scholarly journals Sustainable Construction in Kurdish Vernacular Architecture

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-185
Author(s):  
Rebaz Khoshnaw
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Change ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
The Right ◽  
Descriptive Method

The Kurdistan region is currently undergoing rapid change and development in many ways. The economy is growing, and the population is increasing. Adopting a modern lifestyle is influencing individuals and social behavior. These factors are collectively affecting the architectural styles and construction techniques of the buildings. Abandoning the vernacular architecture has led to a loss of locality. This research outlines the characteristics and elements of Kurdish vernacular architecture in Erbil city and the villages in mountainous area; it then analyses them in terms of sustainability. A descriptive method is adopted to identify the sustainable aspects of traditional building techniques and designs. Finally, the paper concludes that with developed construction regulations, some of the designs and construction methods of traditional architecture, with the right management, can be adopted in modern buildings.

scholarly journals Circularity in the New Gravity—Re-Thinking Vernacular Architecture and Circularity

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 328
Author(s):  
Marwa Dabaieh ◽  
Dalya Maguid ◽  
Deena El-Mahdy
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Circular Economy ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Design Strategies ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Private Investors

The mounting climate change crisis and the rapid urbanization of cities have pressured many practitioners, policymakers, and even private investors to develop new policies, processes, and methods for achieving more sustainable construction methods. Buildings are considered to be among the main contributors to harmful environmental impacts, resource consumption, and waste generation. The concept of a circular economy (CE), also referred to as “circularity”, has gained a great deal of popularity in recent years. CE, in the context of the building industry, is based on the concept of sustainable construction, which calls for reducing negative environmental impacts while providing a healthier indoor environment and closing material loops. Both vernacular architecture design strategies and circular economy principles share many of the same core concepts. This paper aims at investigating circular economy principles in relation to vernacular architecture principles in the built environment. The study demonstrates how circular principles can be achieved through the use of vernacular construction techniques and using local building materials. This paper will focus on Egypt as one of the oldest civilizations in the world, with a wide vernacular heritage, exploring how circularity is rooted in old vernacular settlements and how it can inspire contemporary circular practices.

scholarly journals King Mongkut’s Political and Religious Ideologies Through Arcidtecture at Phra Nakhon Kiri

MANUSYA ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-88
Author(s):  
Somphong Amnuay-ngerntra
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Modern State ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Religious Reform ◽  
National Pride ◽  
Political Position ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
The Right

This research investigates King Mongkut’s vision of modernity as expressed through the medium of Phra Nakhon Kiri in Phetchaburi. King Mongkut used hierarchically traditional architecture as a means of bolstering national pride and legitimising claims to the right of kingship. Simultaneously, a political position of Siam as a modern state was manifested through European-Sino-Siamese hybrid architectural styles in the mid-nineteenth century. In addition, the bell-shaped pagoda style within the site complex reflected his religious reform directed at upgrading monastic practices and purifying the canon. His reformed Buddhist sect, Thammayut, is characterised as rational, intellectual, and humanistic. Such religious reform was integrated with scientific knowledge, which he had learned during his contact with Christian missionaries as a monk and later as king.

‘Vernacular’ accommodations: wordplay in contemporary-traditional architecture theory

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Richards
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Sheet Glass ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Tropical Waters ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Architecture Theory ◽  
Local Materials ◽  
Contemporary Approach

One might be forgiven for thinking that the concept of ‘vernacular’ architecture is straightforward. First, it suggests a contemporary approach to building that uses local materials and crafts, as well as the indigenous architecture of tribal peoples, such as piledwellings over tropical waters, mud houses in the desert, or animal-hide teepees on the savannah. These buildings can be distinguished easily from other types of buildings that use industrialised construction techniques and materials, such as concrete, sheet glass, plastics and steel. Second, it might suggest an alternative and more wholesome set of values towards life, the environment and aesthetics, than that represented by the out-of-town retail park or the inner-city office tower. Why bother with the word ‘vernacular’, though, let alone ‘indigenous’ or the more problematic ‘primitive’, when ‘traditional’ works well enough? Nothing could be simpler.

