scholarly journals Is there an association of bone mineral density and risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal Saudi women?

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
High Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Saudi Women ◽  
T Score ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

Several studies revealed an association between high bone mineral density (BMD) and the increased risk for developing breast cancer (BC). Aim: Explore if there is an association between BMD and BC risk in postmenopausal Saudi (PMS) women. Material and Method: In a retrospective cohort study of 1145 PMS women age range from 46 – 85 year (mean = 55 year). The average time period of menopause 4 years.We reviewed BMD of all patients performed between October 2012 and November 2018. All patients had BMD measurements of lumbar spine L2-L4 and right femoral neck in gm/cm². Results: The T-score was used for analysis of the results. Among the total patient studied 195 (17%) were found to have BC group 1 (G1) while 950 (93%) without BC group 2(G2). Analysis of lumbar spine T-score in G1 showed that: 29 % had osteoporosis, 37% osteopenia and 34% had normal BMD and in G2 40% had osteoporosis, 31% osteopenia and 29 had normal values. Results showed prevalence of osteoporosis in G1 was significantly lower than in G2 (p =0.002) while there was no significant difference between the two groups with osteopenia and normal BMD results (p = 0.06 and 0.205 respectively). Conclusion: PMS women with BC had higher BMD at time of diagnosis compared to their counterpart without BC.

scholarly journals Effect of Raloxifene on Bone Mineral Density in Premenopausal Women at Increased Risk of Breast Cancer

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 3941-3946 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Eng-Wong ◽  
J. C. Reynolds ◽  
D. Venzon ◽  
D. Liewehr ◽  
S. Gantz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Spine Density ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Context: Raloxifene is a promising breast cancer prevention agent in postmenopausal women at increased risk for breast cancer. The effects of raloxifene in premenopausal women are unknown. Objective: We evaluated the effect of raloxifene in premenopausal women at increased risk for breast cancer on bone mineral density (BMD). Design: This was a phase II clinical trial. Setting: This study was conducted at an academic medical center. Participants: Thirty-seven premenopausal women at increased risk for breast cancer enrolled in the trial. Thirty subjects began treatment and 27 were evaluable. Intervention: Raloxifene (60 mg daily) and elemental calcium (500 mg daily) were given for 2 yr. Subjects were followed up off medications for 1 yr. Main Outcome Measure: The primary end point was the intrasubject percent change in BMD at 1 yr measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Results: The mean baseline lumbar spine density was 1.027 g/cm2. Lumbar spine density decreased 2.3% at 1 yr (P < 0.00001) and 3.5% at 2 yr (P < .00001). Percent change from yr 2 to 3 was +1.4%. The mean baseline total hip bone density was 0.905 g/cm2. Total hip density decreased 0.3% at 1 yr and 1.0% at 2 yr (P = 0.033). Percent change from yr 2 to 3 was +1.7%. Conclusions: Raloxifene use is associated with a decrease in BMD in premenopausal women at increased risk for breast cancer. The clinical significance of this decrease is unknown and is attenuated with stopping raloxifene.

scholarly journals High Bone Mineral Density of the Lumbar Spine Is Positively Associated with Breast Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Larissa Vaz Gonçalves ◽  
Karine Anusca Martins ◽  
Jordana Carolina Marques Godinho-Mota ◽  
Raquel Machado Schincaglia ◽  
Ana Luisa Lima Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
High Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Density

Objective. The objective of this study was to verify possible associations between bone mineral density (BMD) and breast cancer in recently diagnosed women in the Brazilian Mid-west region, considering the menopausal status of patients. Methods. A case-control study was conducted with 142 cases of breast cancer and 234 controls matched by for age, body mass index (BMI), and menopausal status (pre- and postmenopause), performed in a university hospital in the Brazilian Mid-west. Lumbar spine (L1–L4), femoral neck, and total femur BMD were measured by the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) method. For association, a logistic regression analysis was used. Results. Women in the highest lumbar spine BMD quartile presented had a higher chance of developing breast cancer (OR = 2.31; 1.02–5.25; p = 0.045), after adjusting for the confounding variables. Nonetheless, there were no statistically significant differences in the association between pre- and postmenopause in that quartile and breast cancer. Conclusions. High lumbar spine BMD was positively associated with breast cancer in the total sample. In evaluating the BMD of the femoral neck and total femur, such an association was not observed.

