scholarly journals Fast Prototype Framework for Deep Reinforcement Learning-based Trajectory Planner

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-312
Author(s):  
Árpád Fehér ◽  
Szilárd Aradi ◽  
Tamás Bécsi
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Real World ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
Simulation Validation ◽  
Training Approach ◽  
Resource Requirements ◽  
Insight Into

Reinforcement Learning, as one of the main approaches of machine learning, has been gaining high popularity in recent years, which also affects the vehicle industry and research focusing on automated driving. However, these techniques, due to their self-training approach, have high computational resource requirements. Their development can be separated into training with simulation, validation through vehicle dynamics software, and real-world tests. However, ensuring portability of the designed algorithms between these levels is difficult. A case study is also given to provide better insight into the development process, in which an online trajectory planner is trained and evaluated in both vehicle simulation and real-world environments.

scholarly journals TOOLS FOR RECORDING PROTOTYPING ACTIVITIES AND QUANTIFYING CORRESPONDING DOCUMENTATION IN THE EARLY STAGES OF PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 3159-3168
Author(s):  
Sohail Ahmed Soomro ◽  
Yazan A M Barhoush ◽  
Zhengya Gong ◽  
Panos Kostakos ◽  
Georgi V. Georgiev
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Design Education ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Digital Fabrication ◽  
Prototype Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Creative Solutions ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractPrototyping is an essential activity in the early stages of product development. This activity can provide insight into the learning process that takes place during the implementation of an idea. It can also help to improve the design of a product. This information and the process are useful in design education as they can be used to enhance students' ability to prototype their ideas and develop creative solutions. To observe the activity of prototype development, we conducted a study on students participating in a 7-week course: Principles of Digital Fabrication. During the course, eight teams made prototypes and shared their weekly developments via internet blog posts. The posts contained prototype pictures, descriptions of their ideas, and reflections on activities. The blog documentation of the prototypes developed by the students was done without the researchers' intervention, providing essential data or research. Based on a review of other methods of capturing the prototype development process, we compare existing documentation tools with the method used in the case study and outline the practices and tools related to the effective documentation of prototyping activity.

Introducing and Promoting Human Factors in the Real World: A Case Study

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 732-735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Rich
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Real World ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Organizational Context ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Systems Development ◽  
The Real ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Human Factors Research

The application of human factors research outside academic and vendor domains has been limited, with corporate systems development departments often unaware of the field. Introducing human factors within a corporation requires addressing organizational context issues in the particular setting. At Chemical Bank a pilot project was conducted to introduce and promote the application of human factors in the design of interactive computer systems. The project involved comparative usability evaluations of existing systems, and development of recommendations for institutionalizing human factors within the development process. The project sought to tailor recommendations to the organizational context. This paper discusses the Chemical Bank project and presents an analysis of the underlying causes limiting the use of human factors techniques in that organization.

Challenges in Designing Mechatronic Systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 135 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Mørkeberg Torry-Smith ◽  
Ahsan Qamar ◽  
Sofiane Achiche ◽  
Jan Wikander ◽  
Niels Henrik Mortensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Real World ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Mechatronic Systems ◽  
Design Task ◽  
Multiple Domains

Development of mechatronic products is traditionally carried out by several design experts from different design domains. Performing development of mechatronic products is thus greatly challenging. In order to tackle this, the critical challenges in mechatronics have to be well understood and well supported through applicable methods and tools. This paper aims at identifying the major challenges, by conducting a systematic and thorough survey of the most relevant research work in mechatronic design. Solutions proposed in literature are assessed and illustrated through a case study in order to investigate if the challenges can be handled appropriately by the methods, tools, and mindsets suggested by the mechatronic community. Using a real-world mechatronics case, the paper identifies the areas where further research is required, by showing a clear connection between the actual problems faced during the design task and the nature of the solutions currently available. From the results obtained from this research, one can conclude that although various attempts have been developed to support conceptual design of mechatronics, these attempts are still not sufficient to help in assessing the consequences of selecting between alternative conceptual solutions across multiple domains. We believe that a common language is essential in developing mechatronics, and should be evaluated based on: its capability to represent the desired views effectively, its potential to be understood by engineers from the various domains, and its effect on the efficiency of the development process.