scholarly journals Bioclimatism through Vernacular Architecture as a Pass for New Sustainable Structure

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Abeer Samy Yousef Mohamed ◽  
Kholod Moumani
Keyword(s):  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Architectural Styles ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Local Materials

Vernacular architecture typifies a majority of constraints from places where it belongs, where the use of local materials and techniques is one of the key features. In comparison to industrially-produced materials, vernacular materials have low ecological effects, being an alternate for sustainable construction. The expanding utilization of new industrially-produced and standardized materials resulted in the homogenization of the several used construction approaches, and spawned a universal architecture that oftentimes has gone out of the environment context and it is very reliant on energy and other resources. Vernacular architecture predicated on bioclimatism concepts was developed and used through the ages by many civilizations around the world. Different civilizations have produced their own architectural styles predicated on the local conditions.This paper addresses via an analytical study to indicate the relationship between vernacular architecture, locally sourced materials and structure by relating them with bioclimatic zones. To assess the contribution of these materials for sustainability, an evaluation with industrial materials at level of environmental indicators was established. This paper highlights the advantages of using local materials and techniques as a factor of local socio-economic development.  Also, indicating different solar passive features that are available in Vernacular architecture, related to temperature control and promoting natural ventilation by using locally available materials in their construction. Through this methodology, this study will introduce a new approach Bioclimatism and Vernacular architecture as a pass for new sustainable structure.

RE-THINKING MUD HOUSE: COUNTERING THE GRADUAL SHIFT IN TRADITIONAL VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURAL PRACTICE IN NORTHERN BANGLADESH

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Nadia Monzur
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
Gradual Shift ◽  
House Construction ◽  
Construction Techniques

The diversified vernacular architecture in rural Bangladesh is the result of a constant and gradual attempt to maintain sustainability and cultural identity by using knowledge of the local environment. However, factors like natural resource scarcity and economic viability of modern construction techniques is evidently causing a rapid change in the rural landscape. A physical and questionnaire survey carried out in the area under study, namely the village Kaligram in Manda upazilla, Naogaon, revealed that, nearly sixty-percent of houses built within the last decade is concrete and brick made with little or no regards to any traditional vernacular features. Investigation of various parameters such as, mud house construction techniques, availability and preference of building materials, socio- economic changes, has revealed that the loss of precious fertile top soil, high maintenance of mud structures added with the availability and affordability of more durable materials, are some of the prime reasoning behind revising the options to brick construction. This research aims to assess the factors causing this gradual shift in the indigenous practices of mud house in the area under study and further extends onto a discussion of an alternate design approach that will exemplify a more durable, low maintenance, energy efficient yet economic building technology while acknowledging the strengths of the contextual indigenous architectural practices under debate.

Sustainable Construction Techniques

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian El khouli ◽  
Viola John ◽  
Martin Zeumer
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Construction Techniques

scholarly journals Tailings facility disclosures reveal stability risks

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Franks ◽  
Martin Stringer ◽  
Luis A. Torres-Cruz ◽  
Elaine Baker ◽  
Rick Valenta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Construction Method ◽  
Facility Management ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
Construction Methods ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Engineering Standards ◽  
The Right ◽  
Stability Issues

