scholarly journals Effect of Different Chlorine Sources on the Formation of 3-Monochloro-1,2-Propanediol and 2-Monochloro-1,3-Propanediol Fatty Acid Esters during Frying

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erzsébet Bognár ◽  
Gabriella Hellner ◽  
Andrea Radnóti ◽  
László Somogyi ◽  
Zsolt Kemény
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
High Oleic Sunflower Oil ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Frying Medium ◽  
Fat Uptake ◽  
Acid Esters

Several studies indicated that chlorine salts provoke 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol fatty acid esters (3-MCPD-FE) and 2-monochloro-1,3- propanediol fatty acid esters (2-MCPD-FE) formation in oils during frying. The amount of MCPD strongly depends on the type and the amount of chlorine salt. Food raw materials, additives themselves may contain several chlorine compounds, providing precursors for 2- and 3-MCPD-FE formation during frying. Then, the fat uptake can cause measurable concentrations in the fried food as well. This paper aims at screening chlorine compounds occurring in food industry. Influence of sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), ferric chloride (FeCl3) and ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) on the formation of MCPD-FE was investigated, mimicking frying conditions (175-180 °C, atmospheric pressure), applying high oleic sunflower oil as frying medium. 2-MCPD-FE and 3-MCPD-FE were determined by using an indirect method based on alkaline-catalyzed transesterification and GC-MS analysis. As expected, the reference sample without using any chlorine salt resulted only slight increase in 3-MCPD-FE concentration, and no increase in 2-MCPD-FE concentration. In case of the stable salts minor formation was observed. At as high as 3 % dosage of NaCl and KCl 1.6 and 2.4 mg/kg 3-MCPD-FE generated, respectively. Adding CaCl2, NH4Cl and FeCl3 resulted in very strong MCPD-FE formation by both isomers (2- and 3-MCPD-FE) in this increasing order. 0.1 % FeCl3 generated 70 mg/kg 2-MCPD-FE and 238 mg/kg 3-MCPD-FE by the end of 8-hour heating.

scholarly journals A high oleic sunflower oil fatty acid esters of plant sterols mixed with dietary diacylglycerol reduces plasma insulin and body fat accumulation in Psammomys obesus

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehud Ziv ◽  
Natan Patlas ◽  
Rony Kalman ◽  
Dori Pelled ◽  
Yael Herzog ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Psammomys Obesus ◽  
High Oleic Sunflower Oil ◽  
Fat Accumulation ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Acid Esters

scholarly journals Analysis of Enantiomeric Glycidyl Fatty Acid Esters by Chiral-phase HPLC/MS with Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization

2012 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 783-790
Author(s):  
Satoshi YOSHIOKA ◽  
Kazuhiko NISHIMURA ◽  
Takeji TAKAMURA ◽  
Masumi SUZUI ◽  
Hiroyuki TSUDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Chemical Ionization ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Chiral Phase ◽  
Pressure Chemical Ionization ◽  
Pressure Chemical ◽  
Glycidyl Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Acid Esters

scholarly journals FORMATION OF 3-MONOCHLORO-1,2-PROPANEDIOL FATTY ACID ESTERS DURING DEEP-FAT FRYING OF PRE-FRIED DEEP FROZEN FOOD WITH DIFFERENT SALT CONTENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
E. Keppelné Bognár ◽  
K. Zay ◽  
L. Somogyi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Oil Quality ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Chicken Liver ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Deep Fat Frying ◽  
Quality Factors ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
High Oleic Sunflower Oil ◽  
Acid Esters

Changes of edible oil quality factors and formation of 3-monochloro-1,2-propanediol fatty acid esters (3-MCPD-FE) during deep-fat frying in four different experiments (control, salt, pork chop, and chicken liver) with high oleic sunflower oil were compared in this study. Based on the results of investigated oil quality parameters, which were free fatty acid (FFA), anisidine value (AV), UV extinction at 232 and 268 nm (E232 and E268, respectively), and total polar material (TPM), only a modest deterioration of the frying oil was observed. As we expected, the 3-MCPD-FE content in the control samples did not reach the limit of quantification (0.1 mg kg–1), while the table salt itself caused a slight increase. The results of pork chop and chicken liver experiments were not statistically different from each other, after the third frying circle 0.52 and 0.39 mg kg–1 3-MCPD-FE levels were reached, respectively. Based on these values, the human exposure estimation resulted in a low risk.

