Pengaruh Pemberian Agens Hayati Terhadap Intensitas Penyakit Karat Beberapa Varietas Kedelai Hitam

Black soybean (G. max (L.) Merr.) is an important food crop and has a high nutritional content. Demand for this commodity is increasing. National soybean demand in 2015 about 2.6 million tons but domestic production only 982,967 tons. One of the obstacles to increasing black soybean production is Asian soybean rust disease caused by P. pachyrhizi. The susceptibility of black soybean to rust makes the farmers often use chemical fungicides to control it. Alternative control of rust leaves that suitable for the environment is through the selection of more resistant varieties of rust and the application of biological agents of Corynebacterium sp. and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). The research was conducted in endemic area of Asian soybean rust disease, using Complete Randomized Design 2 factors. Factor 1 varieties of black soybeans consists of V1: Detam 1, V2: Detam 3, V3: Detam 4 and Factor 2 biological agents consist of: control, Corynebacterium sp. and PGPR with 3 replications. The results showed that Detam 1 varieties produced the most massive seeds: 6.86 g plant-1. Corynebacterium sp. and PGPR treatment can significantly reduce the intensity of Asian soybean rust disease compared to controls. The intensity of rust disease in Corynebacterium sp. (11.7%), PGPR (8.9%), control (33.9%). Both soybean varieties and biological agents showed no interaction in all observed variables.

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Characterization of three soybean landraces resistant to Asian soybean rust disease

Molecular Breeding ◽

10.1007/s11032-020-01132-w ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Luciano Nobuhiro Aoyagi ◽

Yukie Muraki ◽

Naoki Yamanaka

Keyword(s):

Susceptible Variety ◽

Soybean Rust ◽

Resistance Locus ◽

Chromosome 6 ◽

Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽

Rust Disease ◽

Asian Soybean Rust ◽

The World ◽

Trait Locus

Abstract Phakopsora pachyrhizi is an obligatory biotrophic fungus that causes Asian soybean rust (ASR) disease. ASR control primarily involves chemical control and the use of resistant soybean cultivars carrying an Rpp (resistance to P. pachyrhizi) gene. This study aimed to characterize the ASR resistance of three soybean Asian landraces. By screening the world core collection (WC) of soybean, which consists of 80 varieties, three landraces were identified in Southeast Asia as resistant to ASR. Genetic mapping using the F2 population derived from a cross with an ASR-susceptible variety, BRS 184, indicated that KS 1034 (WC2) has ASR resistance conferred by a single dominant resistance gene, mapped on chromosome 18, in the same region where Rpp1 was mapped previously. The BRS 184 × WC61 (COL/THAI/1986/THAI-80) F2 population, on the other hand, showed an ASR resistance locus mapped by quantitative trait locus analysis on chromosome 6, in the region where the resistance conferred by PI 416764 Rpp3 resides, with a logarithm of the odds score peak at the same position as the marker, Satt079, while the BRS 184 × WC51 (HM 39) population showed the resistance to ASR allocated between Satt079 and Sat_263 markers, also in the region where Rpp3 was mapped previously. Both WC51 and WC61 have the same infection profile as FT-2 and PI 462312 when tested against the same ASR isolate panel. These three WCs can be used in MAS programs for introgression of Rpp1 and Rpp3 and the development of ASR-resistant cultivars in the breeding program.

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VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF RAINBOW CHILI (Capsicum annuum L.) IN THE TREATMENT OF PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria), PGPR-NPK FERTILIZER, AND PGPR-COMPOST COMBINATION

Agric ◽

10.24246/agric.2020.v32.i2.p95-104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

pp. 95-104

Author(s):

Jennefer Constantia ◽

Rejeki Siti Ferniah

Keyword(s):

Vegetative Growth ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Npk Fertilizer ◽

Growth Promoting ◽

Biological Fertilizer

Bolivian Rainbow Chili is one of the ornamental chili varieties which is unique in the form of its colorful fruit color. The vegetative growth of ornamental chilies requires additional nutrients and the role of microorganisms to obtain optimal growth. This study aims to determine the optimal growth of rainbow chilies using the application of PGPR biological fertilizer, a combination of PGPR biological fertilizer and NPK synthetic fertilizer, as well as a combination of PGPR biological fertilizer and compost organic fertilizer. This research was conducted with a completely randomized design (CRD). The data obtained were then analyzed by ANOVA and continued with the LSD test and Duncan’s test at the 5% test stage. The results showed that the combination treatment of PGPR and compost or PGPR and NPK provided optimal vegetative growth compared to single PGPR treatment.