Management of bone metabolism in epilepsy

2021 ◽  
Vol 74 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 257-265
Author(s):  
Firdevs Ezgi Uçan Tokuç ◽  
Fatma Genç ◽  
Abidin Erdal ◽  
Yasemin Biçer Gömceli
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Low Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Significant Difference

Many systemic problems arise due to the side effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) used in epilepsy patients. Among these adverse effects are low bone mineral density and increased fracture risk due to long-term AED use. Although various studies have supported this association with increased risk in recent years, the length of this process has not been precisely defined and there is no clear consensus on bone density scanning, intervals of screening, and the subject of calcium and vitamin D supplementation. In this study, in accordance with the most current recommendations, our applications and data, including the detection of possible bone mineralization disorders, treatment methods, and recommendations to prevent bone mineralization disorders, were evaluated in epilepsy patients who were followed up at our outpatient clinic. It was aimed to draw attention to the significance of management of bone metabolism carried out with appropriate protocols. Epilepsy patients were followed up at the Antalya Training and Research Hospital Department of Neurology, Epilepsy Outpatient Clinic who were at high risk for osteoporosis (use of valproic acid [VPA] and enzyme-inducing drugs, using any AED for over 5 years, and postmenopausal women) and were evaluated using a screening protocol. According to this protocol, a total of 190 patients suspected of osteoporosis risk were retrospectively evaluated. Four patients were excluded from the study due to secondary osteoporosis. Of the 186 patients who were included in the study, 97 (52.2%) were women and 89 (47.8%) were men. Prevalence of low bone mineral density (BMD) was 42%, in which osteoporosis was detected in 11.8% and osteopenia in 30.6% of the patients. Osteoporosis rate was higher at the young age group (18-45) and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.018). There was no significant difference between male and female sexes according to osteoporosis and osteopenia rates. Patients receiving polytherapy had higher osteoporosis rate and lower BMD compared to patients receiving monotherapy. Comparison of separate drug groups according to osteoporosis rate revealed that osteoporosis rate was highest in patient groups using VPA+ carbamazepine (CBZ) (29.4%) and VPA polytherapy (19.4%). Total of osteopenia and osteoporosis, or low BMD, was highest in VPA polytherapy (VPA+ non-enzyme-inducing AED [NEID]) and CBZ polytherapy (CBZ+NEID) groups, with rates of 58.3% and 55.1%, respectively. In addition, there was no significant difference between drug groups according to bone metabolism markers, vitamin D levels, and osteopenia-osteoporosis rates. Assuming bone health will be affected at an early age in epilepsy patients, providing lifestyle and diet recommendations, avoiding polytherapy including VPA and CBZ when possible, and evaluating bone metabolism at regular intervals are actions that should be applied in routine practice.

Bone Mineral Density Assessment by DXA vs. QCT in Postmenopausal Females with Central Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-161
Author(s):  
Lejla Milisic ◽  
Sandra Vegar-Zubovic ◽  
Amina Valjevac ◽  
Suada Hasanovic-Vučković
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Proximal Femur ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
T Score

Objectives: Although Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is gold standard for osteoporosis diagnosis, several reports have shown discordant T-score values measured by Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) and DXA especially in obese subjects, but it is still not clear whether BMD measurement by two modalities is affected by overall obesity or central obesity in postmenopausal females. Therefore, the aims of this study were to compare BMD and T-scores by DXA and QCT and to evaluate whether these two osteoporosis assessment modalities yield different T-score values in postmenopausal females with obesity and central obesity. Methods: This cross-sectional study enrolled 44 postmenopausal females, referred for osteoporosis screening. Anthropometric indices (BMI-body mass index, WC-waist circumference and ICOindex of central obesity) were measured and females underwent an assessment of bone mineral density by DXA and QCT. Results: Lumbar Spine (LS) T-score values were observed to be significantly lower by DXA compared to qCT in females with BMI >25 kg/m2, (-1.9±1.5 vs. -2.3±1.2; p=0.039), in females with WC>88 cm(-1.9±1.5 vs. -2.4±1.2; p=0.008) and in females with ICO>0.5(-1.96±1.4 vs. -2.5±1.2; p=0.004). However, in normal-weight females and in those without central obesity, LS T-scores by DXA were not different than qCT. DXA at lumbar spine and proximal femur revealed osteoporosis in 47.7% and 11.4% respectively, while QCT detected osteoporosis in 61.4% of females (p<0.001). Measures of central obesity; ICO and WC were not associated with QCT bone mineral density (BMD) (r=0.14 and r=0.21, respectively), but were positively associated with both DXALS BMD (r=0.29 and r=0.31; p<0.05) and DXA proximal femur BMD (r=0.41 and r=0.44; p<0.01). Conclusion: Our results suggest that obesity is associated with lower T-scores by DXA compared to QCT. Caution is needed when assessing osteoporosis status in obese postmenopausal females. However, further studies with larger sample size are needed to confirm the findings.

