scholarly journals Institutional determinism of the execution of transactions within the company

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-41
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz J. Derkacz
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
The Other ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
A Company

Modern companies, operating in a dynamically changing environment, are subject to the permanent determinism of the institution. On the other hand, companies are more and more often perceived as complex networks of interpersonal relations in often dispersed organizational structures. Rela- tionships seem to play the role of a link between human activities. The latter, being dependent on the level of his/her opportunism, limited rationality, uncertainty and defined costs of transaction execution within the company, take actions consistent with the company's goal. Man-made activ- ities seem to be more and more often characterised by market transactions concluded within the frames of a company. The whole mechanism of company functioning cohabits under the influence of institutional determinism.Such a context of social and economic reality observed within the frame of the company has become a contribution to the emergence of the question which inspires the author's scientific work within the scope of the new institutional economics. What are the reasons for the existence of various forms of transaction organization and ways of their implementation within the company? The following article is an attempt to answer such a question in the context of the theory of institutions. The presented considerations, through the theoretical meanders of neo-institutionalism, ultimately lead to the localization of institutional determinism, which shapes the way transactions are carried out within the company.

scholarly journals Opportunism in Corporate Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (345) ◽  
pp. 75-91
Author(s):  
Stanislaw Rudolf
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Corporate Management ◽  
Asymmetry Of Information ◽  
Management Board ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Communist Countries ◽  
A Company

A growing interest in the phenomenon of economic opportunism can be mainly explained by new institutional economics (NIE). It has changed the limitation of that phenomenon into the main method of increasing the efficiency of business entities. Opportunistic attitudes and behaviour can be particularly observed in a business entity. A tendency towards opportunism should be considered both while entering contracts and while developing a strategy for a company. The article is aimed at presenting the essence of opportunism and at defining its place in new institutional economics. It is also aimed at identifying opportunistic attitudes in corporate operation and at indicating the ways to limit such attitudes. While analysing the role of opportunism in corporate management, the main focus shall be set on opportunistic interdependencies in corporate governance. Opportunistic attitudes may be presented not only by the management board of a company but also by its other stakeholders. They may use incompleteness of agreements that have been entered into or asymmetry of information in order to increase their gain at the expense of others. The article provides a more detailed analysis of opportunistic attitudes presented by employee organisations in highly developed countries as well as in post‑communist countries, where opportunism is manifested in demanding attitudes or in protection of monopolist positions.

scholarly journals STYGMAT CYPRIANA NORWIDA Z PERSPEKTYWY FILOZOFII DIALOGU EMMANUELA LEvINASA

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Kosmala
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Place ◽  
Philosophy Of Dialogue

Cyprian Norwid’s Stygmat from the perspective of Emmanuel Levinas’s philosophy of dialogueThis study is an attempt to read Cyprian Norwids Stygmat anew, employing a deepened perspective that comes from Emmanuel Levinas’s philosophy of dialogue. First, the author points to the convergence of the poet’s and the philosopher’s views, especially when it comes to the special place occu- pied by the man, interpersonal relations, and effort. While reconstructing the plot of the novella, the author analyzes relationship between principal characters - Oskar and Róża, and Oskar and the Narrator; he pays atten- tion to the issue of effort and openness towards the other person in forging a relationship. Using Levinas’s terminology, the author describes Oskar’s condition - separation and disintegration of his identity - which made it impossible for him to carry the burden of responsibility for the encounter with the other person. This applies to the Narrator as well; he does not fulfill the role of the confidant - as selected for the role by Oskar - nor does he find fulfilment as a writer. The Narrator remains a passive observer of the events, which his conversation with Redaktor testifies to. As far as the ending of the novella is concerned the author turns to irony (very characteristic of Norwid) and the difficulty in distinguishing between moments in which the poet expresses serious and true statements and those with ironic flair.

Institutions

2019 ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Stefan Voigt
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Transformation Property ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Political Transformation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Transformation Processes

This chapter offers a look at transformation processes from the perspective of the new institutional economics (NIE). It briefly describes the main pillars of this research area, including its assumptions, the definition of institutions, and their interplay. It is shown that the NIE can contribute to explaining the outcome of transformation processes by pointing at the different institutions relied upon during transition. In the section surveying the large literature on institutions and transition, special focus is laid on the role of constitutions for political transformation, property rights for economic transformation, and internal or informal institutions as institutions largely exempt from deliberate transformation which can, hence, constitute an important constraint in transformation processes. The chapter concludes by pointing out some research gaps.