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Comparative Effects of Bio-Wastes in Combination with Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria on Growth and Productivity of Okra

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy11102065 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2065

Author(s):

Hammad Anwar ◽

Xiukang Wang ◽

Azhar Hussain ◽

Muhammad Rafay ◽

Maqshoof Ahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Soil Health ◽

Organic Amendments ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽

Fruit Weight ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria with multiple growth-promoting traits play a significant role in soil to improve soil health, crop growth and yield. Recent research studies have focused on the integration of organic amendments with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) to enhance soil fertility and reduce the hazardous effects of chemical fertilizers. This study aims to evaluate the integrated application of biochar, compost, fruit and vegetable waste, and Bacillus subtilis (SMBL 1) to soil in sole application and in combined form. The study comprises eight treatments—four treatments without inoculation and four treatments with SMBL 1 inoculation in a completely randomized design (CRD), under factorial settings with four replications. The results indicate that the integrated treatments significantly improved okra growth and yield compared with sole applications. The integration of SMBL 1 with biochar showed significant improvements in plant height, root length, leaf chlorophyll a and b, leaf relative water content, fruit weight, diameter and length by 29, 29, 50, 53.3, 4.3, 44.7 and 40.4%, respectively, compared with control. Similarly, fruit N, P and K contents were improved by 33, 52.7 and 25.6% and Fe and Zn in shoot were 37.1 and 35.6%, respectively, compared with control. The results of this study reveal that the integration of SMBL 1 with organic amendments is an effective approach to the sustainable production of okra.

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Control of Fusarium Disease in Onion with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Mycorrhizae and Its Effect on Growth and Yield of Onion

Journal of Wetlands Environmental Management ◽

10.20527/jwem.v7i1.184 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Salamiah Salamiah ◽

Muhammad Anton Ciptady ◽

Chatimatun Nisa

Keyword(s):

Fusarium Wilt ◽

Combined Treatment ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽

Wilt Disease ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Mycorrhizal Inoculation ◽

Growth Promoting ◽

Inhibition Ability

The productivity of onion in Indonesia is generally low due to fusarium wilt disease. Biological controls can be applied using PGPR and Mycorrhizae. The purpose of this research was understand the interaction between PGPR and Mycorrhizal inoculation against fusarium wilt intensity as well as the growth and yield of onions. The isolation of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cepae and PGPR, followed by the tests of PGPR inhibition ability, phosphate solvent and HCN compound productivity. The method used in the field was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 replications. Results showed that the combination of PGPR and mycorrhizae as a whole was unable to suppress Fusarium wilt disease, but had significant effect to postpone the incubation period (26,19 days after inoculation) and increase the growth and yield of onion compared to the onion plants infected with Fusarium but without the combined treatment of PGPR and mycorrhizae and the PGPR treatment and mycorrhizal treatment as single treatments; the application of mycorrhizae as the single factor had a very significant effect on the number of bulbs, but had no significant effect on the inhibition of fusarium wilt intensity as well as the growth and yield of onions.

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In vivo sensitivity of Phakopsora pachyrhizi to fungicides

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20190593 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Amanda Chechi ◽

Valéria Cecília Ghissi-Mazetti ◽

Elias Zuchelli ◽

Carolina Cardoso Deuner ◽

Carlos Alberto Forcelini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soybean Rust ◽

Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽

Copper Oxychloride ◽

Toxic Activity ◽

Site Specific ◽

Fungicide Application ◽

Asian Soybean Rust ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT: Asian soybean rust is one of the most destructive diseases that can be found in this crop. It can be largely controlled by fungicide application. The objective was to assess the sensitivity of P. pachyrhizi isolates to fungicides. The tests were performed in a completely randomized design, with six replicates. The sensitivity of twelve isolates to site-specific and multisite fungicides at concentrations of 0.1; 1.0; 10.0, and 100.0 mg L-1, plus a control with absence of fungicide (0.0 mg L-1) was assessed. Soybean leaflets were immersed in the appropriate fungicide solutions, disposed in wet chambers in plastic boxes, and inoculated using each uredinia suspension of P. pachyhrizi (5.0 x 104 uredospores mL-1), separately. Boxes were incubated for 20 days at a temperature of 23°C and a 12-hour photoperiod. Next, the number of uredinia per cm2 on the abaxial face of each leaflet was evaluated. The active ingredients prothioconazole, trifloxystrobin, fluxapiroxade, trifloxystrobin + prothioconazole, trifloxystrobin + bixafen + prothioconazole, azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr, and azoxystrobin + benzovindiflupyr + diphenoconazole were highly fungitoxic for the majority of the isolates, with EC50 lower than 1.0 mg L-1. Diphenoconazole, azoxystrobin, and fenpropimorph were considered moderately fungitoxic for nine of the twelve isolates, with EC50 between 1 and 10 mg L-1. The multisites mancozeb and copper oxychloride presented EC50 responses classified as low toxic for the twelve isolates and eight for chlorothalonil (EC50 between 10 mg L-1 and 50 mg L-1). Site-specific fungicides showed high-to-moderate fungitoxicity to P. pachyrhizi isolates, even as the multisites presented moderate-to-less toxic activity.

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Identification of the soybean HyPRP family and specific gene response to Asian soybean rust disease

Genetics and Molecular Biology ◽

10.1590/s1415-47572013005000017 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 214-224 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Lauro Bücker Neto ◽

Rafael Rodrigues de Oliveira ◽

Beatriz Wiebke-Strohm ◽

Marta Bencke ◽

Ricardo Luís Mayer Weber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soybean Rust ◽

Specific Gene ◽

Rust Disease ◽

Asian Soybean Rust ◽

Gene Response

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Physics-informed deep learning characterizes morphodynamics of Asian soybean rust disease

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-021-26577-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Henry Cavanagh ◽

Andreas Mosbach ◽

Gabriel Scalliet ◽

Rob Lind ◽

Robert G. Endres

Keyword(s):

Tip Growth ◽

Soybean Rust ◽

Population Development ◽

Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽

Biophysical Modeling ◽

Top Down ◽

Rust Disease ◽

Asian Soybean Rust ◽

2D Space ◽

Shape Changes

AbstractMedicines and agricultural biocides are often discovered using large phenotypic screens across hundreds of compounds, where visible effects of whole organisms are compared to gauge efficacy and possible modes of action. However, such analysis is often limited to human-defined and static features. Here, we introduce a novel framework that can characterize shape changes (morphodynamics) for cell-drug interactions directly from images, and use it to interpret perturbed development of Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the Asian soybean rust crop pathogen. We describe population development over a 2D space of shapes (morphospace) using two models with condition-dependent parameters: a top-down Fokker-Planck model of diffusive development over Waddington-type landscapes, and a bottom-up model of tip growth. We discover a variety of landscapes, describing phenotype transitions during growth, and identify possible perturbations in the tip growth machinery that cause this variation. This demonstrates a widely-applicable integration of unsupervised learning and biophysical modeling.

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Effectiveness of Mycorrhiza, Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria and Inorganic Fertilizer on Chlorophyll Content in Glycine max (L.) cv. Detam-4 Prida

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202122600031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 226 ◽

pp. 00031

Author(s):

Muhammad Muhammad ◽

Umi Isnatin ◽

Peeyush Soni ◽

Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽

Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Effective Combination ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Glycine Max L ◽

Growth Promoting ◽

Completely Randomized Design

This study aimed to find an effective combination of mycorrhiza, PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria), and inorganic fertilizers. Whereas the specific purpose was observed in effective mycorrhiza to increased chlorophyll content. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with three factors: the 1st factor is mycorrhiza application, the 2nd factor is PGPR and the 3rd factor is the application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers. The data were analyzed with Analysis of Variance to determine the effect of the treatment being tried. Continued with the Least Significance Different test at a 95 % confidence level. The results indicated that the most effective application in increasing total chlorophyll content was (i) the ‟Commercial Mycorrhiza” without being combined with PGPR and fertilizer (TP.TR.MP:80 g mL–1). (ii) ‟Brawijaya Mycorrhiza” is combined with PGPR without fertilizer (TP.R.MB: 83 g mL–1). (iii) ‟Unida Mycorrhiza” without combined with PGPR and without fertilizer (TP.TR.MU: 80 g mL–1).

