scholarly journals Pollution (Poly Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Heavy Metals) Evaluation in Soil of Selected Area of Kaduna Towns in Kaduna State

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pahs Concentration ◽  
Study Sites

The Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and some heavy metals were analysis in the soil samples from urban areas of Kaduna state for their concentration and distribution. Naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorine, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene, benzo(k)fluoranthene, benzo(a) pyrene, indeno(1,2,3-cd)perylene, benzo(ghi) perylene and dibenzo(a,h) anthracene were analyzed in three urban soils of Kaduna North, Alegbi and Kaduna South, at 0-15 cm and 16-30 cm depth in wet and dry seasons. After extraction using ultrasonication with hexane and dichloromethane and clean-up, PAHs concentration was measured using gas chromatography. The concentration of all the PAHs obtained ranged between 178.00 mg/g and 787.0 0 mg/g for wet season and 105.10 mg/g and 437.70 mg/g for dry season. The concentrations of PAHs were higher in the subsoil (15-30 cm depth) in the wet season than in the dry season while higher concentrations of all the PAHs were observed in topsoil than subsoil during the dry season. The concentration of PAHs followed the order Kaduna North > Kaduna South > Algabi during the wet season and Kaduna South > Algabi > Kaduna Nort during the dry season. The concentration values of all determined PAHs were below the target value of 1000 mg/g stipulated by Department of Petroleum Resources. The Cd, Cr, Cu and Pb levels in the soil from the study sites were higher than the corresponding control values. The degree of pollution of various metals using the graded standard of Nemero pollution index varied. The concentrations of the metals were found to be above the recommended limits given by USEPA/WHO. This could pose risks and hazards to human and the ecosystem through direct ingestion of contaminated soil

scholarly journals Investigation of Heavy Metals Level in selected Boreholes around the Vicinity of some Cemeteries in Benin City, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 841-845
Author(s):  
C.A.E. Ibhadode ◽  
I.R. Ilaboya
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Benin City ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Groundwater pollution by heavy metals such as lead, copper, nickel and iron is one of the major environmental issues of concern which has developed into a widely studied area. In this study, attempt was made to investigate the level of heavy metals in selected boreholes around the vicinity of cemeteries in Benin City. Seventy-two (72) samples of groundwater were taken from boreholes in 9 stations around the three cemeteries in Benin City on monthly basis. The samples were analysed for 7 heavy metals, in accordance with standard procedures. The heavy metals include; Zinc, Lead Iron, Copper, Cadmium, Nickel and Mercury. From the results of the study, a variation in the mean concentration of zinc was observed. The mean concentration of zinc in site 1 was 0.450mg/l, for site 2, it was 0.140mg/l and for site 3, it was 1.0533mg/l. For iron, mean concentration was 0.072mg/l in site 1. For site 2, mean concentration of iron was 2.140mg/l and for site 3, mean concentration of iron was 0.560mg/l. It was further revealed based on the results that mean value of heavy metals in groundwater around cemeteries in Benin City were generally lower during dry season compared to wet season. In addition, result of computed pollution index (Pi) revealed that the heavy metal with the highest potential to pollute groundwater is Cadmium, with Pi of 0.5333 and 0.400 representing dry season and wet season respectively.

scholarly journals Distributional Coefficients and Enrichment Studies of Potentially Toxic Heavy Metals in Soils Around Itakpe Iron-Ore Mine, North Central Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Eneojo Godwin Ameh ◽  
Mofoloronsho Samuel Kolawole ◽  
Sunday Ojochogwu Idakwo ◽  
Caroline Ojone Ameh ◽  
Ebo GabrielImeokparia
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Background Concentration ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Environmental Indices ◽  
Hazard Level ◽  
Very High

