THE FAREWELL ADDRESS OF PROPHET MUHAMMAD: A UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS

A critical examination of the farewell address of Prophet Muhammad during his pilgrimage in the 7th century reveals that the pronouncements made therein pass messages on conducts that cuts across various sectors of human values and attitudinal characteristics. Though, the address was delivered hundreds of years before the United Nations Universal Declaration on Human Rights in 1948, but it is, however, acknowledged as a significant and valuable human rights codes ever bequeathed to mankind, in the sense that the majority of issues on human rights that are now universally celebrated and jealously guided, such as rights to life, property, dignity, freedom from discrimination, rights of the women, to mention but a few, were taken from this address. Thus, the address deserves a special examination to appreciate the rubric of thought provoking issues raised by the Prophet as they are found to inure to the advancement of human rights in the contemporary era. To this end, this paper examines the various human rights issues raised in the address with the aim of comparing it with the modern human rights declarations. The conclusion drawn from the study is that, without an in-depth understanding of the messages of this farewell address, a study of human rights in International law cannot be said to have been completed. Also, any modern study on the historical foundation of human rights declaration will be missing a significant landmark period without objective consideration and reference to this historic farewell address.

Download Full-text

HUMAN RIGHTS IMPLEMENTATION ON INDONESIAN NATIONALITY LAW

Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Keimigrasian ◽

10.52617/jikk.v1i1.14 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 76-96

Author(s):

Koesmoyo Ponco Aji

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

United Nations ◽

International Law ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Universal Declaration ◽

Universal Instrument ◽

The Republic ◽

Main Instrument ◽

Nationality Law

Since introduced with Universal Declaration at 1948 by United Nations Organization, human rights has becoming a main instrument in international law and national laws. In Indonesia, regulations concerning human rights has been legalized by Act Number 39 Year 1999. Study is needed to explosure the extend of the rules of human rights that has determined in Indonesia Laws. This journal analyze Indonesia Nationality Law based on universal instrument of human rights by descriptive analysis research. Its found that Act Number 12 Year 2006 concerning Nationality of the Republic of Indonesia has accommodate universal instrument of human rights.

Download Full-text

The Emerging International Standard on Indigenous Peoples' Rights: Issues and Implications for Mission Work in Third World Countries

Missiology An International Review ◽

10.1177/009182969602400207 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 227-245

Author(s):

Roberto M. Benedito

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

United Nations ◽

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Third World ◽

International Community ◽

Universal Declaration ◽

International Standard ◽

The Past ◽

Mission Work ◽

Rights Issues

In the past two decades, the international community, specifically the United Nations, has been focusing its attention toward a Universal Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. This article discusses the most exigent issues concerning this emerging international instrument, their history, and their probable implication for the missionary agenda. In particular, it examines the Philippine experience with regard to mission work and human rights.

Download Full-text

Equality

10.1093/oso/9780192845696.003.0006 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 161-190

Author(s):

William A. Schabas

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

Sexual Orientation ◽

United Nations ◽

International Law ◽

Indigenous Peoples ◽

Universal Declaration ◽

The United Nations ◽

The Right ◽

Distinct Field ◽

Special Protection

The right to equality and the prohibition of discrimination is normally formulated with respect to specific grounds. In the Charter of the United Nations, these are race, sex, language, and religion. The list was expanded in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, where it was also prefaced by the words ‘such as’ thereby recognising that distinctions based upon unenumerated categories might also be encompassed. These might include age, disability, and sexual orientation, for example. International law also provides special protection for children. Related to non-discrimination is the distinct field of protection of minorities, which are identifiable on the basis of ethnicity, language, and religion, and of indigenous peoples.

Download Full-text

International Law and the Death Penalty: A Toothless Tiger, or a Meaningful Force for Change

10.31228/osf.io/a79tj ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Sandra L. Babcock

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

United Nations ◽

Southeast Asia ◽

International Law ◽

Death Penalty ◽

Latin American ◽

Capital Punishment ◽

Universal Declaration ◽

General Assembly ◽

The World

Over the last several decades, the world has made great strides towards universal abolition of the death penalty. Since the Universal Declaration on Human Rights was adopted in 1948, nearly 100 countries have abolished the death penalty as a matter of law. European and Latin American nations have been on the forefront of abolitionist efforts, but anti-death-penalty sentiment is not limited to those regions; support for the death penalty is waning in Africa and Southeast Asia as well. All but one or two nations claim to no longer execute minors, and many of the world's leading executioners have greatly reduced the number of crimes for which the death penalty can be applied. The General Assembly of the United Nations has now passed four resolutions in favor of a universal moratorium on capital punishment, and each has been supported by a greater number of countries-even those that were previously considered staunch supporters of the death penalty.