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Identification and characterization of a new soybean promoter induced by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal agent of Asian soybean rust

10.1101/2020.06.07.138586 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Lisa Cabre ◽

Stephane Peyrard ◽

Catherine Sirven ◽

Laurine Gilles ◽

Bernard Pelissier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transgenic Plants ◽

Green Fluorescence Protein ◽

Inducible Promoter ◽

Soybean Rust ◽

Limited Area ◽

Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽

Mechanical Wounding ◽

Rust Disease ◽

Asian Soybean Rust ◽

Soybean Plants

ABSTRACTBackgroundPhakopsora pachyrhizi is a biotrophic fungal pathogen responsible for the Asian soybean rust disease causing important yield losses in tropical and subtropical soybean-producing countries. P. pachyrhizi triggers important transcriptional changes in soybean plants during infection, with several hundreds of genes being either up- or downregulated.ResultsBased on published transcriptomic data, we identified a predicted chitinase gene, referred to as GmCHIT1, that was upregulated in the first hours of infection. We first confirmed this early induction and showed that this gene was expressed as early as 8 hours after P. pachyrhizi inoculation. To investigate the promoter of GmCHIT1, transgenic soybean plants expressing the green fluorescence protein (GFP) under the control of the GmCHIT1 promoter were generated. Following inoculation of these transgenic plants with P. pachyrhizi, GFP fluorescence was detected in a limited area located around appressoria, the fungal penetration structures. Fluorescence was also observed after mechanical wounding whereas no variation in fluorescence of pGmCHIT1:GFP transgenic plants was detected after a treatment with an ethylene precursor or a methyl jasmonate analogue.ConclusionWe identified a soybean chitinase promoter exhibiting an early induction by P. pachyrhizi located in the first infected soybean leaf cells. Our results on the induction of GmCHIT1 promoter by P. pachyrhizi contribute to the identification of a new pathogen inducible promoter in soybean and beyond to the development of a strategy for the Asian soybean rust disease control using biotechnological approaches.

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Identification and characterization of a new soybean promoter induced by Phakopsora pachyrhizi, the causal agent of Asian soybean rust

BMC Biotechnology ◽

10.1186/s12896-021-00684-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

L. Cabre ◽

S. Peyrard ◽

C. Sirven ◽

L. Gilles ◽

B. Pelissier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transgenic Plants ◽

Green Fluorescence Protein ◽

Inducible Promoter ◽

Soybean Rust ◽

Limited Area ◽

Phakopsora Pachyrhizi ◽

Mechanical Wounding ◽

Rust Disease ◽

Asian Soybean Rust ◽

Soybean Plants

Abstract Background Phakopsora pachyrhizi is a biotrophic fungal pathogen responsible for the Asian soybean rust disease causing important yield losses in tropical and subtropical soybean-producing countries. P. pachyrhizi triggers important transcriptional changes in soybean plants during infection, with several hundreds of genes being either up- or downregulated. Results Based on published transcriptomic data, we identified a predicted chitinase gene, referred to as GmCHIT1, that was upregulated in the first hours of infection. We first confirmed this early induction and showed that this gene was expressed as early as 8 h after P. pachyrhizi inoculation. To investigate the promoter of GmCHIT1, transgenic soybean plants expressing the green fluorescence protein (GFP) under the control of the GmCHIT1 promoter were generated. Following inoculation of these transgenic plants with P. pachyrhizi, GFP fluorescence was detected in a limited area located around appressoria, the fungal penetration structures. Fluorescence was also observed after mechanical wounding whereas no variation in fluorescence of pGmCHIT1:GFP transgenic plants was detected after a treatment with an ethylene precursor or a methyl jasmonate analogue. Conclusion We identified a soybean chitinase promoter exhibiting an early induction by P. pachyrhizi located in the first infected soybean leaf cells. Our results on the induction of GmCHIT1 promoter by P. pachyrhizi contribute to the identification of a new pathogen inducible promoter in soybean and beyond to the development of a strategy for the Asian soybean rust disease control using biotechnological approaches.

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