Soil samples were collected randomly but uniformly distributed around Itakpe iron-ore mines in both dry and wet seasons. Surface soils were collected from 0cm to 10cm using stainless steel augers and located using Global Positioning System (GPS). Soil samples were air-dried, sieved through 500um mesh and 1.0g digested, evaporated and analysed using Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS).Five (5) geo-environmental indices were used to quantitatively evaluate the degree of soil contamination due to iron ore mining. The anthropogenic factor (AF) for both seasons revealed that all heavy metals have greater than 50% AF except for Cd in the dry season. The geo accumulation index (Igeo) for both seasons showed background concentration to unpolluted for Cu and Zn while Fe, Ni, Cdand Pb recorded moderately to very highly polluted. The pollution index (Eri), showed tiny hazard level for all the heavy metals in dry season and in wet season, Cd and Ni recorded strong hazard level while tiny hazard level were observed for Cu and Pb. The ecological pollution index for the area is strong (RI=323.25). Dry and wet season enrichment factor (EF) revealed background concentration for all the heavy metals except Fe with EF> 40 (extremely high enrichment). While contamination factor (CF) was very high for Fe in both seasons, Cu and Ni recorded considerable to very high contamination in dry season. The wet season also revealed considerable contamination for Ni and Cd; moderate to considerable contamination for Cu, Zn and Pb. The sites in both seasons have experienced various degrees of deterioration but more significant in wet season. Based on these indices, the soils around Itakpe iron-ore area has suffered significant degrees of contaminations with respect to Fe, Ni, Cd and Pb.

scholarly journals Source Apportionment and Risk Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Black Carbon Monitored in Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 653-663
Author(s):  
Muhyideen Oloyede ◽  
Precious Nwobidi Ede
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Rivers State

The purpose of this study was to determine concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air samples in Port Harcourt metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria, evaluate their potential risks to human health and identify pollution sources by characterizing the PAHs. Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were measured with a total concentration range of 0 to 9,589 mg/kg in the rainy season and 0.46 to 131mg/kg range in the dry season. High molecular weight PAHs dominated the PAH profiles accounting for 91% in dry season and 45% in the wet season. The overall assessment of the ratios of LMW to HMW of minimum, maximum and mean concentrations indicated pyrogenic sources. Benzo (a) pyrene equivalent (BaPeq) analysis showed that benzo (a) pyrene, DiBenzo (a,h) antracene and Indeno (1.2.3-cd) pyrene contributed the highest cancer toxicity with 94% and 85% in wet and dry seasons, respectively. The total incremental lifetime cancer risks of PAHs ranged from 0 to 4.90 with a median value of 3.37 x10-2 in wet season; while in the dry season, ILCR of PAHs ranged from 1.62 x10-5 to 7.42x10-3 with a median value of 1.15 x 10-3 . These values showed pervasive pollution indicating a major carcinogenic risk of PAHs. Mean ILCR in wet season was 3.37 x10-2 (33,700 x10-6 ) meaning 1 in every 30 persons in the study area is estimated to develop cancer. In the dry season, mean ILCR was 1.15 x10-3 (1,150 x10-6 ) meaning 1 in every 870 persons in the study area is estimated to develop cancer.

ASSESSMENT OF LONG-TERM SPATIAL VARIATION OF HEAVY METALS AND POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN URBAN AREAS OF BASEL

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (1) ◽  
pp. 5255
Author(s):  
Harish C. Phuleria ◽  
Siventher Jeyachchandren ◽  
Elisabetta Corradi ◽  
Harald Zechmeister ◽  
Nino Kuenzli
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Spatial Variation ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

scholarly journals Heavy metals concentration and pollution index (HPI) in drinking water along the southwest coast of Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Regina Appiah-Opong ◽  
Amoako Ofori ◽  
Mark Ofosuhene ◽  
Ebenezer Ofori-Attah ◽  
Francis K. E. Nunoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Metal Concentration ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Southwest Coast ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Wet And Dry Seasons