Download Full-text

DIALEKTIKA KOMUNIKATIF ANTARA HAM INTERNASIONAL DAN HUKUM ISLAM

Indonesian Journal of Islamic Communication ◽

10.35719/ijic.v1i1.44 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 64-84

Author(s):

AL MUSTAANU

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

International Relations ◽

United Nations ◽

International Law ◽

Islamic Law ◽

Single Factor ◽

Muslim Countries ◽

Legal Context ◽

The Common ◽

Rights Issues

Human rights issues and Islamic world background for Mashood A. Baderin, although Islam is not a single factor in the realization of human rights in Muslim countries, but it becomes a very important factor that can be used as a means to realize the law. Islam as part of state law. The Harmonious Perspective is very helpful to use Islam as a means to realize human rights in the Muslim World in a socio-cultural and political-legal context, in order to promote and heal the common human rights. Mashood offers a narrative of the interaction between religion and international law, while it also offers an analysis of the effects that can be used to align the international field, and encourage the development of human rights. Concepts that affect every aspect of international relations and openness. This is the main purpose of the United Nations (UN). If we understand human rights as universal to protect individuals and people against violence, then the view that Islam is incompatible with human rights is due to the conversion and enhancement of human dignity in Islamic law.

Download Full-text

John Peters Humphrey: Canadian Nationalist and World Government Advocate

Canadian Yearbook of international Law/Annuaire canadien de droit international ◽

10.1017/s0069005800009358 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 305-346

Author(s):

Erin C. Roth

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

United Nations ◽

International Law ◽

Regional Differences ◽

Universal Declaration ◽

International Organization ◽

Government Structure ◽

World Government ◽

The United Nations ◽

The Individual

SummaryJohn Peters Humphrey is best known for drafting the United NationsUniversal Declaration of Human Rights, a role that, while significant, comprised only a brief period in Humphrey’s life. Prior to his time at the UN, Humphrey was an adamant Canadian nationalist who argued for a strong, united Canada. At the same time, he was highly critical of international organization and argued for a federal, world government. This apparent contrariness was also seen in his choice of employment. Supportive of world government, Humphrey viewed the UN as little more than a “defensive alliance.” Humphrey’s paradoxical views and actions are far more coherent than they first appear. It is possible to see in them a single, unifying trend: federalism. Federalism’s layered government structure has the ability to preserve regional differences and also to connect the individual to each layer of law. At the UN, Humphrey was able to make great strides in this direction, and today several international bodies receive complaints directly from individual complainants. In this way, Humphrey helped connect the individual with international law.

Download Full-text

Islamic Human Rights Discourse and Hermeneutics of Continuity

Journal of Islamic Ethics ◽

10.1163/24685542-12340031 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (1-2) ◽

pp. 180-206

Author(s):

Arnold Yasin Mol

Keyword(s):

Human Rights ◽

United Nations ◽

International Law ◽

Modern Human ◽

World War ◽

Islamic Science ◽

The United Nations ◽

Rights Discourse ◽

Human Rights Discourse

Abstract After World War II the United Nations developed new international law constructs in cooperation with the majority of the world’s nations, which were mainly based on a Western hermeneutic of rights. This international humanistic project provided new anthropological constructs which were seen as compatible or non-compatible, by Muslims or non-Muslims, with Islam. When analyzing these discussions on Islam and human rights discourse into a typology they can provide insights where compatibility and non-compatibility lies, and where possible reinterpretation is needed. Within the typology, two forms of discourses can be discerned: Islamic human rights discourse as the internal Muslim discourse on human rights and the external ‘Islam and human rights’ discourse which emerged together with the modern human rights regimes. By analyzing the different elements of what constitutes Islam and human rights discourse we can derive new understandings and strategies in how to engage a modern Islamic human rights discourse and constitute an Islamic science of human rights (ʿilm al-ḥuqūq) which provides a hermeneutics of continuity between Islam and modern human rights and overcomes both apologetics and othering.

Download Full-text