scholarly journals Expression of Unique Proteins during the Transition from the Yeast to Mycelial Form of Sporothrix schenckii.

1994 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-445
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Han-yaku
Keyword(s):  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Mycelial Form

scholarly journals MICs and minimum fungicidal concentrations of amphotericin B, itraconazole, posaconazole and terbinafine in Sporothrix schenckii

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 1607-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Pereira Silveira ◽  
Josep M. Torres-Rodríguez ◽  
Eidi Alvarado-Ramírez ◽  
Francisca Murciano-Gonzalo ◽  
Maribel Dolande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Mycelial Form ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Inappropriate Treatment ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients ◽  
Identification Of Species

The in vitro susceptibility of 62 isolates of Sporothrix schenckii in its mycelial form, from Latin-American countries (Peru, Venezuela, Brazil and Uruguay) and Spain, to amphotericin B (AB), itraconazole (IZ), posaconazole (PZ) and terbinafine (TB) was determined by measuring the MICs and minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) using a standardized Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute method. In general, TB was the most active drug, with the lowest geometric mean (GM) MIC and MFC values amongst isolates from the five countries tested. IZ and PZ showed almost the same activity against all strains tested, except for isolates from Uruguay where IZ gave the highest GM MIC (10.68 mg l−1). AB showed the widest MIC range (0.03–16.0 mg l−1); however, this drug was less active against 79 % of isolates (MICs above 1 mg l−1). MFCs were 5 to 20 times higher than the MICs, but the lowest GM MFC and range values were found for TB. IZ and PZ gave the highest GM MFC. MFC may be a better predictor of therapeutic response than MIC, especially in immunosuppressed patients, making the use of IZ and PZ an inappropriate treatment. There were some differences in susceptibility according to the geographical source of the isolates, with the MIC being lower for TB in Venezuelan strains (P=0.066) and the MFC higher for PZ in Peruvian strains (P=0.02). Thus, geographical origin may be important for appropriate treatment, and may relate to the identification of species of the S. schenckii complex.

In vitro susceptibility of isolates ofSporothrix schenckiito amphotericin B, itraconazole, and terbinafine: comparison of yeast and mycelial forms

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 843-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidiane Meire Kohler ◽  
Betânia Maria Soares ◽  
Daniel de Assis Santos ◽  
Maria Elisabete Da Silva Barros ◽  
Júnia Soares Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Mycelial Form ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Levels

Forty-three clinical isolates of Sporothrix schenckii derived from humans and animals were evaluated in vitro for their susceptibility to amphotericin B, itraconazole, and terbinafine. MICs were determined by the method of micro dilution in liquid media, using protocols M27-A2 for the yeast form and M38-A for the mycelial form, both standardized by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute. In general, higher MICs were found for the mycelial form (intervals of up to two dilutions). In the case of amphotericin B, a significant difference in activity was observed, with higher values (p < 0.05) found for the mycelial form. MICs for itraconazole and terbinafine were similar for both yeast and mycelial forms but slightly higher for mycelia. Although data presented here indicate different levels of susceptibility when both growth forms were compared, indicating an intrinsic difference between them, it is still difficult to draw a consensus as to which form correlates better with clinical findings. More studies are necessary to determine the criteria for in vitro tests that will lead to efficient therapeutic choices.Key words: Sporothrix schenckii, susceptibility testing, antifungal drug.

scholarly journals In Vitro Susceptibility of Sporothrix schenckii to Six Antifungal Agents Determined Using Three Different Methods

2007 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 2420-2423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eidi Alvarado-Ramírez ◽  
Josep M. Torres-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Candida Parapsilosis ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Mycelial Form ◽  
In Vitro Susceptibility ◽  
Strain Dependent ◽  
Very High ◽  
Limited Usefulness