AbstractThe concentration of seven heavy metals in water samples was analyzed along the southwest coast of Ghana in the wet and dry seasons using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Some physicochemical properties of the water samples were also determined to assess the quality of the water. The ranges of metal concentration in water in the wet season were; As (1.23–7.84 µg/L), Cu (4.10–24.09 µg/L), Pb (4.08–57.98 µg/L), Se (BDL-0.38 µg/L), Zn (2.86–17.75 µg/L) and Hg (0.023–0.068 µg/L), whereas the ranges of metal concentration in the dry season were; As (2.30–5.78 µg/L), Pb (25.47–70.73 µg/L), Se (0.081–0.158 µg/L), Zn (0.79–22.80 µg/L) and Hg (0.004–0.047 µg/L). The results of physicochemical properties of water in the wet season were pH (6.83 to 7.52), EC (291.15–780.64 µS/cm), TDS (195.07–523.02 mg/L), DO (2.98–4.39 mg/L), BOD (3.33 to 6.84 mg/L), salinity (0.01 to 0.30 ppt) and temperature (27.06–30.94 °C), whereas the dry season recorded the ranges of pH (6.84–6.95), EC (516.83 to 660.67 µS/cm), TDS (307.07–442.65 mg/L), DO (1.71–3.04 mg/L), BOD (4.25–13.38 mg/L), salinity (0.22–0.28ppt) and temperature (28.46–30.44 °C). The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in water was below the WHO standard except Pb which exceeded the limit. The mean heavy metal pollution index (HPI) were 130 and 143 for wet and dry seasons, respectively, indicating that the water HPI was above the critical limit (HPI > 100), hence unfit for drinking. All the physicochemical properties analyzed were within the WHO permissible limits except BOD.

scholarly journals Unraveling the Transport and Fate of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Through Coupling Fluvial Geomorphic Modeling and Measured Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Hosseiny ◽  
Han Cao ◽  
Virginia Smith ◽  
Wenqing Xu
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Coastal Zones ◽  
Core Sediment ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Pahs Concentration

Coastal zones receive upstream runoff and sediments, as well as the contaminants transported with sediments and flow. Constant urban growth in many coastal areas has raised an increasing concern about stream and floodplain contamination. This is a particularly challenging issue because fluvial hydraulics in the coastal zone is complex, due to the presence of backwater (BW) conditions which alter flow patterns and sediment transport regime. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants that are widely distributed in urban areas and can be transported through stormwater runoff and by sediment facilitated transport. Even though this is a widespread problem in urban areas, the relationship between fluvial deposition and concentrations of PAHs is largely uninvestigated. To fill this gap, this paper investigates the correlation between PAHs concentration and sediment deposition in a backwater zone, using the lower Darby Creek, PA as a case study. A BW geomorphologic model was used to simulate the hydraulics of the flow in Darby Creek. The model identified locations of high and low shear stresses, erosion, and deposition of fluvial sediment. Twenty-eight core sediment samples, capturing a range of soil depths, were collected from the bed, the banks, and the floodplains of the creek and were analyzed for PAHs on a GC-MS. The results showed that PAHs concentrations were generally highest on depositional banks and were highly variable on the channel bed and in the floodplain. Further, PAH concentrations were more uniform across the cross section (bed, bank, and floodplain) at downstream sites compared to upstream. The results also showed that in erosional sites, unlike the depositional sites, there was little variation in PAHs concentration in the soil column. This analysis provides deeper insight into the transport and fate of PAHs in urban streams and floodplains, ultimately helping mitigate the impacts of pollutants on the environment.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) in Atmospheric Particles (PM2.5 and PM2.5–10): Integrated Evaluation of the Environmental Scenario in Urban Areas

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessa Maria Ceratti ◽  
Gustavo Marques da Costa ◽  
Darlan Daniel Alves ◽  
Laura Meneguzzi Cansi ◽  
Jessica Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Atmospheric Particles ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic

Negative Impacts of Biochars on Urease Activity: High pH, Heavy Metals, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, or Free Radicals?

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (21) ◽  
pp. 12740-12747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Liu ◽  
Qunying Dai ◽  
Xiuqi Jin ◽  
Xudong Dong ◽  
Juan Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Urease Activity ◽  
High Ph ◽  
Polycyclic Aromatic ◽  
Negative Impacts
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