scholarly journals Can lumbar spine bone mineral density predict readmission in denosumab-treated patients with chronic kidney disease?

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben-Chung Cheng ◽  
Ying-Chou Chen
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
T Score ◽  
Readmission Risk

This study investigated whether bone mineral density (BMD) affects readmission risk in patients with chronic kidney diseases (CKD) who received denosumab therapy. The study design was a retrospective case review of patients with CKD. Baseline age, sex, and body mass index were recorded for all patients included in the study. All comorbidities were recorded. All subjects underwent dual energy X-ray absorptiometry assay of the lumbar spine and right hip for BMD. The primary outcome was readmission. Predictive variables were categorized and compared between readmitted and non-readmitted patients. Logistic regression was used for multivariable analysis. A total of 121 patients with CKD who received denosumab therapy were enrolled. Of these, 29 were readmitted within 2 years, and 92 had no readmission. The lumbar BMD differed between the readmission (−2.94±0.68) and non-readmission (−2.09±1.48) groups. The readmission group had a lower T score than the non-readmission group. When adjusted for potential confounding factors, a decreased lumbar BMD had a higher readmission risk. When the cut-off points determined by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were applied, the most precise point was set at a T score of −3. Osteoporosis in patients with CKD is associated with a high risk of readmission; the best predictor after denosumab therapy was the lumbar spine T score. A lower T score (especially if <−3) was associated with a higher probability of fracture readmission. It is essential to optimize primary and secondary prevention in these patients to improve their quality of life.

scholarly journals Differences in Bone Mineral Density between Adult Vegetarians and Nonvegetarians Become Marginal when Accounting for Differences in Anthropometric Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 1266-1271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nena Karavasiloglou ◽  
Eliska Selinger ◽  
Jan Gojda ◽  
Sabine Rohrmann ◽  
Tilman Kühn
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Race Ethnicity

ABSTRACT Background Persons following plant-based diets have lower bone mineral density (BMD) and higher fracture risk, possibly due to suboptimal nutrient supply. However, anthropometric measures were not considered as potential confounders in many previous studies, and body mass index (BMI) is positively associated with BMD but also generally lower among vegans and vegetarians. Objectives Our objective was to investigate if BMD measurements differ between vegetarians and nonvegetarians from the adult general population when accounting for important determinants of BMD, especially BMI and waist circumference. Methods Using data from the NHANES (cycles 2007–2008 and 2009–2010), we evaluated the differences in BMD (femoral neck, total femoral, and total lumbar spine) between adult vegetarians and nonvegetarians. Linear regression models were used to determine the associations between BMD and diet. Statistical models were adjusted for important factors, i.e., age, sex, race/ethnicity, smoking status, alcohol consumption, serum vitamin D and calcium concentrations, waist circumference, and BMI. Results In statistical models adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, menopausal status, and education level, BMD values were significantly lower among vegetarians than among nonvegetarians (P &lt; 0.001). These differences were attenuated upon adjustment for lifestyle factors, and became statistically nonsignificant upon adjustment for anthropometric variables (BMI and waist circumference) for femoral neck (0.77 compared with 0.79 g/cm2 among vegetarians versus nonvegetarians, P = 0.10) and total femoral BMD (0.88 compared with 0.90 g/cm2, P = 0.12). A small but statistically significant difference remained for total lumbar spine BMD (1.01 compared with 1.04 g/cm2, P = 0.005). Conclusions These findings suggest that lower BMD among adult vegetarians is in larger parts explained by lower BMI and waist circumference.

scholarly journals Comparison of Bone Mineral Density, T-Scores and Serum Zinc between Diabetic and Non Diabetic Postmenopausal Women with Osteoporosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (01) ◽  
pp. 043-048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka R Siddapur ◽  
Anuradha B Patil ◽  
Varsha S Borde
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
T Score ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Serum Zn ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

