home srceen Experimental Garden of Agriculture Faculty Unsyiah. The research was started since August to October 2017. The research uses Completely Randomized Design (RAL) non factorial pattern with 9 treatments and 3 replications each treatment consists of 5 units of polybags so that there are 135 units of polybags. The variable observed included incubation period, plant height, number of leaves and percentage of attacks. Results of the research showed that the application of Trichoderma harzianum pellet 2.5 g / polybag and Trichoderma virens 2 g / polybag was able to prolong the incubation period. Application of T. virens pellet 1.5 g polybags can increase the height of red pepper plants up to 16, 80 cm. Application of pellets T. harzianum 1.5 g / polybags can spure growth of leaves amounted to 9.07 strands. The application of T. harzianum pellet 2.5 g / polybag and T. virens pellet 2 g / polybag formulation was able to suppress the percentage of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp capsici attack by 13.68% at 35 days after planting.

Co-culture of Trichoderma atroviride SG3403 and Bacillus subtilis 22 improves the production of antifungal secondary metabolites

2020 ◽  
Vol 140 ◽  
pp. 104122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingting Li ◽  
Jiaquan Tang ◽  
Valliappan Karuppiah ◽  
Yaqian Li ◽  
Nan Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Trichoderma Atroviride

scholarly journals Identification and in silico screening of biologically active secondary metabolites isolated from Trichoderma harzianum

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Mishra ◽  
Supriya Dixit ◽  
Ved Ratan ◽  
Mukesh Srivastava ◽  
Shubha Trivedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
In Silico Screening

scholarly journals Molecular Programming of Drought-Challenged Trichoderma harzianum-Bioprimed Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishnu Maya Bashyal ◽  
Pooja Parmar ◽  
Najam Waris Zaidi ◽  
Rashmi Aggarwal
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Enrichment Analysis ◽  
Rice Cultivar ◽  
Glutathione Metabolism ◽  
Carbohydrate Binding ◽  
Molecular Programming ◽  
Phenyl Propanoid

Trichoderma biopriming enhances rice growth in drought-stressed soils by triggering various plant metabolic pathways related to antioxidative defense, secondary metabolites, and hormonal upregulation. In the present study, transcriptomic analysis of rice cultivar IR64 bioprimed with Trichoderma harzianum under drought stress was carried out in comparison with drought-stressed samples using next-generation sequencing techniques. Out of the 2,506 significant (p < 0.05) differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 337 (15%) were exclusively expressed in drought-stressed plants, 382 (15%) were expressed in T. harzianum-treated drought-stressed plants, and 1,787 (70%) were commonly expressed. Furthermore, comparative analysis of upregulated and downregulated genes under stressed conditions showed that 1,053 genes (42%) were upregulated and 733 genes (29%) were downregulated in T. harzianum-treated drought-stressed rice plants. The genes exclusively expressed in T. harzianum-treated drought-stressed plants were mostly photosynthetic and antioxidative such as plastocyanin, small chain of Rubisco, PSI subunit Q, PSII subunit PSBY, osmoproteins, proline-rich protein, aquaporins, stress-enhanced proteins, and chaperonins. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis states that the most enriched pathways were metabolic (38%) followed by pathways involved in the synthesis of secondary metabolites (25%), carbon metabolism (6%), phenyl propanoid (7%), and glutathione metabolism (3%). Some of the genes were selected for validation using real-time PCR which showed consistent expression as RNA-Seq data. Furthermore, to establish host–T. harzianum interaction, transcriptome analysis of Trichoderma was also carried out. The Gene Ontology (GO) analysis of T. harzianum transcriptome suggested that the annotated genes are functionally related to carbohydrate binding module, glycoside hydrolase, GMC oxidoreductase, and trehalase and were mainly upregulated, playing an important role in establishing the mycelia colonization of rice roots and its growth. Overall, it can be concluded that T. harzianum biopriming delays drought stress in rice cultivars by a multitude of molecular programming.

scholarly journals Bio-efficacy of Trichoderma species against Pigeonpea wilt pathogen

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2327-2331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balkishan Chaudhary ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Shiva Kant Kushwaha
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Trichoderma Virens ◽  
Trichoderma Species ◽  
Fusarium Udum

Three biocontrol agent viz., Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma virens and Trichoderma harzianum were evaluated to test the antagonism against Fusarium udum under in vitro conditions. All the three biocontrol agents have the potential of parasitizing the growth of Fusarium udum in vitro. The rate of parasitism was found fastest in T. viride (61.12% over growth in 96 hrs) than T. virens and T. harzianum. The volatile compounds from Trichoderma viride suppressed the mycelial growth of Fusarium udum by 43.13% and found effective when compared to Tricho-derma virens and Trichoderma harzianum. Non-volatile compounds or culture filtrate from Trichoderma virens at 15% concentration shows complete mycelial inhibition of the test fungi. The antagonist T. virens was chosen to be the most promising bio-control agent for F. udum.