scholarly journals Investigation of a Process to Eco-Design LED Lighting Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4512
Author(s):  
Jose L. Casamayor ◽  
Daizhong Su
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Led Lighting ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Development Processes

To date, many studies have been carried out to develop new approaches and methods to eco-design products. However, these have not been implemented and adopted by industry as much as they should. A better understanding of real-world industrial eco-design and development processes, and the eco-design tools applied during these, could inform the development of more effective and applicable eco-design methods and tools, for generic as well as for specific product categories (e.g., LED lighting products). This paper addresses this issue by describing and examining a real-world process followed to design and develop a LED lighting product by a lighting manufacturer, via case study research. The case study involved direct participatory observation to gather the data and provided new insights about the stages of the design and development process, as well as the tools applied, which were examined and discussed to inform the improvement of existing methods and tools, or the development of better new methods and tools.

A simulation-based case study for powertrain efficiency improvement by automated driving functions

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (5) ◽  
pp. 1320-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Plum ◽  
Marius Wegener ◽  
Markus Eisenbarth ◽  
Ziqi Ye ◽  
Konstantin Etzold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Traffic Light ◽  
Automated Driving ◽  
Virtual Testing ◽  
Vehicle Simulation ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Testing Environments

An increasing level of driving automation and a successive electrification of modern powertrains enable a higher degree of freedom to improve vehicle fuel efficiency and reduce pollutant emissions. Currently, both domains themselves, driving automation as well as powertrain electrification, face the challenge of a rising development complexity with extensive use of virtual testing environments. However, state-of-the-art virtual testing environments typically strictly focus on just one domain and neglect the other. This paper shows the results of a simulation-based case study considering both domains simultaneously. The influence of energy saving automated functionalities on a conventional, a hybrid, and a pure electric powertrain is investigated for a carefully selected inner-city driving scenario. The vehicle simulation models for the different powertrain configurations are calibrated using test bench results and vehicle measurements. A model predictive acceleration controller is developed for realizing the speed optimization function. By considering traffic conditions such as traffic light schedules and a preceding vehicle as the boundary conditions, unnecessary accelerations and decelerations are avoided to reduce the energy demand. The case study is realized by applying this function to the three powertrains variants. As a final result, a clear difference in energy demand is observed: the hybrid powertrain benefits the most in terms of energy demand reduction in the given use case. The results clearly underscore that in future vehicle development programs, the powertrain and the real-world driving functionalities have to be optimized simultaneously to minimize the energy demand during everyday vehicle operation.

Perceptions of regular and special education teachers of their own and their co-teacher’s instructional responsibilities in inclusive education: A case study

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanja Lindacher
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Inclusive Education ◽  
Special Education Teachers ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Community Schools ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Insight Into

Co-teaching is fundamental to inclusive education. However, the way co-teaching is implemented, varies considerably, and establishing and allocating instructional responsibilities does not follow a standardized pattern. This study is based on four cases – two located at traditional secondary schools and two at newly created community schools – and includes semi-structured in-depth interviews with four regular teachers and four special education teachers. It aims at providing insight into how co-teaching partners in Germany perceive their own and their partner’s instructional responsibilities. Data are analyzed with a structuring technique of qualitative content analysis. It becomes evident that the partners in each case do not always follow identical instructional intents. Nonetheless, different types of teacher knowledge seem to complement each other effectively in co-teaching relationships. Although, of course provided primarily for pupils with special needs, special education expertise also seems to support pupils without such needs. The results indicate a need to secure and integrate co-teaching relationships structurally into a school’s development process. The article concludes with some options for development in practice.

scholarly journals Overcoming the Blockchain Oracle Problem in the Traceability of Non-Fungible Products

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 2391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio Caldarelli ◽  
Cecilia Rossignoli ◽  
Alessandro Zardini
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Real World ◽  
The Real ◽  
Theoretical Literature ◽  
Knowledge Infrastructure ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Made In

