scholarly journals Historyczne podziały Europy a społeczno-gospodarcze uwarunkowania postaw kulturowych wobec bankowości w Polsce

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-63
Author(s):  
Lech Kurkliński
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Roman Empire ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Foreign Capital ◽  
Cultural Factors ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
World War ◽  
Second World

This paper is devoted to the presentation of the significance of the historicaldivisions in Europe for the formation of the socio-economic conditions for thedevelopment of the banking sector in Poland. The paper presents four main divisionsrelated to the functioning of the Roman Empire and Barbaricum, Latin andByzantine Europe, the dualism of the economic development of Europe fromthe sixteenth century and the creation of the capitalist and socialist blocks afterthe Second World War, and their relations to the position of Poland. Historicaloverview is juxtaposed with the current shape of the Polish banking sector, andespecially the dominance of banks controlled by foreign capital. This confrontationis primarily intended to indicate the importance of cultural factors for thedevelopment of the banking sector.

scholarly journals Populacijski razvoj Zadra

Geoadria ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
Vera Graovac
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
World War ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Continuous Population ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town ◽  
Second World

Zadar is one of the cities with longest urban tradition and continuous population in Croatia. This article deals with the number of inhabitants in Zadar throughout the history, particularly from 15th century on, when first censuses were taken. Until the second half of 20th century, the population growth was slow and depended mostly on numerous wars, economic conditions, epidemics and famines that caused massive death and migrations of the population within the city and in its surroundings. It was only after the Second World War that population growth was rapid, due to industrialization and stronger economic development of the town. 

scholarly journals Changing Work Patterns of the Skolt Sámi

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57
Author(s):  
Panu Itkonen
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Social Constructions ◽  
Reindeer Herding ◽  
World War ◽  
Work Patterns ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Second World

Abstract This article explores changing work patterns in the Skolt Sámi reindeer herding community of Sevettijärvi, northern Finland. As a result of the Second World War, Finland lost the original home territory of the Skolt Sámi to the Soviet Union. The Skolt Sámi of the old Suenjel village moved to the Sevettijärvi area in Finland. In this article I present major changes in three areas of this group’s work patterns: 1) combinations of livelihood; 2) forms of cooperation and reciprocity; 3) social constructions of work situations. The main causes of cultural change in the rein-deer herding community have been the mechanisation of reindeer herding and the centralisation of reindeer ownership. In anthropological studies, traditional forms of behaviour have at times been seen as obstacles to economic development. My argument is different: traditional forms of culture – in this case forms of reciprocity – can increase possibilities for economic development. The research data shows that the centralisation of reindeer ownership has decreased the possibilities for economic development in additional forms of livelihood among Skolt Sámi reindeer herders. The number of herders has decreased and the entrepreneurial collaboration is arranged so that there is less and less traditional reciprocity between separate households.

Land Allotment Patterns and Urban Features in Post-Second World War Athens

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 43-66
Author(s):  
Emmanuel V. Marmaras ◽  
Athena Wallace
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
World War ◽  
The Road ◽  
Incremental Planning ◽  
Second World ◽  
Ownership Patterns

The paper deals with the formation of the urban space, analyzing the land ownership patterns in relation first to the socio-economic conditions of the owners, second to the applied building regulations, third to the urban features and the road network, and fourth to the housing conditions.A complex co-relation of the above parameters is the outcome of this research work, which illuminates the real conditions created by the specific post-Second World War conditions in the basin of Athens. For the support of this research, special measurements have been undertaken concerning the geometric characteristics of the urban space in a suitable number of sample areas in the above basin, comprising planned areas, as well unplanned squatter areas. This kind of approach aims toward the formation of realistic scenarios in analogous cases, according to the theory of incremental planning suggested by Charles E. Lindblom.

G77+CHINA AND GLOBAL GOVERNANCE OF TRADE AND DEVELOPMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-26
Author(s):  
Samuel Oloruntoba
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Global Governance ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
World War ◽  
Trade Finance ◽  
Global North ◽  
North And South ◽  
Second World ◽  
Governance Architecture

 The global governance of trade remains a very contentious issue between the global North and South. Despite the dominant notion that international trade can facilitate economic development, there are concerns that the global North, represented by Euro-American countries have to a certain extent, set the global trade rules in a way that favours their socio-economic development at the expense of the majority of the countries in the global South. The upstart advantage that Europe had in technological advancement provided an impetus for exploration and subsequent conquest of distant lands and peoples. These were done through interrelated events such as the slave trade, imperialism, colonialism and neo-colonialism. The global economic governance architecture that followed the Second World War in forms of rules that governed conduct of trade, finance and investment, was tilted in favour of the advanced countries. It was in the context of resistance to this unequal global economic structure that the G 77+China was formed in June 1964. This article interrogates the role, successes and limitations of this group of countries in shaping the global governance of trade.