scholarly journals POTENCY AND ACTIVITY OF SECONDARY METABOLITE OF Trichoderma harzianum AC1(b) J2 INHIBITOR GROWTH Colletotrichum capsici IPBCC 13.1098

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurkayah Nurkayah ◽  
Elisa Nurnawati ◽  
Hary Widjajanti
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽  
Zone Diameter ◽  
Colletotrichum Capsici ◽  
Layer Chromatography

Trichoderma harzianum is a fungus that can produce secondary metabolites which able to inhibit the growth of Colletotrichum capsici. a pathogenic fungus causing anthracnose in plants. the Aims of this research were to obtain and analyze the ability of secondary metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum AC1 (b) J2 isolated from Scleria poaeformis. to inhibit the growth of Colletotrichum capsici IPBCC13.1098. The secondary metabolite eluat of Trichoderma harzianum were tested for the antifungal activity toward Colletotrichum capsici IPBCC 13.1098. Fractionation was carried out by Column Chromatography and produced 31 eluat. The secondary metabolite eluat of Trichoderma harzianum with the highest inhibition zone diameter was eluat 1 with 8.4 mm in diameter. The secondary metabolite eluat with the highest value of inhibition zone was carried out by MIC test and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Based on the MIC results, the minimum inhibitory concentration of the secondary metabolite of Trichoderma harzianum to fungus Colletotrichum capsici was 250 ppm with inhibition zone diameter was 0.10 mm. The results of TLC showed orange spots on the TLC plate that indicated alkaloite compounds.

scholarly journals Genome, Transcriptome, and Functional Analyses of Penicillium expansum Provide New Insights Into Secondary Metabolism and Pathogenicity

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 232-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana-Rosa Ballester ◽  
Marina Marcet-Houben ◽  
Elena Levin ◽  
Noa Sela ◽  
Cristina Selma-Lázaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Secondary Metabolism ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Citrus Fruit ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Pome Fruit ◽  
Penicillium Species

The relationship between secondary metabolism and infection in pathogenic fungi has remained largely elusive. The genus Penicillium comprises a group of plant pathogens with varying host specificities and with the ability to produce a wide array of secondary metabolites. The genomes of three Penicillium expansum strains, the main postharvest pathogen of pome fruit, and one Pencillium italicum strain, a postharvest pathogen of citrus fruit, were sequenced and compared with 24 other fungal species. A genomic analysis of gene clusters responsible for the production of secondary metabolites was performed. Putative virulence factors in P. expansum were identified by means of a transcriptomic analysis of apple fruits during the course of infection. Despite a major genome contraction, P. expansum is the Penicillium species with the largest potential for the production of secondary metabolites. Results using knockout mutants clearly demonstrated that neither patulin nor citrinin are required by P. expansum to successfully infect apples. Li et al. ( MPMI-12-14-0398-FI ) reported similar results and conclusions in MPMI's June 2015 issue.

Smoke-water and smoke-isolated butenolide (KAR1) induce the biosynthesis of tanshinones in endophytic fungus Trichoderma atroviride D16 isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 225-229
Author(s):  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Zi-Xin Xu ◽  
Zhi-Fang Ran ◽  
Lei Fang ◽  
Lan-Ping Guo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Active Compound ◽  
Salvia Miltiorrhiza ◽  
Tanshinone Iia ◽  
Trichoderma Atroviride ◽  
Smoke Water

Although treatments of smoke-water (SW) have been successfully used for promoting seed germination as well as plant growth, less reports have been documented on the influence of SW on the production of secondary metabolites in endophytes isolated from medicinal plants. The study investigated the effects of SW and its active compound butenolide (KAR1) on the accumulation of lipophilic tanshinones in endophyte Trichoderma atroviride D16 isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza. Results showed that the mycelia of T. atroviride D16 treated with SW and KAR1 displayed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the content of tanshinone I, which was evaluated with 2.26-fold (SW) and 1.86-fold (KAR1) of the control on 20 d after treatment. Comparing with the control, the treatment of SW and KAR1 resulted in a significant increase in the content of tanshinone IIA, and the highest levels were observed to be 31.87% (SW 1:2000, v/v) and 17.77% (KAR1 at 10-9 M) on 20 d after treatment. These findings imply the possibility of using SW and KAR1 for enhancing the biosynthesis of tanshinones in T. atroviride D16, and enrich the application of smoke water in the medicinal plant field.

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