ABSTRACT The in vitro susceptibility of Sporothrix schenckii to antifungal drugs has been determined with three different methods. Nineteen Peruvian clinical isolates of S. schenckii were tested against amphotericin B (AB), flucytosine (FC), fluconazole (FZ), itraconazole (IZ), voriconazole (VZ), and ketoconazole (KZ). Modified NCCLS M38-A, Sensititre YeastOne (SYO), and ATB Fungus 2 (ATBF2) methods were used to determine the MICs. ATCC isolates of Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, and Aspergillus flavus were used for quality control. Sporothrix inocula were prepared with the mycelial form growing on potato dextrose agar at 28 ± 2°C. MICs of AB, FC, FZ, and IZ were determined with all three methods, VZ with M38-A and SYO, and KZ with only SYO. The three methods showed high MICs of FZ and FC (MIC90 of 0.5 μg/ml), being homogeneously lower than those of IZ and KZ. The M38-A method showed a variable MIC range of VZ (4.0 to 16 μg/ml); the geometric mean (GM) was 9.3 μg/ml. The MIC range of AB was wide (0.06 to 16 μg/ml), but the GM was 1.2 μg/ml, suggesting that the MIC is strain dependent. Agreement (two log2 dilutions) between commercial techniques and the modified M38-A method was very high with FZ, IZ, and FC. In AB and VZ, the agreement was lower, being related to the antifungal concentrations of each method. The highest activity against S. schenckii was found with IZ and KZ. Lack of activity was observed with FZ, VZ, and FC. When AB is indicated for sporotrichosis, the susceptibility of the strain must be analyzed. Commercial quantitative antifungal methods have a limited usefulness in S. schenckii.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of human sporotrichosis in Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (08) ◽  
pp. 768-772
Author(s):  
Adriana Jardim De Almeida ◽  
Edilbert Pelegrini Nahn Júnior ◽  
Olney Vieira da Motta ◽  
Camila da Silva Lourenço ◽  
Maria de Lourdes Amaral Bernardino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Mycelial Form ◽  
Dimorphic Fungi ◽  
Personal Traits ◽  
Yeast Peptone Dextrose ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Public Health Officials

Introduction: Sporotrichosis is an infectious fungal zoonosis associated with traumatic implantation in the skin of dimorphic fungi of the Sporothrix schenckii complex. The objective of this study was to diagnose sporotrichosis in patients in the city of Campos dos Goytacazes, and to establish correlations between positive laboratory results and dermatological and topographical aspects of the lesions and personal traits of the patients, such as sex, age and profession. Methodology: We collected samples from 22 patients with suspect lesions, which were sent to the laboratory for direct microscopic analysis after Gram staining, followed by mycological culture by seeding the material in 4% Sabouraud dextrose agar (Himedia®) supplemented with chloramphenicol (50 mg/Lt) and cycloheximide (400 mg/Lt - Sigma-Aldrich, USA). The dishes were incubated at 25-30oC. For confirmation of the diagnosis, the strains isolated in mycelial form were converted to yeast form by culture in yeast-peptone-dextrose (YPD) agar at 37oC for up to 15 days. Results: The positive results demonstrated that the disease was most frequently diagnosed in women between the ages of 19 and 60 years, and that 18 (81.8%) of the patients reported having contact with pet cats. The occupations of those positive for sporotrichosis were not related to the disease. The upper limbs were the body region most often afflicted, with observation in the majority of cases of ulcerated lesions, although five patients also had nodular lesions. Additionally, the observation of lymphatic cords was frequent. Conclusion: In recent years, sporotrichosis has been diagnosed with relative frequency in Campos dos Goytacazes, causing great concern among public health officials and practitioners.

Recognition of Fungal Components by the Host Immune System

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura C. García-Carnero ◽  
José A. Martínez-Álvarez ◽  
Luis M. Salazar-García ◽  
Nancy E. Lozoya-Pérez ◽  
Sandra E. González-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
Sporothrix Schenckii ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Fungal Antigens

: By being the first point of contact of the fungus with the host, the cell wall plays an important role in the pathogenesis, having many molecules that participate as antigens that are recognized by immune cells, and also that help the fungus to establish infection. The main molecules reported to trigger an immune response are chitin, glucans, oligosaccharides, proteins, melanin, phospholipids, and others, being present in the principal pathogenic fungi with clinical importance worldwide, such as Histoplasma capsulatum, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Blastomyces dermatitidis, and Sporothrix schenckii. Knowledge and understanding of how the immune system recognizes and responds to fungal antigens are relevant for the future research and development of new diagnostic tools and treatments for the control of mycosis caused by these fungi.

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