Fascist Samurais: the Japanese race in the Italian imaginary during the Second World War and beyond

Modern Italy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-77
Author(s):  
Michele Monserrati
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
World War I ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Italian Fascism ◽  
Transnational Actors ◽  
Racial Policy ◽  
Common Effort ◽  
Second World

Between 1938 and 1943, Fascist intellectuals debated the problem of how to create a racial policy that would encompass the Japanese within the Aryan doctrine. This article demonstrates how internal divisions in the Fascist party over racial issues generated alternative versions of pro-Japanese propaganda, which influenced the racial thinking of the Italian far-right even long after the Second World War. I show how Italian racial theories developed to underpin the alliance with Japan were transnational in scope, as they involved both German and Italian scholars in a common effort to lobby state racial policies. Specifically, I consider George Montandon and Julius Evola as two transnational actors engaged in building a case for the inclusion of the Japanese in the family of Aryan races, speaking either from a ‘biological’ or ‘spiritual’ perspective. While by the end of the Second World War the ‘biological’ thesis for the inclusion of the Japanese race had evaporated, the ‘spiritual’ thesis would continue to influence a generation of Italian far-right militants, especially during the ‘Years of Lead’. To make sense of this legacy, I suggest that the foundational myth of Italian Fascism, based on the spiritual heritage of the multiethnic Roman empire, responded to the neofascist quest for transnational affiliations against Western materialism.

Progress in the Theory of Economic Progress

1957 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibor Scitovsky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Karl Marx ◽  
Max Weber ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Business Fluctuations ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Important Center ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Second World

The problem of economic development was among the main preoccupations of the classical economists; and Karl Marx, Max Weber, and their followers continued to be interested in it. The Anglo-Saxon economists and their followers, however, during the century preceding the Second World War, all but forgot about economic development—perhaps because they took it for granted. The growth of most of the advanced economies was impressive enough to be taken for granted; as for the underdeveloped areas, next to nothing was known about their rates of growth, although economists (at least in the advanced countries) seem to have supposed that the magnitude of capital exports to these areas gave them a chance to develop even faster than, and ultimately to catch up with, the more highly developed Western economies. Only England's development received some attention and mild doubts were occasionally raised as to whether her rate of economic growth was as fast as it could and should have been. From the turn of the century onward, blue books and white papers appeared, uneasily comparing British with German and American industrial production, questioning the wisdom of exporting quite so much capital, stressing the need for more aggressive export drives—but next to nothing was done about all this. For one thing, the philosophy of laisser faire still ruled supreme; for another, business fluctuations obscured and rendered difficult a true assessment of the situation; for a third, Britain's continued political supremacy may have lulled concern over the deterioration of her relative economic position. The problem of development came to the forefront of economic discussion only with the Second World War, as a result of two important changes. In the West, political power shifted across the Atlantic; in the East, Russia's war record established her both as an important center of political attraction and as a shining example of the success of planned industrialization and development.

Contemporary Slovene Literature

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Janko Kos
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Central European ◽  
Political Position ◽  
Slovene Language ◽  
National Ideology ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
Second World

Contemporary Slovene literature from 1950 to the present has been deeply influenced, above all, by two major factors: first, its own tradition through a century-long development, and secondly, the socio-political position of literature immediately after the Second World War. As concerns tradition, it should be noted that the beginning of literature in the Slovene language coincided with the arrival of Protestantism in the sixteenth century; only sparse religious records are known from previous centuries. This literature remained within the framework of ecclesiastical needs until the late eighteenth century, similar to those found in Lithuania, Estonia or Finland. At the end of the eighteenth century, Slovene literature began to resemble the Central European literature typical of Croatia, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Poland. This is not only evident in the same literary trends and genres, but above all in the fact that national ideology as well as social and moral ideas acquired a significant role in its concepts.

scholarly journals Stanisław Kryński – przyczynek do biografii

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
Michał Lewandowski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Roman Empire ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
English Poetry ◽  
World War ◽  
Catholic University ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University ◽  
Second World

As a young man Stanisław Kryński, our Polish scholar, intended to devote his life to Roman Law. The fact may be surprising as Kryński received a great deal of attention thanks to his Polish translations of English poetry and the first volume of The history of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire by Edward Gibbon. The first archival research shows that in his youth Kryński was really into Roman Law and was even going to do his doctorate on “Iudicum familiae erciscundae in a Classic Roman Law”. He became the assistant of the professor Ignacy Koschembahr-Łyskowski while studying at the Faculty of Law and State Science at the University of Warsaw. The professor became his academic mentor and enabled him to serve an academic apprenticeship in Rome in 1938. The outbreak of the Second World War pulled the rug from under Kryński’s feet. But still, the skills and knowledge acquired in Warsaw were extremely valuable when he lectured Roman Law at the Polish Faculty of Law in Oxford in the years 1944–1946. After returning to Poland, he became a higher education lecturer at SGH Warsaw School of Economics and at Catholic University of Lublin. He did not carry on the research into Roman Law.

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