AbstractTailings facility failures represent a significant risk to the environment and communities globally, but until now little data was available on the global distribution of risks and characteristics of facilities to ensure proper governance. We conducted a survey and compiled a database with information on tailings facilities disclosed by extractive companies at the request of institutional investors. Despite limitations in the data, this information disclosure request represents the most comprehensive survey of tailings facilities ever undertaken. The compiled dataset includes 1743 tailings facilities and provides insights into a range of topics including construction method, stability, consequence of failure, stored volume, and the rate of uptake of alternative technologies to dewater tailings and reduce geotechnical risk. Our analysis reveals that 10 per cent of tailings facilities reported notable stability concerns or failure to be confirmed or certified as stable at some point in their history, with distinct trends according to construction method, governance, age, height, volume and seismic hazard. Controversy has surrounded the safety of tailings facilities, most notably upstream facilities, for many years but in the absence of definitive empirical data differentiating the risks of different facility types, upstream facilities have continued to be used widely by the industry and a consensus has emerged that upstream facilities can theoretically be built safely under the right circumstances. Our findings reveal that in practice active upstream facilities report a higher incidence of stability issues (18.3%) than other facility types, and that this elevated risk persists even when these facilities are built in high governance settings. In-pit/natural landform and dry-stack facilities report lower incidence of stability issues, though the rate of stability issues is significant by engineering standards (> 2 per cent) across all construction methods, highlighting the universal importance of careful facility management and governance. The insights reported here can assist the global governance of tailings facility stability risks.

La recherche appliquée: le cas du « Katholiek Sociaal Kerkelijk Instituut (KASKI) » aux Pays-Bas

1971 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adolf Holl ◽  
Hyacinthe Crépin
Keyword(s):  
Professional Competence ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
The Political ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
The People ◽  
Pastoral Planning ◽  
Senior Research ◽  
The Right

Following Vatican II changes are rapidly taking place within Dutch Catholicism — the bishops no longer make decisions in an authoritarian way: religious practice is de clining ; priests and religious are decreasing in numbers and many religious and pastoral experiments have come into being. KASKI has the responsibility of keeping pace with the Church during this process of change. In order to do this it makes use of several modes of work — the production of statistics relating to the position of religion in Society, the planning of religious and pastoral institutions and the study of new forms of the religious life in orders and congregations. For the first task it has used the same instruments for twenty- five years and the censuses thus produced yield valuable infor mation. As far as pastoral planning is concerned, it works in the field, playing the role of catalyst for those who have to make decisions and the people who have to carry out these decisions. This was the case, for instance, in the pastoral planning of the town of Eindhoven. Finally, when dealing with the new forms of communal religious life it adopts the method of studying through participation so that two of its researchers working in this sector are themselves members of religious groups. Applied research poses important problems, both from the methodological and from the political points of view. Amongst them may be noted the difficulty of determining precisely what constitutes rapid change in religious life, and the political choice of the persons for whom the research is being con ducted; the latter inevitably imposes a certain degree of conformity upon the perspectives of the work. (For example, the choice of the Dutch hierarchy which was to follow the general lines given by a large majority of Catholic opinion when it was tested particularly on questions like the liturgical and parochial changes). The fact, also, that the director of KASKI himself has a personal commitment to what may be described as the « right of centre » position in Dutch Catho licism poses problems for the work of the Institute. Political and religious radicalism is not a strong characteristic of the more senior research workers. KASKI is a rare example of a centre which brings socio logists together and uses their professional competence to accompany change in religious institutions.

Tents: a paradigm of lightness and sustainability in vernacular architecture and in Frei Otto's work

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan María Songel
Keyword(s):  
Essential Feature ◽  
Vernacular Architecture ◽  
Soap Film ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
Membrane Structures ◽  
Traditional Architecture ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Physical Form ◽  
Hanging Chain ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between vernacular architecture and Frei Otto's work, searching for shared principles and specific singularities, and testing whether lightness and sustainability can be identified as a common goal.Design/methodology/approachThe study is focused on tents and yurts, as archetypal examples of traditional architecture, and membrane structures and gridshells, as two types of light structures developed by Frei Otto. A comparative analysis of their behavior, form, elements, types, materials and strength has been carried out.FindingsThe survey carried out shows that Frei Otto's innovative tents and gridshells were not based on form imitation of vernacular architecture, but rather on a thorough understanding of physical form-generating processes, driving specific materials to optimal form, like his experiments with soap film models to generate tensioned minimal surfaces or his experiments with hanging chain net models to generate compressive antifunicular lattice shells.Originality/valueThis paper highlights how Frei Otto's endeavor to get the maximum with the minimum, to achieve a lot from a little, is also a key target of lightness and sustainability, and an essential feature of vernacular architecture.

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