Blockchain implications within the sustainability domain are rapidly arousing the interest of researchers and institutions. However, despite the avalanche of articles, papers, and recently published books, innovation in the blockchain domain is still heavily influenced by light literature, such as news, articles, opinion posts, and white papers. Lacking a homogeneous literature background, case studies often fall into storytelling, providing mere descriptions of the facts according to the writers’ impressions and opinions. We therefore investigate blockchain adoption for sustainable purposes through a case study while remaining firmly grounded in three main theoretical literature streams: knowledge management, knowledge infrastructure, and trust. Since blockchain interaction with the real world is managed by oracles, addressing the oracle problem is essential in order to evaluate the effectiveness of blockchain for sustainability issues. However, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no other paper has efficiently addressed this subject or even mentioned it. Recognizing its scarce consideration in the literature, the oracle problem will be analyzed in both theoretical and practical terms, thereby providing a way to solve the issues related to non-fungible products in the supply chain. Choice over the selected case study was made in light of the divergence in motives for the adoption of blockchain (economic over social), which makes the results more inferable at a broader scale and offers an insight into how sustainable innovations can also be economically viable.

Mechatronic Design - Still a Considerable Challenge

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Mo̸rkeberg Torry-Smith ◽  
Sofiane Achiche ◽  
Niels Henrik Mortensen ◽  
Ahsan Qamar ◽  
Jan Wikander ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Design ◽  
Real World ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Common Language ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Design Task ◽  
Mechatronic Design ◽  
Multiple Domains

Development of mechatronic products is traditionally carried out by several design experts from different design domains. Performing development of mechatronic products is thus greatly challenging. In order to tackle this, the critical challenges in mechatronics have to be well understood and well supported through applicable methods and tools. This paper aims at identifying the major challenges, by conducting a survey of the most relevant research work in mechatronic design. Solutions proposed in literature are assessed and illustrated through a case study in order to investigate, if the challenges can be handled appropriately by the methods, tools, and mindsets suggested by the mechatronic community. Using a real world mechatronics case, the paper identifies the areas where further research is required, by showing a clear connection between the actual problems faced during the design task, and the nature of the solutions currently available. From the results obtained from this research, one can conclude that although various attempts have been developed to support conceptual design of mechatronics, these attempts are still not sufficient to help in assessing the consequences of selecting between alternative conceptual solutions across multiple domains. We believe that a common language is essential in developing mechatronics, and should be evaluated based on: its capability to represent the desired views effectively, its potential to be understood by engineers from the various domains, and its effect on the efficiency of the development process.

scholarly journals The role of real-world data in the development of treatment guidelines: a case study on guideline developers’ opinions about using observational data on antibiotic prescribing in primary care

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Steels ◽  
Tjeerd Pieter van Staa
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Observational Data ◽  
Real World ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Guideline Development ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Guideline Development Process

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a prominent threat to public health. Although many guidelines have been developed over the years to tackle this issue, their impact on health care practice varies. Guidelines are often based on evidence from clinical trials, but these have limitations, particularly in the breadth and generalisability of the evidence and evaluation of the guidelines’ uptake. The aim of this study was to investigate how national and local guidelines for managing common infections are developed and explore guideline committee members’ opinions about using real-world observational evidence in the guideline development process. Methods Six semi-structured interviews were completed with participants who had contributed to the development or adjustment of national or local guidelines on antimicrobial prescribing over the past 5 years (from the English National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)). Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data was analysed thematically. This also included review of policy documents including guidelines, reports and minutes of guideline development group meetings that were available to the public. Results Three key themes emerged through our analysis: perception versus actual guideline development process, using other types of evidence in the guideline development process, and guidelines are not enough to change antibiotic prescribing behaviour. In addition, our study was able to provide some insight between the documented and actual guideline development process within NICE, as well as how local guidelines are developed, including differences in types of evidence used. Conclusions This case study indicates that there is the potential for a wider range of evidence to be included as part of the guideline development process at both the national and local levels. There was a general agreement that the inclusion of observational data would be appropriate in enhancing the guideline development process, as well providing a potential solution for monitoring guideline use in clinical practice, and improving the implementation of treatment guidelines in primary care.

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