ABSTRACT Context: Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a public health problem. Diabetics are at increased risk of osteoporosis-related fractures. Zinc (Zn) has a role in collagen metabolism, and its levels are altered in diabetes. Aims: The aim was to compare bone mineral density (BMD), T-score and serum Zn between diabetic and nondiabetic postmenopausal women with osteoporosis to see if they influence increased fracture risk in diabetes. Settings and Design: It is a cross-sectional study conducted at Department of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum. Materials and Methods: Thirty type 2 diabetic and 30 age-matched (aged 45-75 years) nondiabetic Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) confirmed postmenopausal osteoporotics were included from January 2011 to March 2012. Serum Zn was analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Statistical Analysis Used: Mean and standard deviation of the parameters of the two groups were computed and compared by unpaired Student's t-test. Relationship between variables was measured by Karl Pearson's correlation co-efficient. A statistical significance is set at 5% level of significance (P < 0.05). Results: T-score was significantly higher in diabetics compared with nondiabetics(−2.84 ± 0.42 vs. −3.22 ± 0.74) P < 0.05. BMD and serum Zn of diabetics showed a significant positive correlation with body mass index (BMI). Conclusions: Type 2 diabetic postmenopausal osteoporotics have a higher T-score than the nondiabetics. High BMI in type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may contribute to high BMD and may be a protective factor against zincuria. Increased fracture risk in T2DM could be due to other factors like poor bone quality due to hyperglycemia rather than BMD. Strict glycemic control is of paramount importance.

A prospective evaluation of the relationship between bone mineral density and breast cancer.

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (26_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9-9
Author(s):  
David Barry Geffen ◽  
Victor Novack ◽  
Tali Shafat ◽  
Margarita Tokar ◽  
Irena Lazarev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
T Score ◽  
Bmd Testing ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Score Range

9 Background: Osteoporosis and breast cancer (BC) are each mediated by circulating estrogens. Insulin and insulin growth factors 1-2 have been linked to increased bone mineral density (BMD) and BC cell growth. The relationship between BMD and BC incidence has been analyzed in a number of retrospective studies with conflicting results. We have previously reported on a study of BC risk in 15,268 women who underwent BMD testing. Women in the highest Z-score tertile at the femoral neck had a higher risk of developing BC compared to those in the lowest tertile (OR 2.15, p = 0.004). The current study was undertaken in order to determine whether there is a direct correlation between BMD and BC when evaluated prospectively. Methods: This case-control study is planned to include 400 consecutive patients (pts) with newly diagnosed BC and 800 matched controls without BC. Pts and controls undergo BMD examination using dual photon technology. Serum is obtained for vitamin D, calcium, and a panel of bone turnover markers and cytokines. Pts and controls are interviewed and a questionnaire about BC and osteoporosis risk factors is completed. Results: We present clinical and BMD data from the first 200 BC patients recruited to the study. Median age 60, interquartile range 49.5-66. Body Mass Index: 28.4 ± 5.4 (mean ± SD). Postmenopausal: 148 patients, 74%. T-scores (mean ± SD): femoral neck: -0.68 ±-1.10, total hip: -0.28 ± 1.17, L1-L4: -0.52 ± 1.39. T-score of less than minus 2.5 (cut-off for osteoporosis) at any of the 3 sites, 24 (11.9 %) pts. Estrogen receptor pos: 162 (81%).BC stage: T0-T2, 175 (87.5 %). N0: 108 (54.5%), N1-2-3: 86 (43.4%). % pts node pos (N1-2-3) in each T score range: ≤ -2.5, 20%; -2.5 < T score ≤ -1,36%; -1 < T-score ≤+ 1,50%; +1 < T-score, 60%. % pts low grade in each T score range: ≤ -2.5, 25%;-2.5 < T-score ≤ -1,35%;-1 < T-score ≤ +1,37 % ;+1 < T-score, 20%. Conclusions: Only 11.9% of the first 200 BC patients studied had osteoporosis by BMD at diagnosis.Pts with higher BMD showed a trend for more nodal involvement. Pts with T-score > +1 had fewer cases of low grade histology compared to pts with lower T-scores. These preliminary results hint that higher BMD may be associated with more aggressive BC.

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