Transformation of the State and Political Economy of the Governance

2020 ◽  
pp. 239-257
Author(s):  
Emek Yıldırım
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
The State ◽  
State Model ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Role Of The State

By the 1980s and 1990s, neoliberal policies such as privatizations and deregulations transforming the minimal state model to regulative state model from the Keynesian social welfare state system made some structural and functional changes in the state mechanism, and the public administration has been in the first place due to the changing relationship between the state and the market. In fact, within this context, the new institutional economics (NIE) had a remarkable influence upon the debates upon the altering role of the state. Hence, the transformation of the state in this regard also revealed the argumentations on the governance paradigm along with the doctrinaire contributions of the new institutional economics. Therefore, this chapter will discuss the transformation of the state and the political economy of the governance together with a critical assessment of the new institutional economics in the public administration.

Re-Thinking the Role of Institutions in Neoliberalism From New Institutional Economics Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Ilke Civelekoglu ◽  
Basak Ozoral
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
The Political ◽  
Formal Institutions ◽  
Fertile Ground

In an attempt to discuss neoliberalism with a reference to new institutional economics, this chapter problematizes the role of formal institutions in the neoliberal age by focusing on a specific type of formal institution, namely property rights in developing countries. New institutional economics (NIE) argues that secure property rights are important as they guarantee investments and thus, promote economic growth. This chapter discusses why the protection of property rights is weak and ineffective in certain developing countries despite their endorsement of neoliberalism by shedding light on the link between the institutional structure of the state and neoliberalism in the developing world. With the political economy perspective, the chapter aims to build a bridge between NIE and political economy, and thereby providing fertile ground for the advancement of NIE.

PASSENGER LOGISTICS CENTERS PRESENTNESS AND FUTURE

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (0) ◽  
pp. 73-93
Author(s):  
Bartłomiej Buczek
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Logistics System ◽  
Future Role ◽  
Railway Infrastructure ◽  
Economic Reality ◽  
Logistic Functions ◽  
Scientific Achievements

This article is dedicated to the role of passenger logistics centers in passenger logistics support systems. Presentations were made through the prism of defining the role of passenger logistics support systems. In today’s conceived economic reality, the rules of logistics also apply to everyday human activities. People have to meet their needs and move around. In this perspective, man becomes a resource. There must therefore be passenger logistics support systems, the key elements of which are passenger logistics centers. They fulfill the key logistic functions and enable the achievement of the logistics objectives (5 “W”). The article attempts to describe the present and future role of passenger logistics centers. Information on these centers has been collected, based on scientific achievements of specialists in this field (including M. Chaberek), on railway infrastructure managers and on the author’s experience. Finally, conclusions were drawn, in which direction should be assessed both passenger logistics support systems and, above all, passenger logistics centers. An attempt was also made to determine the postulated future role of passenger logistics centers in the logistics system of the country.

Ronald Coase's impact on economics

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARY M. SHIRLEY ◽  
NING WANG ◽  
CLAUDE MÉNARD
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Social Cost ◽  
Law And Economics ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Careful Study ◽  
Empirical Reality ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Institutional Issues ◽  
Rapid Transformation

AbstractRonald Coase had a profound impact on scholarship worldwide, and not for his ideas alone. Coase's ideas about transaction costs, the nature of the firm, the role of government, and the problem of social cost have been hugely influential. Throughout his long life, he also worked to change the conduct of economics, urging economists to ground their conclusions in careful study of empirical reality rather than theories that work only on the blackboard. Less well known, perhaps, is his work to nurture and shape the emerging fields of law and economics and new institutional economics, or his support to young scholars studying institutional issues around the world. In his final years, he was preoccupied by the rapid transformation of China and the institutional structure of production. This article summarizes Coase's significant intellectual contributions to economics, pointing out along the way some of the traits that made him such a powerful thinker and exceptionally influential scholar.

scholarly journals Creating Values for Sustainability: Stakeholders Engagement, Incentive Alignment, and Value Currency

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank T. Lorne ◽  
Petra Dilling
Keyword(s):  
Value Creation ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
New Institutional Economics ◽  
Incentive Alignment ◽  
Economic Role ◽  
Shareholder Theory ◽  
The Difference

A shareholder theory of firm and a stakeholder theory of firm may differ in their respective evaluation method of firm performance. Both theories however recognize the importance of value creation as the economic role of firms as institutions. The New Institutional Economics (NIE) emphasizes incentives alignment, while also viewing stakeholder engagements as methods to expand the boundaries of firms. The difference in performance evaluation between the two approaches can be reduced if stakeholders, while formulating incentive alignment, also evaluate the mechanisms of establishing a common currency value. The concomitant development of stakeholder engagement, incentive alignment, and value currency creation is argued to be an evolutionary process with the efficiency implications of the two theories tending to converge.

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