scholarly journals ON INTEGRATION OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES AND PRODUCTION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 125-134
Author(s):  
Mikhail S. Temnov ◽  
Yana V. Ustinskaya ◽  
Maria A. Yeskova ◽  
Stanislav I. Dvoretsky ◽  
Dmitriy S. Dvoretsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Solubility Parameters ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Acid Esters

The work is devoted to the study of technological processes corresponding to the requirements of the developing closed-loop economy, which will be based on the wide use of renewable resources, maximum recycling of secondary raw materials, with the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources as one of the objectives. A study of the possibility of producing fatty acid esters from renewable raw materials of plant origin - microalgae Chlorella vulgaris - with the use of municipal wastewater was carried out. Approaches to the development of technologies of fatty acid esters production and promising ways to improve the key stages of such production are considered. It is shown that under certain conditions (temperature of 10-32 °С, illumination of 7-14 klx) municipal wastewater can be treated and at the same time serve as a nutrient medium in the process of cultivation of microalgae biomass with lipid content of 10-18% of dry matter. Depending on the conditions of cultivation, the cells of the Chlorella vulgaris IPPAS C-2 strain of microalgae reduce the concentration of ammonium cations, phosphate anions and total microbial number in municipal wastewater by 93 - 95% (wt.), 90 - 97% (wt.) and 86 - 95%, respectively. The influence of technological conditions of the process on the biomass growth rate and fatty acid composition of accumulated lipids is analyzed. It is experimentally established that triglycerides, O-dialkylmonoglycerides and fatty acids have the greatest inhibiting effect on the microflora of wastewater. Using Hansen solubility parameters, a system of polar and non-polar solvents consisting of ethanol and petroleum ether in the ratio of 1:2 (vol). was selected, which ensures the efficient conduct of the extraction process. The yield of fatty acid esters of КFAE = 45% was obtained in the course of transesterification reaction with the use of ethanol in the ratio with lipids 6:1 (mole) at the reaction temperature of 60 °C in the presence of an alkaline catalyst - sodium hydroxide (3% of the mass of lipids).

Development of the determination methods of fatty acid esters of chloropropanediols in fat-rich foods

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Xiaobo YAN ◽  
Shaoming WU ◽  
Nan LI ◽  
Huadong LV ◽  
Wusheng FU
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Determination Methods ◽  
Acid Esters

Mesomorphic Behaviour of Saturated and Monounsaturated C18 and C22 Fatty Acid Esters of Cholesterol

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 833-840
Author(s):  
Slavomír Pirkl
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transitions ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Aliphatic Esters ◽  
Acid Esters

The phase transitions and effective optical rotary power of saturated and monounsaturated aliphatic esters of cholesterol with 18 and 22 carbon atoms in the chain have been described. The effect of cis/trans isomerism on these properties is discussed.

The occurrence of long chain polyprenols in leaves of plants of Rosaceae family and their isolation by time-extended liquid chromatography

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 448-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Świeżewska ◽  
T. Chojnacki ◽  
W. J. Jankowski ◽  
K. Singh ◽  
J. Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Large Scale Preparation ◽  
Scale Preparation ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Rosaceae Family ◽  
Acid Esters ◽  
Long Chain

The long chain polyprenols composed of 30 and more isoprene units from leaves of plants belonging to the genera Potentilla and Rosa have been described. They occur in the form of fatty acid esters. The composition of polyprenol mixture was species dependent and its content reached ca. 0.5% wet weight. Large scale preparation of individual polyprenols from a natural polyprenol mixture was performed using time-extended liquid chromatography on the hydrophobic gel Lipidex-5000.Key words: long chain polyprenols, Rosaceae.

Separation of Fatty Acid Dimethyl Esters on an Ionic Liquid Gas Chromatographic Column

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R E Pauls ◽  
B Pease
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Fatty Acid Esters ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Isomer Separation ◽  
Metathesis Reaction ◽  
Polydimethyl Siloxane ◽  
Acid Esters

Abstract An ionic liquid (IL) 111 column was compared with other commonly employed stationary phases including polydimethyl siloxane and polyethylene glycol for the separation of fatty acid monomethyl and dimethyl esters. The fatty acid esters employed in this study were derived from metathesis reactions of vegetable oils both with and without olefins. The IL 111 column demonstrated enhanced performance compared with conventional columns for the separation of these esters. These advantages included significantly enhanced retention of dimethyl esters relative to monomethyl esters, excellent cis/trans isomer separation and the ability to analyze higher carbon number dimethyl esters. As a result, these columns are highly suited for the analysis of mixtures of mono- and dimethyl fatty acid esters found in lipid metathesis reaction products or to determine monofunctional impurities in samples of commercial dimethyl esters.

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